Interventions for hyperhidrosis in secondary care : a systematic review and value-of-information analysis

Background: Hyperhidrosis is uncontrollable excessive sweating that occurs at rest, regardless of temperature. The symptoms of hyperhidrosis can significantly affect quality of life. The management of hyperhidrosis is uncertain and variable. Objective: To establish the expected value of undertaking additional research to determine the most effective interventions for the management of refractory primary hyperhidrosis in secondary care. Methods: A systematic review and economic model, including a value-of-information (VOI) analysis. Treatments to be prescribed by dermatologists and minor surgical treatments for hyperhidrosis of the hands, feet and axillae were reviewed; as endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) is incontestably an end-of-line treatment, it was not reviewed further. Fifteen databases (e.g. CENTRAL, PubMed and PsycINFO), conference proceedings and trial registers were searched from inception to July 2016. Systematic review methods were followed. Pairwise meta-analyses were conducted for comparisons between botulinum toxin (BTX) injections and placebo for axillary hyperhidrosis, but otherwise, owing to evidence limitations, data were synthesised narratively. A decision-analytic model assessed the cost-effectiveness and VOI of five treatments (iontophoresis, medication, BTX, curettage, ETS) in 64 different sequences for axillary hyperhidrosis only. Results and conclusions: Fifty studies were included in the effectiveness review: 32 randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 17 non-RCTs and one large prospective case series. Most studies were small, rated as having a high risk of bias and poorly reported. The interventions assessed in the review were iontophoresis, BTX, anticholinergic medications, curettage and newer energy-based technologies that damage the sweat gland (e.g. laser, microwave). There is moderate-quality evidence of a large statistically significant effect of BTX on axillary hyperhidrosis symptoms, compared with placebo. There was weak but consistent evidence for iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis. Evidence for other interventions was of low or very low quality. For axillary hyperhidrosis cost-effectiveness results indicated that iontophoresis, BTX, medication, curettage and ETS was the most cost-effective sequence (probability 0.8), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £9304 per quality-adjusted life-year. Uncertainty associated with study bias was not reflected in the economic results. Patients and clinicians attending an end-of-project workshop were satisfied with the sequence of treatments for axillary hyperhidrosis identified as being cost-effective. All patient advisors considered that the Hyperhidrosis Quality of Life Index was superior to other tools commonly used in hyperhidrosis research for assessing quality of life. Limitations: The evidence for the clinical effectiveness and safety of second-line treatments for primary hyperhidrosis is limited. This meant that there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions for most interventions assessed and the cost-effectiveness analysis was restricted to hyperhidrosis of the axilla. Future work: Based on anecdotal evidence and inference from evidence for the axillae, participants agreed that a trial of BTX (with anaesthesia) compared with iontophoresis for palmar hyperhidrosis would be most useful. The VOI analysis indicates that further research into the effectiveness of existing medications might be worthwhile, but it is unclear that such trials are of clinical importance. Research that established a robust estimate of the annual incidence of axillary hyperhidrosis in the UK population would reduce the uncertainty in future VOI analyses

Use of anxiolytic agents in general practice during a 3-year period. A retrospective study from a 2-man rural practice

In a rural general practice with two doctors and 3.671 patients and employing a practice data system (APEX), a retrospective review was undertaken of the anxiolytic drugs (ATC gr NO5B) prescribed. A total of 376 persons received 3,556 prescriptions for a total of 121,111 DDD (Defined Daily Doses). Forty of these patients (approximately 10%) received half of the medicine involved and half of the patients received 5% of the medicine. 68% of the prescriptions were renewals without contact between doctor and patient. A total of 85 new users was observed and the number of new users/annum decreased significantly during the period. One hundred and fifty-two patients consumed < or = 50 DDD during the entire three-year period (short term users) while 168 consumed > 50 DDD during one or more years (long term users). The long term users received anxiolytic drugs more frequently on account of mental illness (46%) than did the short term users (12%). Long term users consulted the doctor twice as frequently and were admitted to psychiatric departments six times as frequently during the period. One fourth of the long term users received disability pensions and one fourth had now or had previous alcohol problems. Udgivelsesdato: 1992-Aug-1

Use of anxiolytic agents in general practice during a 3-year period. A retrospective study from a 2-man rural practice

In a rural general practice with two doctors and 3.671 patients and employing a practice data system (APEX), a retrospective review was undertaken of the anxiolytic drugs (ATC gr NO5B) prescribed. A total of 376 persons received 3,556 prescriptions for a total of 121,111 DDD (Defined Daily Doses). Forty of these patients (approximately 10%) received half of the medicine involved and half of the patients received 5% of the medicine. 68% of the prescriptions were renewals without contact between doctor and patient. A total of 85 new users was observed and the number of new users/annum decreased significantly during the period. One hundred and fifty-two patients consumed < or = 50 DDD during the entire three-year period (short term users) while 168 consumed > 50 DDD during one or more years (long term users). The long term users received anxiolytic drugs more frequently on account of mental illness (46%) than did the short term users (12%). Long term users consulted the doctor twice as frequently and were admitted to psychiatric departments six times as frequently during the period. One fourth of the long term users received disability pensions and one fourth had now or had previous alcohol problems. Udgivelsesdato: 1992-Aug-1

Compensating Pose Uncertainties Through Appropriate Gripper Finger Cutouts

The gripper finger design is a recurring problem in many robotic grasping platforms used in industry. The task of switching the gripper configuration to accommodate for a new batch of objects typically requires engineering expertise, and is a lengthy and costly iterative trial-and-error process. One of the open challenges is the need for the gripper to compensate for uncertainties inherent to the workcell, e.g. due to errors in calibration, inaccurate pose estimation from the vision system, or object deformation. In this paper, we present an analysis of gripper uncertainty compensating capabilities in a sample industrial object grasping scenario for a finger that was designed using an automated simulation-based geometry optimization method (Wolniakowski et al., 2013, 2015). We test the developed gripper with a set of grasps subjected to structured perturbation in a simulation environment and in the real-world setting. We provide a comparison of the data obtained by using both of these approaches. We argue that the strong correspondence observed in results validates the use of dynamic simulation for the gripper finger design and optimization