Jet-like correlations of heavy-flavor particles - from RHIC to LHC

Measurements at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory have revealed strong modification of the jet structure in high-energy heavy-ion collisions, which can be attributed to the interaction of hard scattered partons with the hot and dense QCD matter. The study of heavy-quark (charm and bottom) production in such collisions provides key tests of parton energy-loss models and, thus, yields profound insight into the properties of the produced matter. The high-pT yield of heavy-flavor decay electrons exhibits an unexpected large suppression. Since those single electrons have contributions from charm and bottom decays an experimental method is needed to investigate them separately. Heavy-flavor particle correlations provide information about the underlying production mechanism. In this contribution, a review on recent measurements on azimuthal correlations of single electrons and open charmed mesons at RHIC and perspectives of such measurements at the CERN-Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented. Moreover, it has been shown that next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD processes, such as gluon splitting, become important at LHC energies. It will be demonstrated how this contribution can be determined through the measurement of the charm content in jets.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, Proceedings of the 27th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Winter Park, Colorado, USA. To be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS

Measurement of pion, kaon and proton production in proton-proton collisions at s=7\sqrt{s}=7 TeV

The measurement of primary $\pi^{\pm}$, K$^{\pm}$, p and $\overline{p}$ production at mid-rapidity ($|y| <$ 0.5) in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV performed with ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is reported. Particle identification is performed using the specific ionization energy loss and time-of-flight information, the ring-imaging Cherenkov technique and the kink-topology identification of weak decays of charged kaons. Transverse momentum spectra are measured from 0.1 up to 3 GeV/$c$ for pions, from 0.2 up to 6 GeV/$c$ for kaons and from 0.3 up to 6 GeV/$c$ for protons. The measured spectra and particle ratios are compared with QCD-inspired models, tuned to reproduce also the earlier measurements performed at the LHC. Furthermore, the integrated particle yields and ratios as well as the average transverse momenta are compared with results at lower collision energies.Comment: 33 pages, 19 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 28, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/156

Heavy-flavor production and medium properties in high-energy nuclear collisions --What next?

Open and hidden heavy-flavor physics in high-energy nuclear collisions are entering a new and exciting stage towards reaching a clearer understanding of the new experimental results with the possibility to link them directly to the advancement in lattice Quantum Chromo-Dynamics (QCD). Recent results from experiments and theoretical developments regarding open and hidden heavy-flavor dynamics have been debated at the Lorentz Workshop Tomography of the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Heavy Quarks, which was held in October 2016 in Leiden, The Netherlands. In this contribution, we summarize identified common understandings and developed strategies for the upcoming five years, which aim at achieving a profound knowledge of the dynamical properties of the quark-gluon plasma

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Event-by-event fluctuations of the mean transverse momentum of charged particles produced in pp collisions at 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV, and Pb–Pb collisions at 2.76 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Dynamical fluctuations indicative of correlated particle emission are observed in all systems. The results in pp collisions show little dependence on collision energy. The Monte Carlo event generators PYTHIA and PHOJET are in qualitative agreement with the data. Peripheral Pb–Pb data exhibit a similar multiplicity dependence as that observed in pp. In central Pb–Pb, the results deviate from this trend, featuring a significant reduction of the fluctuation strength. The results in Pb–Pb are in qualitative agreement with previous measurements in Au–Au at lower collision energies and with expectations from models that incorporate collective phenomena

Effective Rheology of Bubbles Moving in a Capillary Tube

We calculate the average volumetric flux versus pressure drop of bubbles moving in a single capillary tube with varying diameter, finding a square-root relation from mapping the flow equations onto that of a driven overdamped pendulum. The calculation is based on a derivation of the equation of motion of a bubble train from considering the capillary forces and the entropy production associated with the viscous flow. We also calculate the configurational probability of the positions of the bubbles.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

A literacia científica e a literacia em leitura: um estudo de caso com alunos do nono ano

Tese de mestrado, Educação (Didáctica das Ciências), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, 2009Nas últimas décadas a literacia tem sido uma das áreas de incidência das Ciências da Educação pelas transformações sociais e culturais profundas que se produziram e que estão associadas a um crescimento exponencial da informação e da tecnologia. Estas transformações com frequência seguem-se a intensos debates acerca de possibilidades ecológicas, económicas, políticas e de impacto social para as quais os indivíduos devem apresentar um conjunto de convicções. Todas estas actividades constituem contextos ideais nos quais os alunos podem participar e tornarem-se activos. Este trabalho pretende assim ser um contributo para a tomada de decisão dos alunos, através de situações de contexto real recorrendo à literacia, de modo a reflectir a premência de uma maior articulação entre as áreas científicas e linguísticas, postulando-se assim a literacia como uma das grandes metas para o ensino e aprendizagem da ciência. Assumindo que, a partir dos resultados expressos através da implementação de uma unidade didáctica a alunos do nono ano de escolaridade, analisada à luz de uma metodologia de estudo de caso ser-se cientificamente literado constitui um longo processo que se inicia através das práticas do professor e contexto de sala de aula, sendo que todo este processo de ensino-aprendizagem em ciência pode e deve ser usado para desenvolver competências associadas à leitura e escrita – literacia em leitura. Este trabalho propõe assim a implementação de um tipo de material de ensino aprendizagem accionado para o desenvolvimento da literacia científica dos alunos e que não descura e considera a proposta de actividades de leitura e escrita – literacia em leitura – constituindo-se esta, como uma ferramenta que se considera relevante na aprendizagem de ciências e a partir da qual os alunos e professores podem beneficiar em muitos aspectos.In the last decades, literacy has been one of the main areas of Education, due to the profound social and cultural changes that have occurred and that have bee associated to an exponential growth of information and technology. These transformations are frequently followed by intense debates about ecological, economical and political possibilities and social impact in which each person should present their convictions. All of these activities form ideal contexts in which the students can participate and became active. This work intends to be a contribution for when a student makes a decision in a real context. This students resorts to literacy, in order to reflect upon the urgency of a bigger articulation between the scientific and linguistic areas claiming that literacy is one of the great aims for the instructions and learning of this science. According to the results obtained, when a didactic unit was carried out to students from the ninth year and when analysed under a study method case, being scientifically literate is a long process that begins through what the teacher transmits and what happens in the classroom. This process of instruction and learning can and should be user to develop the reading and writing skills – reading literacy. This work is meant to carry out instructions and learning material focused on a development of scientific literacy for the students. It does not disregard and it considers the activity plan for reading and writing – reading literacy – as a tool which is relevant in the learning of science and from which the students and the teachers can both benefit in many aspects

Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)(1). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed(2-6). Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions(7), is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions(8,9), but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results(10,11), indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.Peer reviewe

Measurement of azimuthal correlations of D mesons with charged particles in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV and p-Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV

The azimuthal correlations of D mesons with charged particles were measured with the ALICE apparatus in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV and p-Pb collisions at root sNN = 5.02 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider. D-0, D+, and D*+ mesons and their charge conjugates with transverse momentum 3 0.3 GeV/c. The yield of charged particles in the correlation peak induced by the jet containing the D meson and the peak width are compatible within uncertainties in the two collision systems. The data are described within uncertainties by Monte-Carlo simulations based on PYTHIA, POWHEG, and EPOS 3 event generators.Peer reviewe

Measurement of D-s(+) product ion and nuclear modification factor in Pb-Pb collisions at root S-NN=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

One-dimensional pion, kaon, and proton femtoscopy in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

The size of the particle emission region in high-energy collisions can be deduced using the femtoscopic correlations of particle pairs at low relative momentum. Such correlations arise due to quantum statistics and Coulomb and strong final state interactions. In this paper, results are presented from femtoscopic analyses of pi(+/-) pi(+/-), K-+/- K-+/-, K-S(0) K-S(0), pp, and (pp) over bar correlations from Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. One-dimensional radii of the system are extracted from correlation functions in terms of the invariant momentum difference of the pair. The comparison of the measured radii with the predictions from a hydrokinetic model is discussed. The pion and kaon source radii display a monotonic decrease with increasing average pair transverse mass m(T) which is consistent with hydrodynamic model predictions for central collisions. The kaon and proton source sizes can be reasonably described by approximate m(T) scaling.Peer reviewe