Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for benign ovarian tumours (Review)

Background: Over the last ten years laparoscopy and minilaparotomy have become increasingly common approaches for the surgical removal of benign ovarian tumours. However in the event that a tumour is found to be malignant, laparotomy is the appropriate procedure. Careful preoperative assessment including transvaginal ultrasound with morphological scoring, colour doppler assessment of vascular quality and a serum Ca125 level is desirable. Objectives: To determine the benefits, harms and cost of laparoscopy or minilaparotomy compared with laparotomy in women with benign ovarian tumours. Search strategy: We searched electronic databases, trials registers and reference lists of published trial reports. Reference lists from trials and review articles were also searched. Selection criteria: All randomised controlled trials comparing either laparoscopy or minilaparotomy with laparotomy for benign ovarian tumours. Data collection and analysis: Eight reviewers independently assessed the eligibility and quality of each study, and independently extracted the data Main results The results of nine randomised controlled trials (n=482 women) showed that laparoscopic surgery was associated with fewer adverse events of surgery (surgical injury or post operative complications including fever or infection) (OR 0.3 95% CI 0.2 to 0.5), less post operative pain (VAS scores WMD -2.4 95% CI -2.7 to -2.0), greater likelihood of being pain free after 2 days (OR 7.42 95% CI 4.86 to 11.33) and fewer days in hospital (WMD -2.88 95%CI -3.1 to -2.7) . In one study that reported costs, laparoscopy was associated with a significant reduction compared to laparotomy(WMD - $1045 95$1348 to -$742) in US$ in 1993. Very high levels of heterogeneity made it inappropriate to pool data on duration of surgery. Three RCT’s compared laparoscopy versus minilaparotomy and found that laparoscopy was associated with reduced odds of any adverse event (surgical injury or postoperative complications ) (OR 0.10 95% CI 0 to 0.8) lower VAS scores for pain (WMD -1.0 95%CI -1.6 to -0.45). Duration of hospital stay ranged between 1 and 2.2 days with substantial heterogeneity. Authors’ conclusions In women undergoing surgery for benign ovarian tumours, laparoscopy was associated with a reduction in fever, urinary tract infection, post operative complications, post operative pain, number of days in the hospital and total cost. These findings should be interpreted with caution since only a small number of studies were identified including a total of only 769 women and not all of the important outcomes were reported in each study

EFFECT OF NEUROMUSCULAR RESISTANCE TRAINING ON THE PERFORMANCE OF 5-KM RUNNERS

The study aimed to identify the effect of a neuromuscular resistance training protocol (NRTP) on the performance of 5-km distance runners. This study included 18 male runners (age=29.3±3.2 years, fat percentage=11.3±2.6%, body height=1.77±.04 m, body mass=73.4±4.4 kg, time in 5 km=20.6±2.4 min, training years=4.3±0.7 years). First, volunteers were anthropometrically evaluated, and they performed one-repetition maximum (1RM) 45o leg press (LP) strength test. Second, they performed an incremental protocol in the 45o LP to acquire the electromyographic threshold. Third, they completed a 5-km time trial run (5 km basal). In the fourth session, they performed NRTP in LP. And fifth, the 5-km time trial run was performed at 30 min, 48 h, 96 h, and 144 h post the NRTP intervention. A significant decrease (p≤.05) was observed when baseline values were compared with post 30 min and post 48 h (p=.02 and p=.04, respectively). However, there were significant positive differences in performance (p=.04 for time) when baseline values and post 144 h were analyzed. Therefore, it is concluded that the NRTP can be used by 5-km distance runners to improve their performance with a break of one week between the intervention and test

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02