Iron Oxide Based Magnetic Nanocomposites: Removal of Inorganic and Organic Water Contaminants and Antimicrobial Properties

In the current scenario, most of the researcher try to prepared novel and cost-effective nanomaterials for wastewater treatment especially discharge from industrial and domestic water, drinking water and contaminated water. A worldwide growing population is one of the major sources of water pollution. The overall thesis demonstrates an extensive view of the use of nanomaterials in water purification using functionalized iron oxide nanomaterials by adsorption of inorganic and organic contaminants. In the present work, we have prepared iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and iron oxide-based nanomaterials such as Fe3O4-TSPED-Tryptophan, Fe3O4-GG, Fe3O4-APTES-EDTA and GO-Fe3O4-APTES of various morphology using precipitation methods. The synthesized nanomaterials were analyzed using FT-IR, XRD, TEM, FE-SEM, VSM, BET surface area, TGA, Zeta potential, Raman and UV-Vis Spectroscopy techniques and were used as effective adsorbent towards heavy metal ions and organic dyes from aqueous solution. In the first project, we use amino acid (Tryptophan) functionalized iron oxide nanomaterial and TSPED act as a linking agent in between them. The results revealed that the Fe3O4-TSPED-Tryptophan shows greater affinity towards Congo Red (CR) dye adsorption and antibacterial properties. The adsorption efficacy of the dye is assessed by varying various parameters such as pH, dye concentration, adsorbent dose and time. The adsorption isotherm is found to follow Langmuir isotherm model and the rate of adsorption well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics. We further checked the antibacterial activity of the dye against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strain. FTT nanocomposite responds positively towards antibacterial activity. In the same direction, the second project, functionalized Guar-gum (GG) on the surface of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were synthesized via conventional co-precipitation method. The efficiency of the nanocomposite was investigated towards the adsorption of different dyes such Congo red (CR), Malachite green (MG), Methylene blue (MeB), Methyl orange (MO), Eriochrome Black T (EBT), Methyl blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (Rhb). Among which CR dye shows adsorption efficiency of 97% using the prepared nanocomposite. The presence of -NH2 in the CR dye is responsible for the efficient adsorption, as it easily forms hydrogen bonding with the surface hydroxyl group of Fe3O4-GG. The optimum condition for dye removal efficiency using Fe3O4-GG has been investigated by varying different factors such as the influence of pH, the initial concentration of dye, adsorbent dose and influence of contact time. Moreover, the adsorption procedure was studied with various adsorption isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Elovich isotherm). Among all isotherm model, Langmuir isotherm model is best fit for CR adsorption. The CR dye adsorption limit was found to be, qm=60.24 mg/g. The dye adsorption rate follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. For the removal of inorganic contaminants, in the third project advancement of an efficient and cost-effective method for heavy metal removal from contaminated water utilizing Fe3O4-APTES-EDTA nanocomposite, a productive reusable adsorbent, is explained in this study. The novel Fe3O4-APTES-EDTA nanocomposite was prepared by three-step process such as (a) firstly Fe3O4 nanoparticle was prepared by chemical co-precipitation method, (b) secondly, the silane coating on the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 cores using linking agent APTES was done which provide amino group (–NH2) for linking with the EDTA molecule and (c) finally, EDTA molecules functions as inclusion sites and a selective containers for trapping different heavy metal ions. Fe3O4-APTES-EDTAis found to be a good adsorbent for Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ removal with a higher adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Cu2+ are found to be 11.31, 13.88, 7.64, 4.86 and 78.67 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption and desorption cycle was studied for five cycles with minimal loss of efficiency. In the fourth project, amino silane magnetic nanocomposite decorated on graphene oxide (GO-Fe3O4-APTES) was successfully prepared by organic transformation reaction followed by co-precipitation method. GO-Fe3O4-APTES material was highly selective for Chromium (VI) removal from aqueous solution. About 91 % of Chromium (VI) was removed at pH 3, 160 rpm of shaking speed, 0.3 g/L of adsorbent dose and 10 hours of contact time. The adsorption process of Chromium (VI) on GO-Fe3O4-APTES follows Pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model because of the high correlation coefficient value (R2=0.99). The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of GO-Fe3O4-APTES was observed at 60.53 mg/g. The synthesized material was desorbed with 0.5 M NaOH and recycled up to five cycles. After five cycles, the removal efficiency of chromium (VI) possesses high efficacy towards-Fe3O4-APTES. Mechanistically, adsorption of Chromium (VI) follows strong electrostatic attraction between adsorbate and adsorbent. GO-Fe3O4-APTES has potential adsorbent for the adsorption of chromium (VI) in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the Fe3O4-APTES were tested for antibacterial properties against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) bacterial strain. The synthesized material responds positively towards antibacterial activity

Genetic diversity and latency status of betanodavirus in wild seeds of Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch) sampled along Indian coasts

288-293Piscine nodavirus is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. The present investigation was carried out to know the persistence and diversity of betanodavirus in wild healthy seabass seeds around east and west coasts of India from three major landing sites. The seeds obtained from two coasts were detected positive by nested PCR using RNA2 coat protein gene-specific primers. Phylogenetic analysis revealed all the three Indian coast sample sequences as close to Indian strain of betanodavirus reported earlier and those belong to red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). These results indicate a strong latency or persistency of betanodavirus among wild healthy seeds of Asian seabass available along Indian coasts that remain as a source of viral inoculum for spreading disease in farm reared fish

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. Methods The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. Findings Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4.45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4.01-4.94) deaths and 105 million (95.0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44.4% (41.3-48.4) of all cancer deaths and 42.0% (39.1-45.6) of all DALYs. There were 2.88 million (2.60-3.18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50.6% [47.8-54.1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1.58 million (1.36-1.84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36.3% [32.5-41.3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20.4% (12.6-28.4) and DALYs by 16.8% (8.8-25.0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34.7% [27.9-42.8] and 33.3% [25.8-42.0]). Interpretation The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe