O consumo de álcool pelos estudantes de medicina, as características e fatores associados: uma revisão sistemática

Introdução: No Brasil, o abuso do consumo de álcool tem se iniciado cada vez de forma mais precoce, sendo no período universitário o de maior intensificação e de maior risco para a cronicidade. Dessa forma, os alunos de medicina lidam com a privação da convivência familiar, carga horária excessiva e burnout, que são fatores capazes de potencializar o vício. Assim, paralelo ao fato destes serem os futuros responsáveis pela promoção da saúde na população, esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo abordar o consumo de álcool por estudantes da área médica, discutindo os trabalhos e resultados já existentes para ampliar a discussão e instigar novos trabalhos a respeito do tema, tendo em vista sua importância em termos de educação e saúde pública.  Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente materiais que tratem sobre o uso de álcool entre estudantes de medicina de modo a analisar as características desse uso e os fatores que corroboram para o mesmo. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática a respeito do uso de álcool pelos estudantes de medicina do Brasil, as características desse abuso e os fatores associados. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, sendo uma análise de um montante de materiais a fim de categorizar informações pertinentes e organizá-las, com a finalidade de caracterizar o abuso supracitado. Os bancos de dados utilizados foram o Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e o Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e os descritores postos foram “Alcoolismo”, “estudantes” e “medicina”.  Resultados: Os principais resultados obtidos através da análise dos dados evidenciaram que o consumo de álcool pelos estudantes de medicina é maior entre homens, o qual se agrava nos últimos anos da faculdade, devido à sobrecarga emocional vigente. Além disso, pudemos observar que as festas de faculdade são os ambientes em que há maior consumo da bebida alcoólica, ocorrendo uma predileção cerveja. Ademais, morar longe dos pais e não ter uma religião são importantes fatores de risco. Conclusão: Constata-se que, no contexto universitário, os estudantes de medicina estão expostos a vários fatores de risco, como, o alto número de eventos sociais, a alta pressão exercida pelo curso e a maior liberdade alcançada. Por essa razão, é de suma importância promover a discussão sobre a abordagem do uso de álcool e suas consequências nos cursos da área da saúde, uma vez que estes estudantes, futuramente orientarão pacientes

Serological Proteomic Screening and Evaluation of a Recombinant Egg Antigen for the Diagnosis of Low-Intensity \u3ci\u3eSchistosoma mansoni\u3c/i\u3e infections in endemic area in Brazil

Background Despite decades of use of control programs, schistosomiasis remains a global public health problem. To further reduce prevalence and intensity of infection, or to achieve the goal of elimination in low-endemic areas, there needs to be better diagnostic tools to detect low-intensity infections in low-endemic areas in Brazil. The rationale for development of new diagnostic tools is that the current standard test Kato-Katz (KK) is not sensitive enough to detect low-intensity infections in low-endemic areas. In order to develop new diagnostic tools, we employed a proteomics approach to identify biomarkers associated with schistosome-specific immune responses in hopes of developing sensitive and specific new methods for immunodiagnosis. Methods and findings Immunoproteomic analyses were performed on egg extracts of Schistosoma mansoni using pooled sera from infected or non-infected individuals from a low-endemic area of Brazil. Cross reactivity with other soil-transmitted helminths (STH) was determined using pooled sera from individuals uniquely infected with different helminths. Using this approach, we identified 23 targets recognized by schistosome acute and chronic sera samples. To identify immunoreactive targets that were likely glycan epitopes, we compared these targets to the immunoreactivity of spots treated with sodium metaperiodate oxidation of egg extract. This treatment yielded 12/23 spots maintaining immunoreactivity, suggesting that they were protein epitopes. From these 12 spots, 11 spots cross-reacted with sera from individuals infected with other STH and 10 spots cross-reacted with the negative control group. Spot number 5 was exclusively immunoreactive with sera from S. mansoni-infected groups in native and deglycosylated conditions and corresponds to Major Egg Antigen (MEA). We expressed MEA as a recombinant protein and showed a similar recognition pattern to that of the native protein via western blot. IgG-ELISA gave a sensitivity of 87.10% and specificity of 89.09% represented by area under the ROC curve of 0.95. IgG-ELISA performed better than the conventional KK (2 slides), identifying 56/64 cases harboring 1–10 eggs per gram of feces that were undiagnosed by KK parasitological technique. Conclusions The serological proteome approach was able to identify a new diagnostic candidate. The recombinant egg antigen provided good performance in IgG-ELISA to detect individuals with extreme low-intensity infections (1 egg per gram of feces). Therefore, the IgG-ELISA using this newly identified recombinant MEA can be a useful tool combined with other techniques in low-endemic areas to determine the true prevalence of schistosome infection that is underestimated by the KK method. Further, to overcome the complexity of ELISA in the field, a second generation of antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) can be developed

Avaliação da suscetibilidade in vitro de Pseudomonas aeruginosa a métodos alternativos de terapias antimicrobianas

O aumento da prevalência de bactérias multirresistentes, fundamentalmente em unidades de terapia intensiva, é preocupação constante órgãos internacionais de saúde pública. O impacto causado esta relacionado diretamente a aumento de morbimortalidade, além de causar elevação de gastos à assistência à saúde por aumentar o tempo de internação. Com isso, desenvolver métodos alternativos de controlar o crescimento bacteriano sem gerar resistência adicional é de fundamental importância. Assim, devido características físico-químicas de ozônio, extratos essenciais de plantas e terapia fotodinâmica ganham destaque. Foi possível avaliar, in vitro, que ozônio diluído em óleos de dendê e girassol apresentou-se com atividade bactericida e capaz de inibir crescimento bacteriano da Pseudomonas aeruginosa, assim como extratos naturais de limão taiti e laranja amarga. Apesar de haver diferença na eficácia entre eles, principalmente devido a grande variabilidade de compostos bioativos existentes em cada um particularmente, todos apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana. Em relação à terapia fotodinâmica, através da utilização de fotossensibilizador (azul de metileno), gerou impacto significativo, reduzindo 80% da quantidade de colônias bacterianas existentes, mostrando-se promissor no controle de crescimento bacteriano. A partir dos resultados obtidos, foi evidenciado que as terapias utilizadas, de forma in vitro, corroboram o estimulo ao desenvolvimento de terapias alternativas no controle bacteriano

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio