8 research outputs found
Quantitative analyses and modelling to support achievement of the 2020 goals for nine neglected tropical diseases
- Author
- Adams E.R. (Emily)
- Anderson R.M. (Roy)
- Atkins K. (Katherine)
- Bartsch S. (Sarah)
- Basáñez M-G. (María-Gloria)
- Behrend M. (Matthew)
- Blok D.J. (David)
- Chapman L.A.C. (Lloyd A. C.)
- Coffeng L.E. (Luc)
- Courtenay O. (Orin)
- Crump R.E. (Ron E.)
- Dobson A.P. (Andrew)
- Dyson L. (Louise)
- Farkas H. (Hajnal)
- Galvani A.P. (Alison P.)
- Gambhir M. (Manoj)
- Gurarie D. (David)
- Hollingsworth T.D. (T. Déirdre)
- Irvine M.A. (Michael A.)
- Jervis S. (Sarah)
- Keeling M.J. (Matt J.)
- Kelly-Hope L. (Louise)
- King C. (Charles)
- Lee B.Y. (Bruce Y.)
- Lietman T.M. (Thomas M.)
- Medley G.F. (Graham F.)
- Michael E. (Edwin)
- Ndeffo-Mbah M. (Martial)
- Pandey A. (Abhishek)
- Peterson J.K. (Jennifer K.)
- Pinsent A. (Amy)
- Porco T.C. (Travis C.)
- Reimer L. (Lisa)
- Richardus J.H. (Jan Hendrik)
- Rock K.S. (Kat S.)
- Rutte E.A. (Epke) le
- Singh B.K. (Brajendra K.)
- Stolk W.A. (Wilma)
- Swaminathan S. (Subramanian)
- Torr S.J. (Steve J.)
- Townsend J. (Jeffrey)
- Truscott J. (James)
- Vlas S.J. (Sake) de
- Walker M. (Martin)
- Zoueva A. (Alexandra)
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 09/12/2015
- Field of study
Quantitative analysis and mathematical models are useful tools in informing strategies to control or eliminate disease. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop these tools to inform policy to achieve the 2020 goals for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In this paper we give an overview of a collection of novel model-based analyses which aim to address key questions on the dynamics of transmission and control of nine NTDs: Chagas disease, visceral leishmaniasis, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy, soil-transmitted helminths, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma. Several common themes resonate throughout these analyses, including: the importance of epidemiological setting on the success of interventions; targeting groups who are at highest risk of infection or re-infection; and reaching populations who are not accessing interventions and may act as a reservoir for infection,. The results also highlight the challenge of maintaining elimination 'as a public health problem' when true elimination is not reached. The models elucidate the factors that may be contributing most to persistence of disease and discuss the requirements for eventually achieving true elimination, if that is possible. Overall this collection presents new analyses to inform current control initiatives. These papers form a base from which further development of the models and more rigorous validation against a variety of datasets can help to give more detailed advice. At the moment, the models' predictions are being considered as the world prepares for a final push towards control or elimination of neglected tropical diseases by 2020
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
- Author
- Abd Elghafar M.S.
- Abdel-Aziz M.
- Abdelrazik M.
- Abdollahi H.
- Abdullah T.
- Abecasis G.R.
- Abecasis G.R.
- Abedalthagafi M.
- Abel L.
- Abernathy C.
- Abraheem A.
- Abul-Husn N.S.
- Acquilini D.
- Adams C.
- Adams E.L.
- Adams K.
- Adamsara A.
- Adanini O.
- Adeleye O.
- Adra D.
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- Akinkugbe O.
- Aksentijevich A.
- Al Harthi F.
- Al Mutairi A.
- Al-Afghani H.
- Al-Awdah L.
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- Alahmadey Z.Z.
- Alaverdian D.
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- Taylor M.
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- Tenesa A.
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- Thirumaran M.
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- Timmers P.R.H.J.
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- Tommasi A.
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- van Heel D.A.
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- Vedage D.
- Veerapen K.
- Venkatesh H.
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- Verma A.
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- Wang X.
- Wanying Z.
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- Zöllner S.
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- Publication venue
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- Publication date
- 07/07/2022
- Field of study
Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Analysis of systems influencing renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion. I. Biochemical systems theory
- Author
- A. Sorribas
- A.B. Carlson
- A.C. Guyton
- A.C. Guyton
- A.C. Nestruck
- B.J. Ballerman
- B.J. West
- B.M. Brenner
- C.F. Sing
- Charles F. Sing
- D.H. Irvine
- D.H. Irvine
- D.J. Marsh
- E.A. Murphy
- E.O. Voit
- E.O. Voit
- F.E. Yates
- H.W. Bode
- J. Kaprio
- J.E. Sealey
- J.R. Abernathy
- L. Bertanlanffy von
- L. Perusse
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- M.A. Savageau
- Michael A. Savageau
- R. Bergman
- R.F. Pitts
- R.J. Havlik
- R.N. Bergman
- S.A. Atlas
- S.A. Atlas
- S.L. Reilly
- S.T. Turner
- S.T. Turner
- S.T. Turner
- Sharon L. Reilly
- Stephen T. Turner
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Evolutionary Genomics of Hox Gene Clusters
- Author
- A. Aboobaker
- A. Amores
- A. Amores
- A. Amores
- A. Force
- A. Force
- A. Germot
- A. Mannaert
- A. Spagnuolo
- A. Tanzer
- A.A. Aboobaker
- A.C. Sharman
- A.H. Neidert
- A.J. Carter
- A.P. Lee
- A.S. Rasmussen
- B. Negre
- B. Negre
- B.D. Metscher
- B.Y. Misof
- B.Y. Misof
- C. Delabre
- C. Fried
- C. Fried
- C.B. Kim
- C.H. Chiu
- C.H. Chiu
- C.H. Chiu
- C.H. Chiu
- C.S. Shashikant
- C.W. Sugnet
- D. Kampa
- D. Larhammar
- D. Steinke
- D.A. Benson
- D.C. Cannatella
- D.E.K. Ferrier
- D.W. Stock
- E.M. Levine
- F. Casals
- F. Delsuc
- G. Cuvier
- G. Kurosawa
- G. Wagner
- G.P. Wagner
- G.P. Wagner
- H. Escriva
- H. Kobel
- H.C. Gűrsoy
- H.C. Seo
- H.K. Moghadam
- H.K. Moghadam
- J. Cheng
- J. Garcia-Fernández
- J. Mallatt
- J. Pendleton
- J. Taylor
- J.E. Stenger
- J.F. Wendel
- J.G. Maisey
- J.H. Nadeau
- J.M. Johnson
- J.S. Nelson
- J.S. Pedersen
- K. Nieselt-Struwe
- K. Vandepoele
- K.D. Crow
- K.D. Crow
- K.R. Johnson
- M. Lynch
- M. Ronshaugen
- M.A. Fares
- M.J. Cohn
- M.T. Murtha
- M.Z. Ludwig
- N. Takezaki
- P. Bertone
- P. Forey
- P. Janvier
- P. Olsson
- P.C.J. Donoghue
- P.F. Stadler
- P.R.A. Campos
- R.A. Cameron
- R.B. Edvardsen
- R.F. Furlong
- R.J. Britten
- R.J. Pierce
- RIKEN Genome Exploration Research Group
- S. Aparicio
- S. Hoegg
- S. Hoegg
- S. Kuraku
- S. Prohaska
- S. Santini
- S. Tumpel
- S. Washietl
- S. Yekta
- S.B. Carroll
- S.D. Ferris
- S.J. Prohaska
- S.P.Y. Michael Chau
- S.Q. Irvine
- S.S. Potter
- T. Hadrys
- T. Ikuta
- T. Ikuta
- T. Imanishi
- T.P. Powers
- T.P. Powers
- V.J. Lynch
- V.S. Chopra
- W. Bailey
- W.J. Gehring
- X.F. Liu
- Y. Okazaki
- Y. Peer van de
- Y. Takio
- Y. Yasukochi
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2007
- Field of study
Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study
- Author
- Aawsaj Y
- Abad Gurumeta A
- Abad-Motos A
- Abate E
- Abatini C
- Abbadessa F
- Abbas AM
- Abbassi-Ghadi N
- Abbott D
- Abbott T
- Abbott Tom EF
- Abd Elazeem HAS
- Abdalla M
- Abdallah M
- Abdel Al S
- Abdel Jalil R
- Abdeldayem H
- Abdelkader Salama I
- Abdelkarem MM
- Abdelkarim M
- Abdelmajeed A
- Abdelrahman A
- Abdelrahman S
- Abdelsamed A
- Abdou M
- Abdulkareem A
- Abdulwahed E
- Abdur-Rahman L
- Abel MK
- Abellán M
- Aboelkassem Ibrahim A
- Abosamak NE
- Abou Chaar MK
- Abou Chaar Mohammad K.
- Abou-Khalil J
- Abouassi A
- Aboulkassem H
- Abreu da Silva A
- Abu Za’nouneh FJ
- Abu J
- Abu-Nayla I
- Abubakar A
- Abukhalaf Sadi
- Acebes García F
- Achalandabaso Boira M
- Acher A
- Acrich E
- Adamina M
- Adamina Michel
- Adamoli L
- Addae-Boateng E
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji O
- Aderombi A
- Adeyeye A
- Adiamah A
- Adishesh M
- Agapov M
- Agarwal Arnav
- Aggarwal A
- Aghayeva A
- Agilinko J
- Agnes A
- Agostini C
- Agoston P
- Agrawal A
- Agresta F
- Aguado H
- Aguilar Gonzalez M
- Aguzzoli L
- Ahad S
- Ahmadi N
- Ahmeidat A
- Ahn JH
- Aiken T
- Aimé A
- Ajlan A
- Akalin M
- Akaydin E
- Akeel N
- Akgor U
- Akhtar MA
- Akhter Rahman MM
- Akilli H
- Akin E
- Akkour K
- Akkulak Murat
- Akmenkalne L
- Al Abdallah M
- Al Awwad S
- Al Habes H
- Al Maadany FS
- Al Raddadi R
- AL Sayed M
- Al-Habib A
- Al-Habsi R
- Al-Ishaq Z
- Al-Khayal K
- Al-Masri M
- Al-Mohammad A
- Al-mukhtar A
- Al-Najjar H
- Al-omishy H
- Al-Sarireh B
- Al-Tamimi Y
- Alaa S
- AlAamer O
- Aladeojebi A
- Alakaloko Felix
- Alam F
- Alam N
- Alam R
- Alameer Ehab
- Alamri A
- Alamri Alex
- Alanbuki A
- Alatar A
- Alawneh F
- Alazawi D
- Albertsmeier M
- Albertsmeiers Markus
- Albi Martin B
- Alburakan A
- Alcaide Matas F
- Alconchel F
- Aldayri Z
- Aldecoa Ansorregui I
- Alderson Derek
- Aldokali N
- Aleksić L
- Alemanno G
- Alexoudi V
- Alfaro-Goldaracena A
- Alfieri S
- Alghamdi M
- Alhalal H
- Alhamed A
- Alharthi M
- Alharthi R
- Alhassan B
- Alhassan N
- Alhefdhi A
- Ali karar AA
- Ali AK
- Ali M
- Ali S
- Aliyeva Z
- Aljanadi F
- Aljiffry M
- Alkadeeki GZ
- Alkarak S
- Allemand C
- Allison J
- Almalik O
- Almasri M
- Almeciga A
- Almeida A
- Almeida AC
- Almeida JI
- Almgla N
- Almond M
- Almond Max
- Alnumani T
- Alobeed O
- Alomair A
- Alonso de la Fuente N
- Alonso Poza A
- Alonso-Lamberti L
- Alotaibi N
- Alqannas M
- Alresaini F
- Alriyees L
- Alsaif A
- Alsaif F
- Alsalamah R
- Alsaraireh O
- Alselaim N
- Alser Osaid
- Alshaar Muhammad
- Alshahrani M
- Alshammari S
- Alshareea E
- Alsharif F
- Alshaygy I
- Alshryda Sattar
- Alsobhi S
- Althobaiti W
- Altintoprak F
- Alurralde C
- Alvarez E
- Alvarez MR
- Alyami M
- Alzamanan M
- Amaral MJ
- Ameerally P
- Amin Sahid N
- Amira G
- Amonkar S
- Amorim E
- Ampollini L
- Amrani L
- Anania G
- Anastasi A
- Anchuelo Latorre J
- Andaleeb U
- Andaya V
- Andrade AK
- Andrade R
- Andrijasevic S
- Aneke IA
- Ang K
- Angele M
- Angelou D
- Angelou K
- Annamalai S
- Annessi V
- Ansarin M
- Anthoulakis C
- Antic A
- Antic S
- Antonakis P
- Antoniades K
- Antonopoulou MI
- Anula R
- Anwar S
- Anzak A
- Aoun S
- Aprile A
- Aquila F
- Aragon Achig EJ
- Aremu I
- Aremu M
- Aresu G
- Aribi N
- Aribi S
- Arican C
- Arif T
- Arigoni M
- Arikan AE
- Arkadopoulos N
- Arkha Y
- Armao T
- Armatura G
- Arminio A
- Arnaud Alexis P
- Arrangoiz R
- Arrowsmith L
- Artigues E
- Arulanantham A
- Asaad P
- Ascensão J
- Ashcroft J
- Ashmore C
- Ashoush F
- Askari A
- Asqalan A
- Assaf M
- Assalaarachchi H
- Asti E
- Astreidis I
- Ataíde Gomes Gustavo Mendonça
- Athanasakis E
- Athanasiou A
- Athayde Nemésio R
- Atherton R
- Athwal R
- Atta R
- Attia D
- Augestad Knut Magne
- Avci EK
- Avlund T
- Awad S
- Ayasra F
- Ayasra Faris
- Ayasra Y
- Aydin C
- Ayhan A
- Ayman A
- Ayorinde J
- Aytac E
- Ayub B
- Ayubi A
- Azam M
- Azamat İF
- Azevedo C
- Azevedo J
- Azevedo José
- Azevedo P
- Azizeldine MG
- Azizi A
- Azzam AY
- Baaij J
- Babar MS
- Baca B
- Bacon A
- Badalamenti G
- Badellino E
- Badra R
- Baena Sanfeliu E
- Baeza Pintado N
- Bagraith K
- Baia M
- Baiao JM
- Baietti AM
- Baig M
- Bailón M
- Bajomo O
- Baker A
- Baker C
- Baker O
- Bakmaz B
- Bakolas G
- Balabel M
- Balakrishnan A
- Balasubramaniam D
- Balasubramanian I
- Baldari L
- Baldi C
- Baldini E
- Balercia P
- Balik E
- Ballabio M
- Ballal M
- Ballouhey Q
- Baloyiannis I
- Ban VS
- Bandara GBK
- Bandiera A
- Bandovas JP
- Banerjee A
- Bankhead-Kendall Brittany K
- Banky B
- Banting S
- Baptista VH
- Barabasz M
- Barbier L
- Bardet J
- Barisic G
- Barker D
- Barlow Emma
- Barmasse R
- Barmayehvar B
- Barnard S
- Barod Ravi
- Baron R
- Barra F
- Barrabe A
- Barrat B
- Barrett J
- Barrett-Brown ZM
- Barrios O
- Barry C
- Barry M
- Bartalucci B
- Bartolini I
- Bartolucci P
- Bascarevic V
- Basendowah M
- Bashir Y
- Bass G
- Bassi C
- Bates H
- Bath M
- Batistotti P
- Batjer HH
- Batstone M
- Batstone Martin
- Battista MJ
- Bauer M
- Baumber R
- Baxevanidou K
- Baxter K
- Bayhan Z
- Baía C
- Bačić G
- Beamish A
- Beard David
- Beasley N
- Beatson K
- Becerra García FC
- Bechri H
- Becker R
- Beech N
- Bekele D
- Bekheit M
- Belcher E
- Belia F
- Belkhadir ZH
- Bellacci A
- Bellanti L
- Belli A
- Bello J
- Bellora P
- Belluco C
- Beltramini GA
- Beltrán de Heredia J
- Belvedere A
- Benavides Buleje JA
- Benkabbou A
- Bennetts J
- Benson O
- Benson Ruth A
- Bergamini C
- Bergeat D
- Bergonzani M
- Bernal-Sprekelsen JC
- Bernante P
- Bernardi D
- Bernasconi M
- Bernon M
- Berry R
- Berselli M
- Bertelli G
- Bertoglio P
- Bertolani E
- Bertoli G
- Bescós C
- Beswick D
- Bettoni J
- Betz CS
- Bewarder J
- Beyer K
- Beyrne C
- Bezede C
- Bhalla A
- Bhangu A
- Bhangu Aneel A
- Bhangu Aneel A.
- Bhasin S
- Bhatti MI
- Biala M
- Bianchini M
- Bianco F
- Biasini M
- Biasoni D
- Bichoo R
- Biel Juan Rey
- Bigay K
- Bilgin IA
- Billè A
- Bin Nasser A
- Bin Traiki T
- Biondi A
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- Bissolotti G
- Blackwell L
- Blake D
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- Blanco-Colino Ruth
- Blas Laina JL
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- Blazer D
- Blazquez Martin A
- Boal M
- Bobiński M
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- Bocchialini G
- Bocciolone L
- Boddaert G
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- Boeck MA
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- Bogani G
- Bogdanović I
- Bokhari A
- Boland M
- Bolster-van Eenennaam M
- Bolt J
- Bonavina G
- Bonavina L
- Bonci E
- Bond-Smith G
- Bondurri A
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- Borghi F
- Borgonovo G
- Bork U
- Borroni G
- Bortolasi L
- Bouchagier K
- Bouche P
- Boucher S
- Bouliaris K
- Boulton A
- Bourke G
- Boussedra S
- Boutall A
- Boutros M
- Bowden J
- Bowman S
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- Boyd-Carson H
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- Bozanovic T
- Bozkırlı B
- Bozkurt E
- Bozkurt MA
- Brachini G
- Bradshaw L
- Bradulskis S
- Bramis K
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- Branquinho A
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- Breik O
- Bretherton Chris
- Brewer H
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- on behalf of the COVIDSurg Collaborative
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- Publication venue
- American Society of Clinical Oncology
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19
- Author
- Abd Elghafar Mohamed S.
- Abdel-Aziz Mahmoud
- Abdelrazik Marwa
- Abdollahi Hamed
- Abdullah T.
- Abecasis Goncalo
- Abedalthagafi M.
- Abel Lynn
- Abernathy C.
- Abraheem Azmeralde
- Abul-Husn Noura S.
- Acquilini D.
- Adams C.
- Adams Emma L.
- Adams K.
- Adamsara Alireza
- Adanini Olurenke
- Adeleye O.
- Adra D.
- Afilalo J.
- Afilalo M.
- Afolabi D.
- Afrasiabi Z.
- Agasou A.
- Agrawal Shruti
- Agüero D.
- Ahmad N.
- Ahmadi Saeideh
- Ahmed A.
- Ahmed Cecilia
- Akeroyd L.
- Akhtar M.N.
- Akinkugbe O.
- Aksentijevich Alexandra
- Al-Afghani H.
- Al-Awdah L.
- Alaamery M.
- Alahmadey Z.Z.
- Alaverdian D.
- Alavere H.
- Albader A.
- Albaiceta G.M.
- Albakri J.K.
- AlBardis H.
- Albeladi M.
- Albesher N.
- Albrich W.
- AlDhawi N.
- Aldridge J.
- Aleagha Afshar Etemadi
- Alexander Peter.
- Alfonso J.
- Alghamdi B.
- Alghamdi J.
- Ali A.
- Ali Altaf
- Ali I.A.M.
- Ali Syamlan
- Aliannejad Rasoul
- Aljawini N.
- AlJohani S.
- Alkwai S.
- Allan A.
- Allan E.
- Allan J.
- Alldis Zoe
- Allen L.
- Allen Meryem
- Allen Schvearn
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- Allison K.S.
- Allos R.
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- Cho Judy H.
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- Zöllner S.
- Åsvold Bjørn Olav
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Altres ajuts: Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC); Illumina; LifeArc; Medical Research Council (MRC); UKRI; Sepsis Research (the Fiona Elizabeth Agnew Trust); the Intensive Care Society, Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (223164/Z/21/Z); BBSRC Institute Program Support Grant to the Roslin Institute (BBS/E/D/20002172, BBS/E/D/10002070, BBS/E/D/30002275); UKRI grants (MC_PC_20004, MC_PC_19025, MC_PC_1905, MRNO2995X/1); UK Research and Innovation (MC_PC_20029); the Wellcome PhD training fellowship for clinicians (204979/Z/16/Z); the Edinburgh Clinical Academic Track (ECAT) programme; the National Institute for Health Research, the Wellcome Trust; the MRC; Cancer Research UK; the DHSC; NHS England; the Smilow family; the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (CTSA award number UL1TR001878); the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; National Institute on Aging (NIA U01AG009740); the National Institute on Aging (RC2 AG036495, RC4 AG039029); the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the National Institutes of Health; NCI; NHGRI; NHLBI; NIDA; NIMH; NINDS.Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care or hospitalization after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes-including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)-in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Aboyans Victor
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R.M.
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alemu Biresaw wassihun
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Ariani Filippo
- Armoon Bahram
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh d.Wahbi
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barrero Lope H.
- Barthelemy Celine M.
- Barua Lingkan
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bayati Mohsen
- Becker Jacob S.
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Bell Michellr L.
- Bennitt Fiona B.
- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Berhe Kidanemaryam
- Berman Adam E.
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat
- Biondi Antonio
- Birihane Binyam Minuye
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitew Helen
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bohluli Mehdi
- Boon-Dooley Alexandra S.
- Borges Guilherme
- Borzouei Shiva
- Borzì Antonio Maria
- Bosetti Cristina
- Boufous Soufiane
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Breitborde Nicholas J.K.
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Briant Paul Svitil
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle B.
- Bryazka Dana
- Bumgarner Blair R.
- Burkart Katrin
- Burnett Richard Thomas
- Burugina Nagaraja Sharath
- Butt Zahid A.
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Béjot Yannick
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Cahill Leah E.
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R.
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J.
- Carvalho Felix
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A.
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Castro Franz
- Causey Kate
- Cederroth Christopher R.
- Cercy Kelly M.
- Cerin Ester
- Chandan Joht Singh
- Chang Kai Lan
- Charlson Fiona J.
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chaturvedi Sarika
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Cho Daniel Youngwhan
- Choi Jee Young Jasmine
- Christensen Hanne
- Chu Dinh Toi
- Chung Michael T.
- Chung Sheng Chia
- Cicuttini Flavia M.
- Ciobanu Liliana G.
- Cirillo Massimo
- Classen Thomas Khaled Dwayne
- Cohen Aaron J.
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Peer reviewe
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Aboyans Victor
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R.M.
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
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- Hosseini Mostafa
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- Miazgowski Bartosz
- Miazgowski Tomasz
- Michalek Irmina Maria
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- Misganaw Awoke Temesgen
- Mithra Prasanna
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- Mohammad Gholi Mezerji Naser
- Mohammad Dara K.
- Mohammad Yousef
- Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohammed Ammas Siraj
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- Mohammed Jemal Abdu
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- Molokhia Mariam
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Mooney Meghan D.
- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi Masoud
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moradzadeh Rahmatollah
- Moraga Paula
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- Nguyen Huong Lan Thi
- Nguyen Minh
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- Nikbakhsh Rajan
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- Norrving Bo
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- Nunez-Samudio Virginia
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- Okunga Emmanuel Wandera
- Oladnabi Morteza
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- Pennini Alyssa
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- Pesudovs Konrad
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- Piccinelli Cristiano
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- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Nima
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- Rhinehart Phoebe Anne
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
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- Ribeiro Daniela
- Rickard Jennifer
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- Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia
- Roever Leonardo
- Ronfani Luca
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- Sabour Siamak
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- Saeedi Reza
- Safari Yahya
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
- Salam Nasir
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- Salem Hosni
- Salem Marwa R.Rashad
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
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- Samadi Kafil Hossein
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- Santos João Vasco
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- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
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- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
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- Shafaat Omid
- Shahabi Saeed
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- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shalash Ali S.
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shin Min Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Sierpinski Radoslaw
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- Silva João Pedro
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- Singh Jasvinder A.
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- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Skou Søren T.Skou
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- Soheili Amin
- Soltani Shahin
- Soofi Moslem
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- Soriano Joan B.
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
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- Srinivasan Vinay
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- Stein Dan J.
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Straif Kurt
- Stubbs Jacob L.
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Suliankatchi Abdulkader Rizwan
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Szumowski Łukasz
- Sánchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Taherkhani Amir
- Tajdini Masih
- Takahashi Ken
- Takala Jukka S.
- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Taveira Nuno
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Temsah Mohamad Hani
- Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thurston George D.
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto Roberto
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tudor Car Lorainne
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Vacante Marco
- Valdez Pascual R.
- van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan Pang
- Watson Alexandrea
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y.Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Jordan
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wolfe Charles D.A.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai Min
- Wu Junjie
- Wulf Hanson Sarah
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zahirian Moghadam Telma
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R.M.
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 17/10/2020
- Field of study
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation