Tensiones de género en un marco de economías y políticas globalizadas en el departamento del Quindío - Colombia

The article discusses how various sexual orientations and identities have not been accepted by society throughout history, mainly due to religious influences. This lack of acceptance has resulted in the labeling of these expressions as factors of mental illness for sexually diverse individuals. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the tensions between sex, gender, and sexual orientation of the LGBTI-OSIGD population in the department of Quindío influenced the opportunities for access to services. Additionally, the study explored voluntary leaders' participation in public demonstrations to defend their rights. So, a survey was conducted using a mixed method that included demographic, labor, family, sociocultural, discrimination, health, and political-institutional characteristics. The research used non-probabilistic intentional sampling, resulting in 69 LGBTI-OSIGD people from ten municipalities in the department. The data was processed using the EXCEL program for quantitative analysis, focusing on the study variables. For the qualitative component, a group of categories (labor, education, health, and housing) was analyzed and captured by interviewing 16 people with different representative roles in the community, for which the Atlas.ti processor was used. Through this research, it was possible to establish that the most significant number of the population corresponds to gays from the municipalities of Pijao, Génova, and Circasia. They graduated from high school education, are single, affiliated with the subsidized health insurance scheme, are self-employed, are from nuclear families, and participate in non-governmental organizations that promote human rights. Finally, the research found that the LGBTI-OSIGD population engages in public demonstrations to demand better institutional services within public and political control bodies such as the Governor's Office of Quindío, Colombia.En relación con la diversidad sexual y de género, se muestra como la sociedad actual aún no ha podido aceptar las diferentes orientaciones e identidades a lo largo de la historia, debido a influencias religiosas, a causa de imaginarios que denominan este tipo de expresiones como factor de alguna enfermedad mental de las personas sexualmente diversas. Mediante este estudio se pretendió analizar si las tensiones entre sexo, género y orientación sexual de la población LGBTI-OSIGD en el departamento del Quindío, influye en las oportunidades de acceso a servicios; adicionalmente, se exploró en algunas personas que asumen el liderazgo en sus comunidades, su participación en las manifestaciones públicas para la defensa de sus derechos. Para alcanzar este propósito se desarrolló un estudio de las característicasdemográficas, laborales, familiares, socioculturales, de discriminación, salud y político-institucional, mediante el método mixto; se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional que estuvo constituido por sesenta y nueve personas LGBTI-OSIGD de diez municipios del departamento; se utilizó el programa de procesamiento de datos EXCEL para el análisis cuantitativo, con una aproximación a las variables de estudio. Para el componente cualitativo, se analizó un grupo de categorías (laboral, educación, salud y vivienda) que se capturó mediante entrevista a dieciséis personas con diferentes roles representativos en la comunidad, para lo cual se utilizó el procesador Atlas.ti. Mediante este trabajo se logró establecer que el mayor número de población corresponde a gais oriundos de los municipios de Pijao, Génova y Circasia, con escolaridad secundaria, de estado civil solteros, con afiliación al régimen de salud subsidiada, de ocupación independientes, de familias nucleares y que participan en Organizaciones No Gubernamentales que promueven los derechos humanos DD. HH. Con relación a la entrevista, los resultados indican que, en el aspecto laboral, la población requiere mayor apoyo en las empresas por ser persona diversa. Finalmente, se encontró que la población LGBTI-OSIGDparticipa en manifestaciones públicas, con el fin de exigir mayor oferta institucional dentro de los organismos de control público y político como la Gobernación del Quindío – Colombia

Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species

Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict thatmost of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world\u27s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Capitulo 5. Ciencias Agrícolas, Pecuarias y del Medio Ambiente

El aumento de las concentraciones de GEI es considerado como el responsable del actual calentamiento global, siendo el CO2 el principal GEI debido a las emisiones antropogénicas y registrando un aumento de 2.2 ppm más que en 2016, llegando a alcanzar las 405 ppm de la concentración global en los últimos 58 años (Blunden, 2018). Por lo cual el objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la capacidad de captura de CO2 de las especies de microalgas Chlorella Vulgaris. y Scenedesmus Obliquus. mediante el uso de fotobiorreactores como herramienta biotecnológica para el control de la contaminación atmosférica. Con los resultados de esta investigación, se pretende contribuir al desarrollo de biotecnologías para el control de la contaminación atmosférica enfocadas en las emisiones de CO2

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Initial ovarian sensitivity index predicts embryo quality and pregnancy potential in the first days of controlled ovarian stimulation

Abstract Background To determine if a modified ovarian sensitivity index (MOSI), based on initial follicular measurements and the initial follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dose, can predict the production of high-quality embryos for successful implantation during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Methods This study consisted of two phases: 1) a retrospective study and 2) a prospective observational study. For the first phase, 363 patients charts were reviewed, of which 283 had embryos transferred. All women underwent a standardized antagonist-based IVF protocol. At the first follow-up (Day 3/4), the number and size of the follicles were determined. MOSI was calculated as ln (number follicles (≥6 mm) × 1000 / FSH initial dose). Afterward, the number and quality of the ova, embryo development, and the number and quality of the blastocysts were determined. Embryo implantation was confirmed by β-hCG. For the second phase, 337 IVF cycles were followed to determine MOSI’s accuracy. Results MOSI could predict the production of ≥4 high-quality embryos by Day 2 (AUC = 0.69, 95%CI:0.63–0.75), ≥2 blastocysts (AUC = 0.74, 95%CI:0.68–0.79), and ≥ 35% rate of blastocyst formation (AUC = 0.65, 95%CI:0.58–0.72). Using linear regression, MOSI was highly associated with the number of ova captured (β = 5.15), MII oocytes (β = 4.31), embryos produced (β = 2.90), high-quality embryos (β = 0.98), and the blastocyst formation rate (β = 0.06, p < 0.01). Using logistic regression, MOSI was highly associated with achieving ≥4 high-quality embryos (odds ratio = 2.80, 95%CI:1.90–4.13), ≥2 blastocysts (odds ratio = 3.40, 95%CI:2.33–4.95), and ≥ 35% blastocysts formation rate (odds ratio = 1.96, 95%CI:1.31–2.92). This effect was independent of age, BMI, and antral follicle count. For implantation, MOSI was significantly associated with successful implantation (odds ratio = 1.79, 95%CI:1.25–2.57). For the prospective study, MOSI was highly accurate at predicting ≥6 high-quality embryos on Day 2 (accuracy = 68.5%), ≥6 blastocysts (accuracy = 68.0%), and a blastocyst formation rate of ≥35% (accuracy = 61.4%). Conclusion MOSI was highly correlated with key IVF parameters that are associated with achieved pregnancy. Using this index with antagonist cycles, clinicians may opt to stop an IVF cycle, under the assumption that the cycle will fail to produce good blastocysts, preventing wasting the patient’s resources and time