1,137 research outputs found
Generalized Assisted Inflation
We obtain a new class of exact cosmological solutions for multi-scalar fields
with exponential potentials. We generalize the assisted inflation solutions
previously obtained, and demonstrate how they are modified when there exist
cross-couplings between the fields, such as occur in supergravity inspired
cosmological models.Comment: 5 page
Aboveground biomass of a "campina" ecosystem in Roraima, Northern of Brazilian Amazonia
The aboveground biomass of a "campina" ecosystem was estimated in Roraima, in the northern portion of Brazilian Amazonia. The biomass was determined from a phytosociological inventory (1 ha) and distributed between two categories: (1) grassy-woody, composed of "herbs+lichens" (Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Cladonia spp), Bromeliaceae, seedlings, fine and coarse litter and, (2) woody, composed of trees and bushes. The grassy-woody category was estimated by the direct method (cutting and weighing) in 10 1-m² plots, taking advantage of transects of the inventory. The category woody was estimated by the indirect method cutting 98 individuals of different species and diameters. A model was generated to express the relationship among total dry above-ground biomass (kg), base circumference (cm) and total height (m) for the individuals in this category. The equation was applied to the 3,966 ind.ha-1 observed in the inventory. The total biomass was estimated at 15.91 t.ha-1, of which 2.20 ± 0.23 t.ha-1 (13.8%) was in the grassy-woody category and 13.70 ± 7.13 t.ha-1 (86.2%) in woody category. The tree species with the highest biomass was Humiria balsamifera (Aubl.) St. Hill. (8.43 t.ha-1), followed by Pagamea guianensis Aubl. (1.14 t.ha-1). These results are important for refining the calculations of greenhouse-gas emissions from burning and decomposition of above-ground biomass in "campina" ecosystems in the Amazon region.Foi estimada a biomassa (viva + morta) acima do solo de um ecossistema de "campina" localizado em Roraima, norte da Amazônia brasileira. A biomassa foi determinada a partir de um inventário fitossociológico (1 ha amostral) e distribuída em dois estratos(1) gramíneo-lenhoso, composto de "ervas + liquens" (Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Eriocaulaceae, Cladonia spp), Bromeliaceae, plântulas, "litter" fino e grosso e, (2) arbóreo-arbustivo, composto por árvores e arbustos. O estrato gramíneo-lenhoso foi estimado pelo método direto (corte e pesagem) através de 10 quadras de 1m², aproveitando os transectos do inventário. O estrato arbóreo-arbustivo foi estimado pelo método indireto com o corte de 98 indivíduos de diferentes espécies e diâmetros. Foi gerado um modelo para expressar a relação entre a biomassa seca total (kg), a circunferência de base (cm) e a altura total (m) para os indivíduos deste estrato. A equação foi aplicada nos 3.966 indivíduos.ha-1 observados no inventário. A biomassa total foi estimada em 15,91 t.ha-1, sendo 2,20 ± 0,23 t.ha-1 (13,8%) do estrato gramíneo-lenhoso e 13,70 ± 7,13 t.ha-1 (86,2%) do arbóreo-arbustivo. A espécie arbórea de maior biomassa foi Humiria balsamifera (Aubl.) St. Hill. (8,43 t.ha-1), seguida de Pagamea guianensis Aubl. (1,14 t.ha-1). Estes resultados são importantes para refinar os cálculos de emissão de gases do efeito estufa pela queima e decomposição da biomassa acima do solo em ecossistemas de campinas na Amazônia
Interatomic potentials for atomistic simulations of the Ti-Al system
Semi-empirical interatomic potentials have been developed for Al, alpha-Ti,
and gamma-TiAl within the embedded atomic method (EAM) by fitting to a large
database of experimental as well as ab-initio data. The ab-initio calculations
were performed by the linear augmented plane wave (LAPW) method within the
density functional theory to obtain the equations of state for a number of
crystal structures of the Ti-Al system. Some of the calculated LAPW energies
were used for fitting the potentials while others for examining their quality.
The potentials correctly predict the equilibrium crystal structures of the
phases and accurately reproduce their basic lattice properties. The potentials
are applied to calculate the energies of point defects, surfaces, planar faults
in the equilibrium structures. Unlike earlier EAM potentials for the Ti-Al
system, the proposed potentials provide reasonable description of the lattice
thermal expansion, demonstrating their usefulness in the molecular dynamics or
Monte Carlo studies at high temperatures. The energy along the tetragonal
deformation path (Bain transformation) in gamma-TiAl calculated with the EAM
potential is in a fairly good agreement with LAPW calculations. Equilibrium
point defect concentrations in gamma-TiAl are studied using the EAM potential.
It is found that antisite defects strongly dominate over vacancies at all
compositions around stoichiometry, indicating that gamm-TiAl is an antisite
disorder compound in agreement with experimental data.Comment: 46 pages, 6 figures (Physical Review B, in press
Floristic and vegetation structure of a grassland plant community on shallow basalt in southern Brazil
Exponential Potentials for Tracker Fields
We show that a general, exact cosmological solution, where dynamics of scalar
field is assigned by an exponential potential, fulfils all the issues of dark
energy approach, both from a theoretical point of view and in comparison with
available observational data. Moreover, tracking conditions are discussed, with
a new treatment of the well known condition . We prove that the
currently used expression for is wrong.Comment: 29 pages,12 figures; contact [email protected]; revised version, to
appear in Physical Review
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
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