Cholg’u ijrochilik amaliyotida o’quvchilarni mustaqil fikrlash va ijodkorlik xususiyatlarini shakllantirish

Mazkur maqolada yosh avlodni mustaqil va ijodiy fikrlashga o’rgatish, tarbiyaviy ish usullari yaratilgan ilmiy adabiyotlarda musiqiy bilim oluvchi o’quvchilarning mustaqil va ijodiy fikrlashga o’rgatish, XX asrning ikkinchi yarmida, texnologiya va axborotning jadal rivojlanish jarayonlari, o’quvchidlarni mustaqil va ijodiy fikrlashga o’rgatishning eng qulay usullari, XXI asr madaniyat sohasida yangi tendensiyalar haqida ma’lumotlar keltirilgan

Magnesia Binder Preparation from Local Natural and Technogenic Raw Materials

The preparation of magnesia binders based on natural and technogenic mineral was the result of the research. The obtained magnesia binders possess the increased flexural and compressive strength which values are close to ones of natural materials. High flexural and compression strengths are associated with the features of the hardened caustic dolomite containing magnesium oxyhydrochlorides which crystallize as a fiber. The fibrous crystals not only increase the cement strength, but also act as a reinforcing material. The resulting magnesia binder does not require a moist environment at hardening. It is characterized by decorativeness and ecological compatibility, has a neutral hardening product composition

Magnesia Binder Preparation from Local Natural and Technogenic Raw Materials

The preparation of magnesia binders based on natural and technogenic mineral was the result of the research. The obtained magnesia binders possess the increased flexural and compressive strength which values are close to ones of natural materials. High flexural and compression strengths are associated with the features of the hardened caustic dolomite containing magnesium oxyhydrochlorides which crystallize as a fiber. The fibrous crystals not only increase the cement strength, but also act as a reinforcing material. The resulting magnesia binder does not require a moist environment at hardening. It is characterized by decorativeness and ecological compatibility, has a neutral hardening product composition

Efficiency of cotton and fiber wetting in cotton ginning plants

This article provides a comprehensive examination of humidification technologies and points within ginneries, with a specific focus on the moisture content of the produced fiber. Several key aspects are covered, ranging from the assessment of existing humidification technologies to the determination of moisture levels in the fiber across different ginneries. Additionally, the article delves into the changes in moisture content observed in various cotton components during technological processes, particularly in fiber bales utilized in production at the spinning factory "OSBORN TEXTILE," along with associated challenges. By examining these facets, the article provides valuable insights into the intricacies of managing moisture content in cotton processing, from ginneries to spinning factories. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of humidification technologies in maintaining optimal conditions for cotton fiber production and subsequent textile manufacturing processes. The identification of challenges and vices allows for targeted improvements and optimizations in the industry's practices

Динамика показателей иммунного статуса на фоне ротационной диетотерапии при ожирении

BACKGROUND: Сhronic immune inflammation in obesity is pathogenetically associated with the development insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. However, there are a number of works devoted to the relationship of obesity and allergic diseases, in which data were obtained on models of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. In obesity against a background of chronic immune inflammation, a more severe course of concomitant allergic disease is observed, accompanied by an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. In this regard, obesity and food allergies should be considered from the standpoint of comorbidity, and the study of immune status markers dynamics in obese patients with concomitant food allergies at the background of diet therapy will create prerequisites for determining the criteria of the effectiveness of the treatment. AIM: To study the of immune status markers dynamics on the background of rotational diet therapy for obesity. METHODS: A single-site, randomized controlled trial was conducted. The duration of observation of the patients was 14 days. There were 68 patients with obesity, aged 47.4 5.4 years, randomly divided into 2 homogeneous groups. Levels of allergen-specific IgG to 90 food allergens were measured to all patients of the main group by enzyme immunoassay method. The comparison group received a standard low-calorie diet. In both groups, the levels of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-1, TNF, IL-6) were determined using commercial Biosource kits (Belgium). RESULTS: In evaluating of the cytokine status and the level of non-specific markers of inflammation at the initial stage of the study, patients with a body mass index above 35 showed a significant increase in concentrations of C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6. Analysis of allergen-specific IgG to 90 food allergens showed that food intolerance was found often to milk, dairy products, gluten. Analyzing the dynamics of the level of pro-inflammatory markers during treatment, a significant decrease in the level of CRP, IL-6, IL-1 was detected in the main group 15 % (p 0.05), 14 % (p 0.05), 10 % respectively, while in the comparison group the decrease in the level of IL-6 was 9 %, IL-1 by 6 %,CRP by 10 % (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with obesity with concomitant food intolerance there are changes in the immune status in the form of increased levels of pro-inflammatory markers. During the observation a more significant decrease was found in the studied parameters in the main group was detected at the background of rotational diet therapy in relation to the comparison group. The decrease in the concentrations of the studied markers in the serum during the study is an indicator of the effectiveness of rotational diet therapy.Обоснование. Хроническое иммунное воспаление при ожирении патогенетически связано с развитием инсулинорезистентности и метаболического синдрома. Вместе с тем имеется ряд работ о взаимосвязи ожирения и аллергических заболеваний с полученными данными на моделях бронхиальной астмы и аллергического ринита. При ожирении на фоне хронического иммунного воспаления наблюдается более тяжелое течение сопутствующего аллергического заболевания, сопровождаемого повышением уровня провоспалительных цитокинов. В этой связи ожирение и пищевая аллергия могут рассматриваться с позиций коморбидности, а изучение динамики показателей иммунного статуса у больных ожирением с сопутствующей пищевой непереносимостью на фоне проводимой диетотерапии создаст предпосылки для определения критериев оценки эффективности лечения. Цель исследования ― изучение динамики показателей иммунного статуса на фоне ротационной диетотерапии при ожирении. Методы. Проводилось одноцентровое рандомизированное контролируемое исследование. Длительность наблюдения пациентов составила 14 дней. Участвовало 68 пациентов с ожирением в возрасте 47,4 5,4 года, разделенных методом случайной выборки на 2 однородные группы. Всем пациентам основной группы проведен анализ уровней аллергенспецифических IgG к 90 пищевым аллергенам методом иммуноферментного анализа для разработки ротационной диетотерапии. Группа сравнения получала стандартный низкокалорийный рацион. В обеих группах в процессе лечения определяли уровни провоспалительных маркеров (IL1, IL6, TNF, CRP) с помощью коммерческих наборов BioSource (Бельгия). Результаты. При оценке показателей цитокинового статуса и уровня неспецифических маркеров воспаления у больных с индексом массы тела выше 35 кг/м2 по сравнению с пациентами с индексом массы тела менее 35 кг/м2 отмечалось достоверное увеличение концентраций CRP, IL1, IL6. Чаще выявлялись аллергенспецифические IgG к молоку, молочным продуктам, глютену. При анализе динамики уровня провоспалительных маркеров в процессе лечения в основной группе выявлено достоверное снижение уровня CRP, IL6 и IL1 на 15 (р 0,05), 14 (р 0,05) и 10 % соответственно, в то время как в группе сравнения снижение уровня IL6 составило 9 %, IL1 ― 6 %, CRP ― 10 % (р 0,05). Заключение. У обследованных пациентов с ожирением и сопутствующей пищевой непереносимостью отмечаются изменения показателей иммунного статуса в виде повышения уровня провоспалительных маркеров CRP, IL6, IL1. В ходе исследования было выявлено более существенное снижение уровня изученных показателей в основной группе на фоне ротационной диетотерапии по отношению к группе сравнения. Снижение концентраций изученных маркеров в сыворотке крови в исследовании является индикатором эффективности ротационной диетотерапии

Evaluation of Kidney Functioning in Children with Renal Complications During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Clinical Study

Background. An increase in a quantity of children with acute renal insufficiency associated with infectious diseases, including COVID-19 is a growing problem in nephrology. Such insufficiency is often expressed in pyelonephritis. Due to a lack of specific signs or obvious clinical symptoms and their correct interpretation, acute renal insufficiency against the background of COVID-19 is first identified in the period of steady worsening of the kidney functioning. An accurate non-invasive diagnostic test is yet to be fully developed, therefore, determination of the mechanisms of complications is considered to be challenging and can contribute to the formation of irreversible renal injury.Objective — to determine and evaluate characteristics of the renal status in children with acute pyelonephritis against the background of COVID-19.Methods. A retrospective observational cohort clinical study of 65 children with acute pyelonephritis was carried out. The study also included a control group of 20 healthy children, who were observed during routine health checkup. The patients were observed at the Nephrology Unit, Samarkand Regional Pediatric Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Uzbekistan. Laboratory examination was carried out on the basis of Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory, Samarkand Regional Pediatric Multidisciplinary Medical Center, Uzbekistan, and Laboratory of Innova Clinic, Uzbekistan. The study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2022 and involved participants with the history of COVID-19 before treatment. Thus, two cohorts were formed: group 1 comprised 30 children with acute pyelonephritis and without a history of COVID-19; group 2 consisted of 35 patients with acute pyelonephritis against the background of COVID-19. In order to evaluate the renal status, examination of the glomeruli, proximal and distal tubules was carried out. The study included investigation of “urinary syndrome” indicators — leukocyturia of neutrophil origin, microhematuria, proteinuria, and bacteriuria. The obtained laboratory data were analyzed using variance and given in SI System — the International System of Units. The calculations were carried out using StatPlus 7 (AnalystSoft Inc., USA).Results. Renal function is decreased in an acute period due to reduced functionality of concentration and distal tubule, which were more significantly affected in group 2. Inflammatory changes in the renal tissue due to the toxic effects of coronavirus infection underlie the abnormalities detected. The history of COVID-19 is reckoned from the date of admission and ranges from 3 weeks to 2 months. Renal insufficiency in children with COVID-19 history is manifested irrespective of their clinical polymorphism, due to impairment of its tubular structures (reabsorption, acidogenesis and ammoniogenesis, osmotic concentration) and glomerular filtration. A statistically significant reduction in acidogenesis (p = 0.001) was recorded in patients with acute COVID-associated pyelonephritis.Conclusion. Children with COVID-19 respiratory symptoms require monitoring their renal functions for early diagnosis and treatment. Long-term monitoring of patients with isolated urinary syndrome in the acute period is needed to detect the underlying renal disease

Genetic predictors of chronic heart failure in obese patients

BACKGROUND: the study of molecular genetic markers and pathogenetic mechanisms of neurohormonal activation, as well as their importance in the formation of heart failure in obesity, is an urgent problem of modern medicine, the solution of which will allow effective prevention of cardiovascular complications, optimize treatment and improve the prognosis of obese patients. AIMS: search for genetic markers presumably involved in the pathogenesis of secondary diastolic heart failure in patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PCR-diagnostics of whole blood of 104 patients with obesity was carried out, which were divided into 2 groups, depending on the presence of diastolic heart failure. The following candidate genes were analyzed: angiotensinogen AGT gene (C521T and T704C), angiotensin II receptor gene of the first type AGTR1 (A1166C), angiotensin II receptor gene of the second type AGTR2 (G1675A), aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2 (C (-344) T). RESULTS: It is shown that the development of secondary diastolic heart failure in obese individuals of both sexes is associated with the mutation of the aldosterone synthase gene CYP11B2, namely, with the replacement of the C allele at the -344 position by the T allele and the presence of the T / T genotype. The relative risk of developing the disease with the T / T genotype was 5.93 times higher in men (p = 0.008) and 4.57 times in women (p = 0.014). For men, the mutation of the angiotensinogen AGT gene, namely the replacement of the allele C at position 521 by the T allele, is important. At the same time, the relative risk of development of SDS in the T / T genotype is increased by 4.26 times (p = 0.039). Mutations of the genes of the angiotensin II receptor of the first type AGTR1 (A1166C) and the angiotensin II receptor of the second type AGTR2 (G1675A) are not associated with the development of diastolic heart failure in obese patients. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented can be used to stratify the risk of secondary heart failure in obese individuals

Omega-3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Background: Researchers have suggested that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from oily fish (long-chain omega-3 (LCn3), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)), as well as from plants (alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)) benefit cardiovascular health. Guidelines recommend increasing omega-3-rich foods, and sometimes supplementation, but recent trials have not confirmed this. Objectives: To assess effects of increased intake of fish- and plant-based omega-3 for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CVD) events, adiposity and lipids. Search methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase to April 2017, plus ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry to September 2016, with no language restrictions. We handsearched systematic review references and bibliographies and contacted authors. Selection criteria: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that lasted at least 12 months and compared supplementation and/or advice to increase LCn3 or ALA intake versus usual or lower intake. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed validity. We performed separate random-effects meta-analysis for ALA and LCn3 interventions, and assessed dose-response relationships through meta-regression. Main results: We included 79 RCTs (112,059 participants) in this review update and found that 25 were at low summary risk of bias. Trials were of 12 to 72 months' duration and included adults at varying cardiovascular risk, mainly in high-income countries. Most studies assessed LCn3 supplementation with capsules, but some used LCn3- or ALA-rich or enriched foods or dietary advice compared to placebo or usual diet. Meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses suggested little or no effect of increasing LCn3 on all-cause mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03, 92,653 participants; 8189 deaths in 39 trials, high-quality evidence), cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87 to 1.03, 67,772 participants; 4544 CVD deaths in 25 RCTs), cardiovascular events (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.04, 90,378 participants; 14,737 people experienced events in 38 trials, high-quality evidence), coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.09, 73,491 participants; 1596 CHD deaths in 21 RCTs), stroke (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.16, 89,358 participants; 1822 strokes in 28 trials) or arrhythmia (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.05, 53,796 participants; 3788 people experienced arrhythmia in 28 RCTs). There was a suggestion that LCn3 reduced CHD events (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.97, 84,301 participants; 5469 people experienced CHD events in 28 RCTs); however, this was not maintained in sensitivity analyses - LCn3 probably makes little or no difference to CHD event risk. All evidence was of moderate GRADE quality, except as noted. Increasing ALA intake probably makes little or no difference to all-cause mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.20, 19,327 participants; 459 deaths, 5 RCTs),cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.25, 18,619 participants; 219 cardiovascular deaths, 4 RCTs), and it may make little or no difference to CHD events (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.22, 19,061 participants, 397 CHD events, 4 RCTs, low-quality evidence). However, increased ALA may slightly reduce risk of cardiovascular events (from 4.8% to 4.7%, RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.07, 19,327 participants; 884 CVD events, 5 RCTs, low-quality evidence), and probably reduces risk of CHD mortality (1.1% to 1.0%, RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.26, 18,353 participants; 193 CHD deaths, 3 RCTs), and arrhythmia (3.3% to 2.6%, RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.10, 4,837 participants; 141 events, 1 RCT). Effects on stroke are unclear. Sensitivity analysis retaining only trials at low summary risk of bias moved effect sizes towards the null (RR 1.0) for all LCn3 primary outcomes except arrhythmias, but for most ALA outcomes, effect sizes moved to suggest protection. LCn3 funnel plots suggested that adding in missing studies/results would move effect sizes towards null for most primary outcomes. There were no dose or duration effects in subgrouping or meta-regression. There was no evidence that increasing LCn3 or ALA altered serious adverse events, adiposity or lipids, although LCn3 slightly reduced triglycerides and increased HDL. ALA probably reduces HDL (high- or moderate-quality evidence). Authors' conclusions: This is the most extensive systematic assessment of effects of omega-3 fats on cardiovascular health to date. Moderate- and high-quality evidence suggests that increasing EPA and DHA has little or no effect on mortality or cardiovascular health (evidence mainly from supplement trials). Previous suggestions of benefits from EPA and DHA supplements appear to spring from trials with higher risk of bias. Low-quality evidence suggests ALA may slightly reduce CVD event risk, CHD mortality and arrhythmia

THE PECULIARITIES OF SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDIES

In this article the main attention is paid to the creation of Shakespeare’s tragedies and their roles in the world literature. In the following Shakespeare’s views and their description in his tragedies are given. In addition, in this article you may know about the attempts of trying to translate Shakespeare’s major tragedies into Uzbek. The main periods of the play writer’s life and creation of works are also described in the following. While reading we can learn it is obvious from Shakespeare’s works that he is aware of the various fields of his works

THE PECULIARITIES OF SHAKESPEAREAN TRAGEDIES

In this article the main attention is paid to the creation of Shakespeare’s tragedies and their roles in the world literature. In the following Shakespeare’s views and their description in his tragedies are given. In addition, in this article you may know about the attempts of trying to translate Shakespeare’s major tragedies into Uzbek. The main periods of the play writer’s life and creation of works are also described in the following. While reading we can learn it is obvious from Shakespeare’s works that he is aware of the various fields of his works