Informe de ejecución proyecto de proyección social “propuesta de acompañamiento a comerciantes del sector de chapinero central en los temas relacionados con lo contable, tributario y financiero, para el crecimiento económico del sector.”

En el presente informe se describen las actividades desarrolladas por estudiantes de la Especialización de Gerencia Tributaria que optaron como modalidad de Trabajo de Grado - Proyección Social, en cumplimiento de los requisitos para optar el título de Especialista en Gerencia Tributaria. El proyecto ejecutado se denomina “Propuesta de acompañamiento a comerciantes del sector de Chapinero Central en los temas relacionados con lo contable, tributario y financiero, para el crecimiento económico del sector” y se encuentra integrado al Macroproyecto Institucional de Proyección Social 2020 - 2024. El Proyecto en mención se ejecutará por fases, las cuales inician con la conformación y caracterización del grupo de comerciantes a intervenir y una vez identificadas sus necesidades, condiciones y expectativas elaborar una propuesta de atención, a partir de la transferencia social de conocimiento, asesorías y acompañamiento en la práctica relacionados con procesos tributarios, lo anterior, como una forma de relacionamiento con el sector externo desde la responsabilidad social, en relación a una de las funciones sustantivas de la Universidad Piloto de Colombia. En armonía con lo anterior, los autores como algunos estudiantes de la Especialización de Gerencia Tributaria, han tomado la iniciativa de participar activamente en la elaboración de una propuesta que contribuya a contrarrestar las necesidades académicas enfocadas especialmente a lo tributario a través de capacitaciones, acompañamiento, participación en programas radiales y la edición de una cartilla en lenguaje sencillo y de fácil comprensión

How Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Differ in Their Use of Neuroscience Evidence

Much of the public debate surrounding the intersection of neuroscience and criminal law is based on assumptions about how prosecutors and defense attorneys differ in their use of neuroscience evidence. For example, according to some commentators, the defense’s use of neuroscience evidence will abdicate criminals of all responsibility for their offenses. In contrast, the prosecution’s use of that same evidence will unfairly punish the most vulnerable defendants as unfixable future dangers to society. This “double- edged sword” view of neuroscience evidence is important for flagging concerns about the law’s construction of criminal responsibility and punishment: it demonstrates that the same information about the defendant can either be mitigating or aggravating depending on who is raising it. Yet empirical assessments of legal decisions reveal a far more nuanced reality, showing that public beliefs about the impact of neuroscience on the criminal law can often be wrong. This Article takes an evidence-based and multidisciplinary approach to examining how courts respond to neuroscience evidence in capital cases when the defense presents it to argue that the defendant’s mental state at the time of the crime was below the given legal requisite due to some neurologic or cognitive deficiency

Imaginaries, Barriers and Beliefs that Limit the Adoption of Healthy Habits and Lifestyles in the Young Adult Population of the Urban Area of Zipaquirá

Objetivo: Conocer cuáles son los imaginarios, barreras y creencias que limitan la adopción de Hábitos y Estilos de Vida Saludable en la población joven estudiante del municipio de Zipaquirá. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, conto con la participación de estudiantes matriculados en instituciones educativas del Municipio de Zipaquirá Cundinamarca, en una muestra n=186 (18-28 años).   Se realizó un análisis bivariado para determinar la asociación de categorías o variables con Chi- cuadrado y establecer la adherencia según barreras y adopción de hábitos por grupo etario, sexo y zona de residencia.  Resultados, De acuerdo con las dimensiones analizadas referentes a estilos de vida saludables el 66.7% no realiza actividad física por falta de tiempo y un 40% por escasa motivación; en salud mental el 31.7% considera falta información referente a este ámbito y el 40.9% considera la salud mental está relacionada con condiciones familiares; respecto a las condiciones de salud e higiene el 26.9% considera estas están relacionadas con condiciones económicas; al indagar por hábitos alimentarios y alimentación saludable el 25.3% refiere la adopción de estos está ligada a las condiciones económicas y finalmente en la dimensión sexualidad el 32.3% considera se requiere mayor información al respecto. Conclusiones, la investigación demostró que los imaginarios, barreras y creencias que limitan la adopción de Hábitos y Estilos de Vida Saludable en la población objeto no presentan diferencias por genero ni edad, se reconoce la importancia en el mantenimiento de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad.Objective: To know what the imaginaries, barriers and beliefs are that limit the adoption of Healthy Habits and Lifestyles in the young student population of the municipality of Zipaquirá. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, with the participation of students enrolled in educational institutions of the Municipality of Zipaquirá Cundinamarca, in a sample n=186 (18-28 years old). A bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the association of categories or variables with Chi-square and establish adherence according to barriers and adoption of habits by age group, sex, and area of ​​residence. Results: According to the dimensions analyzed regarding healthy lifestyles, 66.7% do not perform physical activity due to lack of time and 40% due to low motivation; In mental health, 31.7% consider there is a lack of information regarding this area and 40.9% consider mental health to be related to family conditions; Regarding health and hygiene conditions, 26.9% consider these to be related to economic conditions; When investigating eating habits and healthy eating, 25.3% reported that the adoption of these is linked to economic conditions and finally, in the sexuality dimension, 32.3% considered that more information was required in this regard. Conclusions, the research showed that the imaginaries, barriers, and beliefs that limit the adoption of Healthy Habits and Lifestyles in the target population do not present differences by gender or age, the importance of maintaining health and preventing disease is recognized.

Solucionando necesidades específicas con GNU/LINUX

Este artículo expone el desarrollo de la actividad final del Diplomado de Profundización en Linux la cual se realizó utilizando el sistema operativo Linux Zentyal Server, el cual será es la base para disponer de los servicios de Infraestructura IT donde se realizaron configuraciones de DHCP, DNS, Proxy, Cortafuegos, File Server y Print Server y VPN. Las configuraciones se probaron a través de Ubuntu Desktop, y se demuestra la funcionalidad de las configuraciones realizadas en cada paso.This article exposes the development of the final activity of the Diplomat in Deepening in Linux which was carried by out using the Linux Zentyal Server operating system, which will be the basis for having the IT Infrastructure services where DHCP, DNS configurations were made, Proxy, Firewall, File Server and Print Server and VPN. The settings were tested through Ubuntu Desktop, and the functionality of the settings made at each step is demonstrate

DOCK8 deficiency impairs CD8 T cell survival and function in humans and mice

In humans, DOCK8 immunodeficiency syndrome is characterized by severe cutaneous viral infections. Thus, CD8 T cell function may be compromised in the absence of DOCK8. In this study, by analyzing mutant mice and humans, we demonstrate a critical, intrinsic role for DOCK8 in peripheral CD8 T cell survival and function. DOCK8 mutation selectively diminished the abundance of circulating naive CD8 T cells in both species, and in DOCK8-deficient humans, most CD8 T cells displayed an exhausted CD45RA+CCR7? phenotype. Analyses in mice revealed the CD8 T cell abnormalities to be cell autonomous and primarily postthymic. DOCK8 mutant naive CD8 T cells had a shorter lifespan and, upon encounter with antigen on dendritic cells, exhibited poor LFA-1 synaptic polarization and a delay in the first cell division. Although DOCK8 mutant T cells underwent near-normal primary clonal expansion after primary infection with recombinant influenza virus in vivo, they showed greatly reduced memory cell persistence and recall. These findings highlight a key role for DOCK8 in the survival and function of human and mouse CD8 T cells

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2\ub75th percentile and 100 as the 97\ub75th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59\ub74 (IQR 35\ub74–67\ub73), ranging from a low of 11\ub76 (95% uncertainty interval 9\ub76–14\ub70) to a high of 84\ub79 (83\ub71–86\ub77). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe