Use of Persistent Analogs of Abscisic Acid as Palliatives against Salt-stress Induced Damage in Citrus Plants

The effectiveness of several abscisic acid (ABA) analogs as palliatives against salt stress in intact citrus plants has been tested in this work. The effect of ABA, 8¢-methylene ABA, 8¢-acetylene ABA, ABA methyl ester, 8¢-methylene ABA methyl ester, and 8¢-acetylene ABA methyl ester on citrus responses to salt stress was studied on 2-year-old grafted plants. Leaf abscission, chloride accumulation, ethylene production, and net photosynthetic rate were the parameters used to characterize the performance of plants under stress. Data indicate that 8¢-methylene ABA was the most effective compound in delaying the deleterious effects of high salinity on citrus plants. Its regular application reduced leaf chloride concentration, ethylene production, and leaf abscission. Furthermore, it delayed the depletion of CO2 assimilation under these adverse conditions. Abscisic acid and 8¢-acetylene ABA also reduced salt-stress induced injuries in citrus, although to a lower extent. Neither ABA methyl ester nor its 8¢-C modified analogs showed biological activity in these assays

Recorrido Itinerario Sevilla-Mérida. La rubefacción en suelos de Sierra Morena y Extremadura. Rubefacción sobre materiales ácidos

25 páginas.-- 4 tablas.-- 4 perfiles de suelos.--- Guía científica: Excursión Sevilla-Salamanca..-- Actas del XII Congreso Latinoamericano de la Ciencia del Suelo. Salamanca, Sevilla (ESPAÑA), 19 a 23 de septiembre de 1993.La catena de suelos de LOS LAGOS DEL SERRANO se encuentra en plena Sierra Morena, en la provincia de Sevilla, término municipal de El Ronquillo, en el área de la urbanización denominada "LAGOS DEL SERRANO" Se ubica en la hoja topográfica nº 948 “Castilblanco de los Arroyos", cerca del embalse de CALA. El relieve de esta zona va de colinado a abrupto de tipo estructural, muy bien definidoy perfectamente alineado según las direcciones de los pliegues, fruto de la intensa orogénia hertzinica que plegó y remodeló los materialesdepositados y sedimentados durante el Paleozóico.Peer reviewe

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año XVII Otoño-Invierno 1999 n. 3 pp. 723-751]

Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaMaluquer de Motes, J. Historia económica de Catalunya, segles XIX i XX (Por Gabriel Tortella).-- Muñoz de Juana, R. Moral y economía en la obra de Martín de Axpilcueta (Por F. Gómez Camacho).-- Rothbard Murray, N. Historia del pensamiento económico (Por Carlos Rodríguez Braun).-- Ferrer i Alós, L. La vinya al Bages (Por Juan Carmona).-- Alonso Olea, E.; Erro Gasca, C , y Arana Pérez,L. Santa Ana de Bolueta, 1841-1998. Renovación y supervivencia en la siderurgia vizcaína (Por Eugenio Torres Villanueva).-- Moreno Luzón, J. Romanones. Caciquismo y política liberal (Por Miguel Ángel Martorell Linares).-- Alonso Álvarez, L. As tecedeiras do fume. Historia da Fábrica de Tabacos da Coruña (Por Eloy Fernández Clemente).-- Erro Gasca, C. Promoción empresarial y cambio económico en Navarra, 1830-1913 (Por Carlos Larrinaga Rodríguez).-- De Vries, J. y Van Der Woude, A. The First Modem Economy. Success, Failure, and Perseverance ofthe Dutch Economy, 1500-1815 (Por Clara Eugenia Núñez).-- Ludow, L. y Marichal, C. La Banca en México, 1820-1920, y Un siglo de deuda pública en México (Por Pablo Martín Aceña)Publicad

Morphological, physiological, and molecular scion traits are determinant for salt-stress tolerance of grafted citrus plants

IntroductionCitrus productivity has been decreasing in the last decade in the Mediterranean basin as a consequence of climate change and the high levels of salinity found in the aquifers. Citrus varieties are cultivated grafted onto a rootstock, which has been reported as responsible for plant tolerance to adverse situations. However, other important factors for stress tolerance relying in the scion have been less studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the grafted scion on citrus tolerance to salt stress.MethodsFour different citrus rootstock/scion combinations were subjected to salt stress for 30 days, using Carrizo citrange (CC) or Citrus macrophylla (CM) as rootstocks, and Navelina orange (NA) or Oronules mandarin (OR) as scions. CM-OR was the most tolerant combination, whereas CC-NA was the most sensitive one.Results and discussionOur results support the idea that the rootstock plays an important role in salt stress tolerance, but scion is also crucial. Thus, photosynthesis and transpiration, processes regulated by abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, are determinant of plant performance. These photosynthetic parameters were not affected in plants of the salt-tolerant combination CM-OR, probably due to the lower intoxication with Cl− ions, allowing a better performance of the photosynthetic machinery under stress conditions. The different stomatal density of the two citrus scions used in this work (higher in the sensitive NA in comparison to the tolerant OR) also contributes to the different tolerance of the grafted plants to this adverse condition. Additionally, CsDTX35.1 and CsDTX35.2, genes codifying for Cl− tonoplast transporters, were exclusively overexpressed in plants of the salt-tolerant combination CM-OR, suggesting that these transporters involved in Cl− compartmentalization could be crucial for salt stress tolerance. It is concluded that to improve citrus tolerance to high salinity, it is important that scions have a versatile photosynthetic system, an adequate stomatal density, and a proper modulation of genes coding for Cl− transporters in the tonoplast

Productions and technical knowledge in the Early Neolithic in Catalonia

The development of the economic activities inherent to the establishment of Neolithic farming activities entails an increasing technical specialization. This is often visible through the exploitation of specific resources, the development of suitable techniques for the manufacture of consumption goods as well as new ways of using and consuming them. We briefly present the main features of the technical productions carried out by the first Neolithic populations in the northeast of Iberia, trying to characterize the technical knowledge spent on all of them and making their signs of specialization clear.[FR] Le développement des activités économiques inhérent à l’implantation des activités agricoles et d’élevage du Néolithique entraîne une spécialisation technique croissante. Cela se traduit souvent par l’exploitation de ressources spécifiques, le développement de techniques appropriées pour la fabrication de biens de consommation, et de nouvelles façons de les utiliser et de les consommer. Nous présentons brièvement les principales caractéristiques des productions techniques réalisées par les premières populations néolithiques du nord-est de la péninsule ibérique, en essayant de caractériser les connaissances techniques dépensées dans chacune d’elles et en mettant en évidence leurs indications de spécialisation

PUERTO DE LA SELVA (Gerona) (Bahía). Cartas náuticas. 1889 (1888). 1:10.000

Escala también dada de forma gráfica en media milla y 1000 metros. Coordenadas de la Iglesia del Puerto de la Selva referidas al meridiano de San Fernando (E 9°24'54''/N 42°20'11''). Orientado con estrella en gráfico de declinación magnéticaOrografía por normales y puntos acotados expresados en metrosIndica sondas e isolíneas batimetricas en metros, veriles, fondeaderos y bancos de arenaClave hidrográfica para determinar la calidad del fondoDestacan los caminos y núcleos de poblaciónConsta el sello de la Dirección de Hidrografí

Status and Recent Results of the Acoustic Neutrino Detection Test System AMADEUS

The AMADEUS system is an integral part of the ANTARES neutrino telescope in the Mediterranean Sea. The project aims at the investigation of techniques for acoustic neutrino detection in the deep sea. Installed at a depth of more than 2000m, the acoustic sensors of AMADEUS are based on piezo-ceramics elements for the broad-band recording of signals with frequencies ranging up to 125kHz. AMADEUS was completed in May 2008 and comprises six "acoustic clusters", each one holding six acoustic sensors that are arranged at distances of roughly 1m from each other. The clusters are installed with inter-spacings ranging from 15m to 340m. Acoustic data are continuously acquired and processed at a computer cluster where online filter algorithms are applied to select a high-purity sample of neutrino-like signals. 1.6 TB of data were recorded in 2008 and 3.2 TB in 2009. In order to assess the background of neutrino-like signals in the deep sea, the characteristics of ambient noise and transient signals have been investigated. In this article, the AMADEUS system will be described and recent results will be presented.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures. Proceedings of ARENA 2010, the 4th International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activitie

Acoustic and optical variations during rapid downward motion episodes in the deep north-western Mediterranean Sea

An Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was moored at the deep-sea site of the ANTARES neutrino telescope near Toulon, France, thus providing a unique opportunity to compare high-resolution acoustic and optical observations between 70 and 170 m above the sea bed at 2475 m. The ADCP measured downward vertical currents of magnitudes up to 0.03 m s-1 in late winter and early spring 2006. In the same period, observations were made of enhanced levels of acoustic reflection, interpreted as suspended particles including zooplankton, by a factor of about 10 and of horizontal currents reaching 0.35 m s-1. These observations coincided with high light levels detected by the telescope, interpreted as increased bioluminescence. During winter 2006 deep dense-water formation occurred in the Ligurian subbasin, thus providing a possible explanation for these observations. However, the 10-20 days quasi-periodic episodes of high levels of acoustic reflection, light and large vertical currents continuing into the summer are not direct evidence of this process. It is hypothesized that the main process allowing for suspended material to be moved vertically later in the year is local advection, linked with topographic boundary current instabilities along the rim of the 'Northern Current'.Comment: 30 pages, 7 figure

Clinical efficacy of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations for the treatment of bloodstream infection due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in haematological patients with neutropaenia: a study protocol for a retrospective observational study (BICAR)

Introduction: Bloodstream infection (BSI) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (ESBL-GNB) is increasing at an alarming pace worldwide. Although β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BLBLI) combinations have been suggested as an alternative to carbapenems for the treatment of BSI due to these resistant organisms in the general population, their usefulness for the treatment of BSI due to ESBL-GNB in haematological patients with neutropaenia is yet to be elucidated. The aim of the BICAR study is to compare the efficacy of BLBLI combinations with that of carbapenems for the treatment of BSI due to an ESBL-GNB in this population. Methods and analysis: A multinational, multicentre, observational retrospective study. Episodes of BSI due to ESBL-GNB occurring in haematological patients and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with neutropaenia from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2015 will be analysed. The primary end point will be case-fatality rate within 30 days of onset of BSI. The secondary end points will be 7-day and 14-day case-fatality rates, microbiological failure, colonisation/infection by resistant bacteria, superinfection, intensive care unit admission and development of adverse events. Sample size: The number of expected episodes of BSI due to ESBL-GNB in the participant centres will be 260 with a ratio of control to experimental participants of 2. Ethics and dissemination: The protocol of the study was approved at the first site by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge. Approval will be also sought from all relevant RECs. Any formal presentation or publication of data from this study will be considered as a joint publication by the participating investigators and will follow the recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). The study has been endorsed by the European Study Group for Bloodstream Infection and Sepsis (ESGBIS) and the European Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH)

The ANTARES Telescope Neutrino Alert System

The ANTARES telescope has the capability to detect neutrinos produced in astrophysical transient sources. Potential sources include gamma-ray bursts, core collapse supernovae, and flaring active galactic nuclei. To enhance the sensitivity of ANTARES to such sources, a new detection method based on coincident observations of neutrinos and optical signals has been developed. A fast online muon track reconstruction is used to trigger a network of small automatic optical telescopes. Such alerts are generated for special events, such as two or more neutrinos, coincident in time and direction, or single neutrinos of very high energy.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures submitted to Astroparticle Physic