La identificación visual del resto de la división con números decimales como obstáculo epistemológico

La identificación visual del resto de la división con números decimales, como si se tratase de una división de números naturales, constituye un obstáculo epistemológico, cuyas características han sido constatadas a partir de la investigación realizada con una muestra de 151 alumnos de secundaria y bachillerato en la comunidad de Madrid. Se analizan los conflictos entre la imagen conceptual y la definición del concepto de resto de una división, mostrando la fuerza que tiene la imagen sobre la definición, apoyada en otro obstáculo epistemológico. Solo un grupo reducido de alumnos manifiesta una correcta adquisición del concepto “resto de la división de números decimales” al reflejar la coherencia entre la imagen conceptual y la definición del concepto

Valoración del paciente geriátrico en el servicio de medicina interna

Introduction: The increase in the population of the elderly, added to the increase in pluripatology and polypharmacy, makes their admission to hospitals more and more frequent. Objectives: To establish the profile of the geriatric patient older than 75 years, with pluripatology and treated in the Internal Medicine Unit of the Virgen de la Concha Hospital. Analyze the results of the functional assessment through the Barthel scale. Identify the social situation through the Gijón scale. Methods: Retrospective observational study in the internal medicine hospitalization unit over a year. Descriptive analysis of variables: demographic (age, sex); functional capacity and social assessment. The data obtained from the Gacela Care software application. Results: 1285 admissions were made, with an average age of 78 years. A sample of 915 patients ≥75 years old was obtained, with a mean age of 85.9 ± 5.4 years (75-101), mode 89 and median 86 years. 43.5% are ≥85 years. 53.11% women and 46.88% men. Average hospital stay 7.4 ± 5.2 days (0-66). Dependency assessment: 38.57% with total dependence (62.32% women); 9.61% severe dependence (54.54% women); 15.19% moderate dependence (54.67% women); 26.22% mild dependence (47.08% women); 10.38% independent (30.56% women). Social situation: 28.80% without risk (64.63% women); 60.30% good social situation (47.37% women); 6.2% average social situation (56.60% women); and 4.68% severe social deterioration (52.5% women) Conclusions: The profile of the patients studied approximates that of “geriatric patient”. The highest percentage presents a level of total dependence, causing greater demand for care and resources. There are few patients with severe social impairment. There are a greater number of total dependent patients without institutionalizing. Therefore, the burden of care for these patients is carried out by family members from home, justifying the importance of the assessment of caregivers and evaluation of resources related to family overload and primary caregiver.Introducción: El aumento de la población de personas mayores, añadido al aumento de pluripatología y polifarmacia, hace cada vez más frecuente su ingreso en los hospitales. Objetivos: Establecer el perfil del paciente geriátrico mayor de 75 años, con pluripatología y atendido en la Unidad de Medicina Interna del Hospital Virgen de la Concha. Analizar los resultados de la valoración funcional a través de la escala Barthel. Identificar la situación social a través de la escala Gijón. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en la unidad de hospitalización de medicina interna a lo largo de un año. Análisis descriptivo de variables: demográficas (edad, sexo); capacidad funcional y la valoración social. Los datos obtenidos del aplicativo informático Gacela Care. Resultados: Se realizaron 1285 ingresos, con una media de edad de 78 años. Se obtuvo una muestra de 915 pacientes ≥75años, con una media de edad de 85,9±5,4años (75-101), moda 89 y mediana 86 años. El 43,5% son ≥85años. 53,11% mujeres y 46,88% hombres. Estancia media de hospitalización 7,4±5,2días (0-66). Valoración de dependencia: 38,57% con dependencia total (62,32% mujeres);9,61% dependencia grave (54,54% mujeres); 15,19% dependencia moderada (54,67% mujeres); 26,22% dependencia leve (47,08% mujeres); 10,38% independientes (30,56% mujeres). Situación social: 28,80%sin riesgo (64,63%mujeres); 60,30%situación social buena (47,37%mujeres); 6,2% situación social media (56,60%mujeres); y el 4,68% deterioro social severo (52,5% mujeres) Conclusiones: El perfil de los pacientes estudiados se aproxima al de “paciente geriátrico”. El mayor porcentaje presenta un nivel de dependencia total, provocando mayor demanda de cuidados y de recursos. Existen pocos pacientes con deterioro social severo. Hay un mayor número de pacientes  dependientes totales sin institucionalizar. Por lo que la carga de cuidados de estos pacientes la realizan familiares desde el domicilio, justificando la importancia de la valoración de los cuidadores y evaluación de los recursos referidos a la sobrecarga de familias y cuidador principal

Research Group on Earth Observation, Geological Risks and Climate Change (OBTIER)

[EN] Within the framework of the IGME-CSIC Department of Geological Hazards and Climate Change, the OBTIER research group was created in July 2021 and currently has 22 members, including scientific and technical staff, as well as young people with contracts linked to competitive national and international research projects. The main objective of the group is to provide society with scientific information, methods, tools and solutions to mitigate the impact of geohazards and the effects of Climate Change. OBTIER is currently leading 6 competitive projects (4 European and 2 national), as well as several projects in agreement with other national and international administrations. It is an active member of the EuroGeoSurveys Earth Observation Expert Group and the ASGMI Geological Hazards Group. OBTIER offers society a wide range of capabilities on: earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, land subsidence, volcanic eruptions, droughts and floods. In 2021, the group published an article in Science entitled: Mapping the global threat of land subsidence with significant media coverage around the world.Peer reviewe

Analysis of the common genetic component of large-vessel vasculitides through a meta- Immunochip strategy

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) are major forms of large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) that share clinical features. To evaluate their genetic similarities, we analysed Immunochip genotyping data from 1,434 LVV patients and 3,814 unaffected controls. Genetic pleiotropy was also estimated. The HLA region harboured the main disease-specific associations. GCA was mostly associated with class II genes (HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) whereas TAK was mostly associated with class I genes (HLA-B/MICA). Both the statistical significance and effect size of the HLA signals were considerably reduced in the cross-disease meta-analysis in comparison with the analysis of GCA and TAK separately. Consequently, no significant genetic correlation between these two diseases was observed when HLA variants were tested. Outside the HLA region, only one polymorphism located nearby the IL12B gene surpassed the study-wide significance threshold in the meta-analysis of the discovery datasets (rs755374, P?=?7.54E-07; ORGCA?=?1.19, ORTAK?=?1.50). This marker was confirmed as novel GCA risk factor using four additional cohorts (PGCA?=?5.52E-04, ORGCA?=?1.16). Taken together, our results provide evidence of strong genetic differences between GCA and TAK in the HLA. Outside this region, common susceptibility factors were suggested, especially within the IL12B locus

A genome-wide association study identifies risk alleles in plasminogen and P4HA2 associated with giant cell arteritis

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common form of vasculitis in individuals older than 50 years in Western countries. To shed light onto the genetic background influencing susceptibility for GCA, we performed a genome-wide association screening in a well-powered study cohort. After imputation, 1,844,133 genetic variants were analysed in 2,134 cases and 9,125 unaffected controls from ten independent populations of European ancestry. Our data confirmed HLA class II as the strongest associated region (independent signals: rs9268905, P = 1.94E-54, per-allele OR = 1.79; and rs9275592, P = 1.14E-40, OR = 2.08). Additionally, PLG and P4HA2 were identified as GCA risk genes at the genome-wide level of significance (rs4252134, P = 1.23E-10, OR = 1.28; and rs128738, P = 4.60E-09, OR = 1.32, respectively). Interestingly, we observed that the association peaks overlapped with different regulatory elements related to cell types and tissues involved in the pathophysiology of GCA. PLG and P4HA2 are involved in vascular remodelling and angiogenesis, suggesting a high relevance of these processes for the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this type of vasculitis

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

A Large-Scale Genetic Analysis Reveals a Strong Contribution of the HLA Class II Region to Giant Cell Arteritis Susceptibility

We conducted a large-scale genetic analysis on giant cell arteritis (GCA), a polygenic immune-mediated vasculitis. A case-control cohort, comprising 1,651 case subjects with GCA and 15,306 unrelated control subjects from six different countries of European ancestry, was genotyped by the Immunochip array. We also imputed HLA data with a previously validated imputation method to perform a more comprehensive analysis of this genomic region. The strongest association signals were observed in the HLA region, with rs477515 representing the highest peak (p = 4.05 × 10−40, OR = 1.73). A multivariate model including class II amino acids of HLA-DRβ1 and HLA-DQα1 and one class I amino acid of HLA-B explained most of the HLA association with GCA, consistent with previously reported associations of classical HLA alleles like HLA-DRB1∗04. An omnibus test on polymorphic amino acid positions highlighted DRβ1 13 (p = 4.08 × 10−43) and HLA-DQα1 47 (p = 4.02 × 10−46), 56, and 76 (both p = 1.84 × 10−45) as relevant positions for disease susceptibility. Outside the HLA region, the most significant loci included PTPN22 (rs2476601, p = 1.73 × 10−6, OR = 1.38), LRRC32 (rs10160518, p = 4.39 × 10−6, OR = 1.20), and REL (rs115674477, p = 1.10 × 10−5, OR = 1.63). Our study provides evidence of a strong contribution of HLA class I and II molecules to susceptibility to GCA. In the non-HLA region, we confirmed a key role for the functional PTPN22 rs2476601 variant and proposed other putative risk loci for GCA involved in Th1, Th17, and Treg cell function

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

Relationship of Weather Types on the Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall, Runoff, and Sediment Yield in the Western Mediterranean Basin

Rainfall is the key factor to understand soil erosion processes, mechanisms, and rates. Most research was conducted to determine rainfall characteristics and their relationship with soil erosion (erosivity) but there is little information about how atmospheric patterns control soil losses, and this is important to enable sustainable environmental planning and risk prevention. We investigated the temporal and spatial variability of the relationships of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield with atmospheric patterns (weather types, WTs) in the western Mediterranean basin. For this purpose, we analyzed a large database of rainfall events collected between 1985 and 2015 in 46 experimental plots and catchments with the aim to: (i) evaluate seasonal differences in the contribution of rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield produced by the WTs; and (ii) to analyze the seasonal efficiency of the different WTs (relation frequency and magnitude) related to rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield. The results indicate two different temporal patterns: the first weather type exhibits (during the cold period: autumn and winter) westerly flows that produce the highest rainfall, runoff, and sediment yield values throughout the territory; the second weather type exhibits easterly flows that predominate during the warm period (spring and summer) and it is located on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula. However, the cyclonic situations present high frequency throughout the whole year with a large influence extended around the western Mediterranean basin. Contrary, the anticyclonic situations, despite of its high frequency, do not contribute significantly to the total rainfall, runoff, and sediment (showing the lowest efficiency) because of atmospheric stability that currently characterize this atmospheric pattern. Our approach helps to better understand the relationship of WTs on the seasonal and spatial variability of rainfall, runoff and sediment yield with a regional scale based on the large dataset and number of soil erosion experimental stations.Spanish Government (Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO) and FEDER Projects: CGL2014 52135-C3-3-R, ESP2017-89463-C3-3-R, CGL2014-59946-R, CGL2015-65569-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-2-R, CGL2015-64284-C2-1-R, CGL2016-78075-P, GL2008-02879/BTE, LEDDRA 243857, RECARE-FP7, CGL2017-83866-C3-1-R, and PCIN-2017-061/AEI. Dhais Peña-Angulo received a “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral contract (FJCI-2017-33652 Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MEC). Ana Lucia acknowledge the "Brigitte-Schlieben-Lange-Programm". The “Geoenvironmental Processes and Global Change” (E02_17R) was financed by the Aragón Government and the European Social Fund. José Andrés López-Tarazón acknowledges the Secretariat for Universities and Research of the Department of the Economy and Knowledge of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia for supporting the Consolidated Research Group 2014 SGR 645 (RIUS- Fluvial Dynamics Research Group). Artemi Cerdà thank the funding of the OCDE TAD/CRP JA00088807. José Martínez-Fernandez acknowledges the project Unidad de Excelencia CLU-2018-04 co-funded by FEDER and Castilla y León Government. Ane Zabaleta is supported by the Hydro-Environmental Processes consolidated research group (IT1029-16, Basque Government). This paper has the benefit of the Lab and Field Data Pool created within the framework of the COST action CONNECTEUR (ES1306)