Gibraltar a un año de la Declaración de Córdoba: la recuperación de la confianza

Se cumple un año desde que se anunciara la Declaración de Córdoba, fruto de la primera reunión ministerial del Foro de Diálogo sobre Gibraltar. La Declaración representa un acontecimiento de primer orden que ha hecho posible, por primera vez, que la colaboración entre las partes tenga efectos beneficiosos sobre los ciudadanos de ambos lados de la verja

España en el África Subsahariana : multilateralismo eficaz

La tradicional ausencia casi permanente de España en el África Subsahariana ha llegado a su fin a tenor de los avances que se están dando en la política exterior de nuestro país hacia esta región del mundo. Potenciada considerablemente en los últimos años, la acción de España en el Africa Subsahariana presenta hoy día un perfil mucho más activo, comprometido y presencial, más acorde con el papel que España está desarrollando en diversos frentes diplomáticos. El Plan África, presentado por el Gobierno para el bienio 2006-2008, es el marco en el que se encuadra la actual política española y en el que se desarrollan siete objetivos principales que tienen como base el multilateralismo eficaz en el que las relaciones con los actores subsaharianos se llevan a cabo desde una óptica concertada y global. Esta nueva visión está permitiendo inaugurar nuevas vías de entendimiento y de trabajo capaces de dar respuesta a los desafíos comunes y a la resolución de los graves problemas económicos, sociales y políticos de muchos de los países subsaharianos.The lack of permanent Spanish presence is over in the Sub-Saharan Africa. This situation has been changed due to the substantial Spanish interest and its foreign policy in the region. Spanish foreign policy has become more active, committed and permanent in a region quite linked to Spain. This active Spanish foreign policy has been developed in a variety of diplomatic areas. The African Plan, which was presented by the Spanish government for the 2006-2008 period, is the framework utilized to define current Spanish foreign policy. Seven main objectives define Spanish foreign policy towards the region, whose underlying rationale is multilateralism. The latter provides a framework that facilitates the concerted actions between Spain and Sub-Saharan countries. Finally, this new perspective allows diverse ways of understanding that are capable of providing effective solutions to common challenges leading to feasible Solutions to the Sub-Saharan social, economic and political plight

España en el África Subsahariana : multilateralismo eficaz

La tradicional ausencia casi permanente de España en el África Subsahariana ha llegado a su fin a tenor de los avances que se están dando en la política exterior de nuestro país hacia esta región del mundo. Potenciada considerablemente en los últimos años, la acción de España en el Africa Subsahariana presenta hoy día un perfil mucho más activo, comprometido y presencial, más acorde con el papel que España está desarrollando en diversos frentes diplomáticos. El Plan África, presentado por el Gobierno para el bienio 2006-2008, es el marco en el que se encuadra la actual política española y en el que se desarrollan siete objetivos principales que tienen como base el multilateralismo eficaz en el que las relaciones con los actores subsaharianos se llevan a cabo desde una óptica concertada y global. Esta nueva visión está permitiendo inaugurar nuevas vías de entendimiento y de trabajo capaces de dar respuesta a los desafíos comunes y a la resolución de los graves problemas económicos, sociales y políticos de muchos de los países subsaharianos.The lack of permanent Spanish presence is over in the Sub-Saharan Africa. This situation has been changed due to the substantial Spanish interest and its foreign policy in the region. Spanish foreign policy has become more active, committed and permanent in a region quite linked to Spain. This active Spanish foreign policy has been developed in a variety of diplomatic areas. The African Plan, which was presented by the Spanish government for the 2006-2008 period, is the framework utilized to define current Spanish foreign policy. Seven main objectives define Spanish foreign policy towards the region, whose underlying rationale is multilateralism. The latter provides a framework that facilitates the concerted actions between Spain and Sub-Saharan countries. Finally, this new perspective allows diverse ways of understanding that are capable of providing effective solutions to common challenges leading to feasible Solutions to the Sub-Saharan social, economic and political plight

Los registros más australes de Dromiciops gliroides: extendiendo su distribución más allá del bosque lluvioso valdiviano

The geographic range of a species is often limited by sampling approaches, underestimating the actual distribution. This is likely the case of Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria), an endemic marsupial from southern South America. We used camera-traps to record D. gliroides for the first time in Chaitén and Futaleufú (southern Chile), expanding its known distribution 100 km to the south. Climate and forest composition in this area differs from the typical Valdivian rainforest. Activity assessments show a narrow activity patterns compared to northern populations.El rango geográfico de una especie usualmente está limitado por el muestreo, subestimando su distribución. Este sería el caso de Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria), un marsupial endémico de Sudamérica austral. Usamos cámaras-trampa para registrar a D. gliroides por primera vez en Chaitén y Futaleufú (al sur de Chile), expandiendo su distribución 100 km al sur. El clima y la composición del bosque de esta área difieren del bosque valdiviano. Los patrones de actividad encontrados son más estrechos que los de las poblaciones más al norte

Sealing ability of materials used as protective cervical barrier in internal tooth bleaching

The use of a protective cervical barrier (PCB) is very well established to perform a safe internal bleaching; however, there is still no consensus on which material has the best sealing ability. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the apical and linear sealing of different PCB materials placed during internalbleaching. Material and methods: This study had two study factors: PCB positioning, divided at two levels (cement-enamel junction [CEJ] and 1mm above the cement enamel junction [CEJ+1]); and PCB material, divided at eight levels (resin composite [RC], glass ionomer cement [GIC], resin-modified glass ionomer cement liner [LRGIC], restorative resin-modified glass ionomer cement [RRGIC], zinc phosphate cement [ZPC], eugenol-free zinc oxide cement [ZOC],provisional filling resin [PFR] and gutta-percha as control [GUT]). Response variables were apical and linear sealing obtained through dye penetration and analyzed with a digital microscope. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The main factor for both apical and linear sealing was the type of material (p<0.01), regardless of their position. RC and ZPC presented the worst sealing values (p<0.05). The Spearmanrank correlation coefficient revealed a positive correlation between the apical and linear leakage. Conclusion: The results suggest that RC and ZPC must be avoided as a PCB during internal bleaching procedures.The use of a protective cervical barrier (PCB) is very well established to perform a safe internal bleaching; however, there is still no consensus on which material has the best sealing ability. Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the apical and linear sealing of different PCB materials placed during internalbleaching. Material and methods: This study had two study factors: PCB positioning, divided at two levels (cement-enamel junction [CEJ] and 1mm above the cement enamel junction [CEJ+1]); and PCB material, divided at eight levels (resin composite [RC], glass ionomer cement [GIC], resin-modified glass ionomer cement liner [LRGIC], restorative resin-modified glass ionomer cement [RRGIC], zinc phosphate cement [ZPC], eugenol-free zinc oxide cement [ZOC],provisional filling resin [PFR] and gutta-percha as control [GUT]). Response variables were apical and linear sealing obtained through dye penetration and analyzed with a digital microscope. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test (p<0.05). Results: The main factor for both apical and linear sealing was the type of material (p<0.01), regardless of their position. RC and ZPC presented the worst sealing values (p<0.05). The Spearmanrank correlation coefficient revealed a positive correlation between the apical and linear leakage. Conclusion: The results suggest that RC and ZPC must be avoided as a PCB during internal bleaching procedures

Few smooth d-polytopes with n lattice points

We prove that, for fixed n there exist only finitely many embeddings of Q-factorial toric varieties X into P^n that are induced by a complete linear system. The proof is based on a combinatorial result that for fixed nonnegative integers d and n, there are only finitely many smooth d-polytopes with n lattice points. We also enumerate all smooth 3-polytopes with at most 12 lattice points. In fact, it is sufficient to bound the singularities and the number of lattice points on edges to prove finiteness.Comment: 20+2 pages; major revision: new author, new structure, new result

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter