PROYECTO DE DESARROLLO ENDÓGENO DEL MUNICIPIO VENEZUELA: IMPACTO Y/O SOSTENIBILIDAD

El Proyecto de Desarrollo Endógeno en el municipio de Venezuela, desde su puesta en práctica provocó expectativas en la población local, la que en su imaginario constituía un cambio radical en las condiciones económicas, ambientales con repercusión importante en las de vida. El artículo analiza las condicionantes socioculturales que condujeron en la primera etapa de su implementación a un impacto negativo, se elabora una campaña de propaganda que, a través de su lanzamiento, contribuye al mejoramiento del impacto político y sociocultural en los pobladores de una de las comunidades beneficiadas con el fin de transmitirles conocimientos y valores que posibilitan hacerlos partícipes, al vivenciar al hombre de este proyecto. Se basa en una investigación exploratoria-descriptiva a partir de la importancia del tema y sus antecedentes históricos y la problemática generada que se apoya en métodos y técnicas del nivel teórico, empírico y procedimientos estadísticos. Se hace referencia a fundamentos que sustentan la campaña y se analizan los resultados del diagnóstico del estado de la propaganda política del Proyecto de Desarrollo Endógeno. Culmina con ejemplos de las  acciones diseñadas para la campaña

Validation and Application of an Instrument to Assess Attitudes and Difficulties that Forensic Science Students Present during Forensic Practice

Abstract The School of Forensic Science of the Universidad National Autonomous of Mexico was created in 2013. Internationally, no publications were found in which the students respond to experiences posed by certain activities during their forensic practice. A Likert style instrument was developed and was validated with 269 medical students, and subject to analysis of reliability to determine the alpha de Cronbach and Varimax factor analysis, then it was applied 56 forensic science students. Results: an Alpha of.732 and it explained 47.7% of the total variance in six components: motivation, negative reactions, anxiety somatization, perceptions, aversion, and professional profile. Over 70% regarded their practice in a positive way leaving 20 to 30% with doubts and conflicts. Conclusions. While the group under study is small, the results open an important field to explore the personality that these future professionals have and if necessary to offer appropriate help to overcome these problems

El papel de la enseñanza de la historia en el desarrollo comunicativo del profesional de la salud / The Role of History teaching in the communicative development of the Health Professional

El presente trabajo introduce el tema en cuestión a partir del análisis de diferentes postulados teóricos sobre la comunicación y la importancia de la enseñanza de la Historia con estos propósitos, en el contexto de la formación médica, que sirvió de base para el análisis documental y la elaboración de dos instrumentos que se aplicaron corroborando la necesidad de crear vías para el desarrollo de la comunicación, y la efectividad de la experiencia aplicada desde el Programa de Historia de Cuba III en 4to año de la carrera de Medicina respectivamente. Para el desarrollo de estos propósitos se fundamentaron  teóricamente las potencialidades de la enseñanza de la asignatura y se ofreció un modelo recurrente que constituyó el estilo metodológico con que se impartieron las 16 actividades docentes  del programa para dar cumplimiento al objetivo propuesto, demostrando que el diseño de las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje debe estar encaminado a construir eslabones para el desarrollo de la comunicación, donde la enseñanza de la Historia constituya un fuerte puntal en este propósito, además de contribuir a solucionar los problemas de comunicación que afloren en el período de formación médica e incorpore habilidades, métodos y conocimientos al desarrollo del método clínico, cuyos resultados se evidenciaron en el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del instrumento aplicado .Palabras Clave: HISTORIA, ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA, COMUNICACIÓN, CUBA. ABSTRACT The present work is based on the teaching of History  from the analysis of different  theoretical postulates on communication  and the importance of  History teaching in the medical context,  which was used as a base  for the documented analysis and the creation of two instruments which were applied,  demonstrating the necessity of means  for the development of communication  and the effectiveness of the applied training  from the Cuban History III in the 4 academic year of Medical major. With these purposes the possibilities of the subject teaching were based theoretically  and it was offered a recurrent model which  constituted  the methodological style used for teaching 16 teaching activities of the program  fulfilling the proposed objective  which demonstrated  that the design of the teaching- learning strategies must be directed to create links  for the development of  communication  where the History teaching is a strong  support  and it also contributes to solve  the communication problems  which emerge in the medical formation period  and gives training , methods and knowledges of the clinical method development whose results  were evidenced in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the applied instrument. Key words: HISTORY, MEDICAL STUDENTS, COMMUNICATION, CUBA

El papel de la enseñanza de la historia en el desarrollo comunicativo del profesional de la salud / The Role of History teaching in the communicative development of the Health Professional

El presente trabajo introduce el tema en cuestión a partir del análisis de diferentes postulados teóricos sobre la comunicación y la importancia de la enseñanza de la Historia con estos propósitos, en el contexto de la formación médica, que sirvió de base para el análisis documental y la elaboración de dos instrumentos que se aplicaron corroborando la necesidad de crear vías para el desarrollo de la comunicación, y la efectividad de la experiencia aplicada desde el Programa de Historia de Cuba III en 4to año de la carrera de Medicina respectivamente. Para el desarrollo de estos propósitos se fundamentaron  teóricamente las potencialidades de la enseñanza de la asignatura y se ofreció un modelo recurrente que constituyó el estilo metodológico con que se impartieron las 16 actividades docentes  del programa para dar cumplimiento al objetivo propuesto, demostrando que el diseño de las estrategias de enseñanza aprendizaje debe estar encaminado a construir eslabones para el desarrollo de la comunicación, donde la enseñanza de la Historia constituya un fuerte puntal en este propósito, además de contribuir a solucionar los problemas de comunicación que afloren en el período de formación médica e incorpore habilidades, métodos y conocimientos al desarrollo del método clínico, cuyos resultados se evidenciaron en el análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del instrumento aplicado .Palabras Clave: HISTORIA, ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA, COMUNICACIÓN, CUBA. ABSTRACT The present work is based on the teaching of History  from the analysis of different  theoretical postulates on communication  and the importance of  History teaching in the medical context,  which was used as a base  for the documented analysis and the creation of two instruments which were applied,  demonstrating the necessity of means  for the development of communication  and the effectiveness of the applied training  from the Cuban History III in the 4 academic year of Medical major. With these purposes the possibilities of the subject teaching were based theoretically  and it was offered a recurrent model which  constituted  the methodological style used for teaching 16 teaching activities of the program  fulfilling the proposed objective  which demonstrated  that the design of the teaching- learning strategies must be directed to create links  for the development of  communication  where the History teaching is a strong  support  and it also contributes to solve  the communication problems  which emerge in the medical formation period  and gives training , methods and knowledges of the clinical method development whose results  were evidenced in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the applied instrument. Key words: HISTORY, MEDICAL STUDENTS, COMMUNICATION, CUBA

Glycoprotein Ib activation by thrombin stimulates the energy metabolism in human platelets

<div><p>Thrombin-induced platelet activation requires substantial amounts of ATP. However, the specific contribution of each ATP-generating pathway <i>i</i>.<i>e</i>., oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) versus glycolysis and the biochemical mechanisms involved in the thrombin-induced activation of energy metabolism remain unclear. Here we report an integral analysis on the role of both energy pathways in human platelets activated by several agonists, and the signal transducing mechanisms associated with such activation. We found that thrombin, Trap-6, arachidonic acid, collagen, A23187, epinephrine and ADP significantly increased glycolytic flux (3–38 times <i>vs</i>. non-activated platelets) whereas ristocetin was ineffective. OxPhos (33 times) and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (88%) were increased only by thrombin. OxPhos was the main source of ATP in thrombin-activated platelets, whereas in platelets activated by any of the other agonists, glycolysis was the principal ATP supplier. In order to establish the biochemical mechanisms involved in the thrombin-induced OxPhos activation in platelets, several signaling pathways associated with mitochondrial activation were analyzed. Wortmannin and LY294002 (PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors), ristocetin and heparin (GPIb inhibitors) as well as resveratrol, ATP (calcium-release inhibitors) and PP1 (Tyr-phosphorylation inhibitor) prevented the thrombin-induced platelet activation. These results suggest that thrombin activates OxPhos and glycolysis through GPIb-dependent signaling involving PI3K and Akt activation, calcium mobilization and protein phosphorylation.</p></div

What's pain like?

La utilización de la terminología médica en inglés es vital para el desarrollo de las actividades docentes de los estudiantes de 4to. y 5to. año de Medicina y, sobre todo, en las actividades de Educación para el trabajo  que están estipuladas en el programa de las asignaturas Inglés VII, VIII, IX y X.Dentro de ella se encuentra la descripción de la sensación de dolor que incluye un amplio vocabulario que no aparece en los libros de texto de inglés, por lo cual realizamos una revisión minuciosa del tema.Este glosario contiene cincuenta y cinco términos actualizados, asociados con la sensación de dolor y sus equivalentes en Español, así como sesenta y ocho enfermedades o entidades, en las que aparece este léxico. Esta terminología es necesaria para los estudiantes como parte de su entrenamiento docente en inglés, considerando los objetivos de salida del médico general básico.Palabras claves: Dolor, Educación en el trabajo.</span

Un discurrir en el hábitat más íntimo del ser [humano]

¿Qué es una Casa? ¿Qué significa LA CASA? Resulta muy diferente definir LA CASA en términos de concepto que definirla en términos de significado. En la Psicología, se utilizan dos términos relacionados con cada objeto: significado y significante. El significado hace referencia al concepto en sí y, en ese sentido, una casa sería un lugar para habitar, es decir, “un techo encima de la cabeza”, en palabras del profesor mencionado por el editor de este libro. El significante, por su lado, hace referencia al sentido, a la representación mental, al símbolo, a la imagen, a la percepción que, de ese concepto, pueda construir cada persona y, en ese sentido, puede evocar otros conceptos como hogar, refugio, protección, unión, afecto, recuerdos, oportunidades, valores, sabores, olores, eventos, familia, pareja, realización, pasado, futuro, etc

Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Background Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for death and disability, but its overall association with health remains complex given the possible protective effects of moderate alcohol consumption on some conditions. With our comprehensive approach to health accounting within the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016, we generated improved estimates of alcohol use and alcohol-attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 195 locations from 1990 to 2016, for both sexes and for 5-year age groups between the ages of 15 years and 95 years and older. Methods Using 694 data sources of individual and population-level alcohol consumption, along with 592 prospective and retrospective studies on the risk of alcohol use, we produced estimates of the prevalence of current drinking, abstention, the distribution of alcohol consumption among current drinkers in standard drinks daily (defined as 10 g of pure ethyl alcohol), and alcohol-attributable deaths and DALYs. We made several methodological improvements compared with previous estimates: first, we adjusted alcohol sales estimates to take into account tourist and unrecorded consumption; second, we did a new meta-analysis of relative risks for 23 health outcomes associated with alcohol use; and third, we developed a new method to quantify the level of alcohol consumption that minimises the overall risk to individual health. Findings Globally, alcohol use was the seventh leading risk factor for both deaths and DALYs in 2016, accounting for 2.2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 1.5-3.0) of age-standardised female deaths and 6.8% (5.8-8.0) of age-standardised male deaths. Among the population aged 15-49 years, alcohol use was the leading risk factor globally in 2016, with 3.8% (95% UI 3.2-4-3) of female deaths and 12.2% (10.8-13-6) of male deaths attributable to alcohol use. For the population aged 15-49 years, female attributable DALYs were 2.3% (95% UI 2.0-2.6) and male attributable DALYs were 8.9% (7.8-9.9). The three leading causes of attributable deaths in this age group were tuberculosis (1.4% [95% UI 1. 0-1. 7] of total deaths), road injuries (1.2% [0.7-1.9]), and self-harm (1.1% [0.6-1.5]). For populations aged 50 years and older, cancers accounted for a large proportion of total alcohol-attributable deaths in 2016, constituting 27.1% (95% UI 21.2-33.3) of total alcohol-attributable female deaths and 18.9% (15.3-22.6) of male deaths. The level of alcohol consumption that minimised harm across health outcomes was zero (95% UI 0.0-0.8) standard drinks per week. Interpretation Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and causes substantial health loss. We found that the risk of all-cause mortality, and of cancers specifically, rises with increasing levels of consumption, and the level of consumption that minimises health loss is zero. These results suggest that alcohol control policies might need to be revised worldwide, refocusing on efforts to lower overall population-level consumption.Peer reviewe

Microplates as a microreactor platform for microalgae research

High‐throughput platforms for microalgae screening are not yet commercially available. In this study, the feasibility of 96‐well microplates was analyzed for microalgae research. Equivalence among wells, as culture microreactors, was investigated in controlled high CO2 conditions. Specific growth rates of two microalgae species, Scenedesmus sp. UTEX1589 and an environmental isolate, were significantly higher in border wells than in internal positions. Furthermore, growth rate gradients analyzed as contours throughout the platform were observed for Scenedesmus sp. However, the output variable exhibited high precision associated with a low coefficient of variation (CV), between 6.8 and 7.8%. In a demonstrative experiment to determine the effect of culture media dilution on six microalgae species, treatments were randomized in the central subset of a microplate. Results were consistent and statistically sound (CV 9.4–12.9%), and showed that microalgae species could grow with no detrimental effect in 50% (v/v) dilution of the culture medium. Provided border wells exclusion and a randomized design, 96‐well microplates are a practical and statistical robust platform for microalgae research