Multi-Scale Interactions of Microtearing Turbulence in the Tokamak Pedestal

Microtearing turbulence in an idealized pedestal scenario is found to saturate via zonal fields, while also exciting strong zonal flows; a concurrent upshift of the non-linear critical gradient is observed. The zonal flows cause electron-temperature-gradient-driven turbulence to be ameliorated. When applying resonant magnetic perturbations, the prompt charge loss off the flux surface erodes the zonal flow, leading to higher electron-scale fluxes, while leaving microtearing saturation physics unaffected.</p

The Herschel view of the environment of the radio galaxy 4C+41.17 at z = 3.8

We present Herschel observations at 70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 μm of the environment of the radio galaxy 4C+41.17 at z = 3.792. About 65 per cent of the extracted sources are securely identified with mid-infrared sources observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8 and 24 μm. We derive simple photometric redshifts, also including existing 850 and 1200 μm data, using templates of active galactic nuclei, starburst-dominated systems and evolved stellar populations. We find that most of the Herschel sources are foreground to the radio galaxy and therefore do not belong to a structure associated with 4C+41.17. We do, however, find that the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the closest (∼25 arcsec offset) source to the radio galaxy is fully consistent with being at the same redshift as 4C+41.17. We show that finding such a bright source that close to the radio galaxy at the same redshift is a very unlikely event, making the environment of 4C+41.17 a special case. We demonstrate that multiwavelength data, in particular on the Rayleigh–Jeans side of the SED, allow us to confirm or rule out the presence of protocluster candidates that were previously selected by single wavelength data setsPeer reviewe

Manageable creativity

This article notes a perception in mainstream management theory and practice that creativity has shifted from being disruptive or destructive to 'manageable'. This concept of manageable creativity in business is reflected in a similar rhetoric in cultural policy, especially towards the creative industries. The article argues that the idea of 'manageable creativity' can be traced back to a 'heroic' and a 'structural' model of creativity. It is argued that the 'heroic' model of creativity is being subsumed within a 'structural' model which emphasises the systems and infrastructure around individual creativity rather than focusing on raw talent and pure content. Yet this structured approach carries problems of its own, in particular a tendency to overlook the unpredictability of creative processes, people and products. Ironically, it may be that some confusion in our policies towards creativity is inevitable, reflecting the paradoxes and transitions which characterise the creative process

Reduced models for ETG transport in the pedestal

This paper reports on the development of reduced models for electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven transport in the pedestal. Model development is enabled by a set of 61 nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations with input parameters taken from the pedestals in a broad range of experimental scenarios. The simulation data has been consolidated in a new database for gyrokinetic simulation data, the Multiscale Gyrokinetic Database (MGKDB), facilitating the analysis. The modeling approach may be considered a generalization of the standard quasilinear mixing length procedure. The parameter η, the ratio of the density to temperature gradient scale length, emerges as the key parameter for formulating an effective saturation rule. With a single order-unity fitting coefficient, the model achieves an RMS error of 15%. A similar model for ETG particle flux is also described. We also present simple algebraic expressions for the transport informed by an algorithm for symbolic regression.</p

How do i know who you think you are? A review of research methods on organizational identity

The notion of organizational identity was introduced in management studies in 1985. In the following 25 years, a vibrant debate about how to conceptualize organizational identities and related themes (multiple identities, identity change, interrelations between identity, image and culture) does not seem to have corresponded to explicit reflections about specific methodological issues. In this paper, the authors inductively review research methods adopted by studies of organizational identity published in top-level journals, with the purpose of deriving insights about the current status of research practices, uncovering their often tacit ontological and epistemological assumptions, and stimulating discussion about their possible evolution

A multilevel neo-institutional analysis of infection prevention and control in English hospitals: coerced safety culture change?

Despite committed policy, regulative and professional efforts on healthcare safety, little is known about how such macro-interventions permeate organisations and shape culture over time. Informed by neo-institutional theory, we examined how inter-organisational influences shaped safety practices and inter-subjective meanings following efforts for coerced culture change. We traced macro-influences from 2000 to 2015 in infection prevention and control (IPC). Safety perceptions and meanings were inductively analysed from 130 in-depth qualitative interviews with senior- and middle-level managers from 30 English hospitals. A total of 869 institutional interventions were identified; 69% had a regulative component. In this context of forced implementation of safety practices, staff experienced inherent tensions concerning the scope of safety, their ability to be open and prioritisation of external mandates over local need. These tensions stemmed from conflicts among three co-existing institutional logics prevalent in the NHS. In response to requests for change, staff flexibly drew from a repertoire of cognitive, material and symbolic resources within and outside their organisations. They crafted 'strategies of action', guided by a situated assessment of first-hand practice experiences complementing collective evaluations of interventions such as 'pragmatic', 'sensible' and also 'legitimate'. Macro-institutional forces exerted influence either directly on individuals or indirectly by enriching the organisational cultural repertoire

Quench sensitivity of Al–Mg–Si alloys: A model for linear cooling and strengthening

In this work quench-induced precipitation during continuous cooling of five Al-Mg-Si alloys is studied over a wide range of cooling rates of 0.05 K/min - 2x10^4 K/min using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and hardness testing. The DSC data shows that the cooling reactions are dominated by a high temperature reaction (typically 500 °C down to 380 °C) and a lower temperature reaction (380 °C down to 250 °C), and the microstructural analysis shows they are Mg2Si phase formation and B’ phase precipitation on dispersoids, respectively. A new, physically-based model is designed to model the precipitation during the quenching as well as the strength after cooling and after subsequent age hardening. After fitting of parameters, the highly efficient model allows to predict accurately the measured quench sensitivity, the volume fractions of quench induced precipitates, enthalpy changes in the quenched sample and hardness value

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter