Efectividad biológica de especies nativas de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares en cedro rojo (cedrela odorata l.)

Debido a la importancia en la interacción simbiótica de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) con especies vegetales, así como la escasa información de los beneficios que ofrecen estos hongos en especies tropicales de importancia económica y forestal. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos de algunas especies de hongos micorrícicos nativos del estado de Veracruz asociadas a plantas de Cedrela odorata en la etapa inicial de crecimiento. Se utilizaron diferentes regímenes de fertilización representadas en partes por millón (RF: 0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 ppm) de una mezcla de los fertilizantes 7-7-17 entre la semana 1 a la 5 después de la siembra (dds), 20-7-19 en la semana 7 hasta la 13 (dds) y 4-7-35 en la semana 14 a la 18 (dds). Las variables evaluadas fueron: el diámetro, la altura, número de hojas cada 20 días, mientras que el peso seco del tallo y raíz así como el porcentaje de colonización se determinó a los 4 meses después de establecido el experimento, el cual fue diseñado en un arreglo factorial aleatorizado con base a los 2 factores principales (HMA y regímenes de fertilización). El análisis de los datos buscó el efecto en la regímenes de fertilización (RF), la inoculación con HMA y en la combinación de estos dos factores (RF*HMA) para las variables evaluadas, a través de modelo lineal general (GLM). El análisis de varianza mostró únicamente diferencias estadísticas (p≤0.05) entre la regímenes de fertilización 25 ppm con respecto a la 0 ppm. Las especies Acaulospora mellea, Diversispora spurca y Glomus agregatum fueron las que aportaron el mayor desarrollo. Con los resultados de este estudio aseveramos las bondades endomicorrícicas nativas, reduciendo eficientemente en 50% la utilización excesiva de fertilizantes contaminantes del medio ambiente y que son utilizadas en la producción de planta de Cedrela odorata a nivel nacional. Además, estos hongos aportaron las características morfológicas principales para la calidad de planta capaz aumentar la sobrevivencia en áreas degradadas naturales y contribuir en el establecimiento de las comunidades vegetales nativas dentro de las restauraciones y/o plantaciones forestales comerciales implementadas en los trópicos mexicanos

Nutrición mineral y rendimiento de sorgo inoculado con cepas microbianas en dos agroambientes

Los inoculantes microbianos poseen gran importancia ecológica y económica en la agricultura. Se evaluó la efectividad agrobiológica de la inoculación de cepas microbianas en sorgo (D-47) cultivado en condiciones de riego y temporal. Fueron seis cepas experimentales de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares [3 (Funneliformis mosseae), 20 (Gigaspora albida), 32 (F. mosseae), 35 (F. mosseae), 39 (F. mosseae) y 55 (Gigaspora albida)], un consorcio de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento [Pseudomonas spp. (Bacteriano 2709)] (Ba), micorriza arbuscular INIFAP (Rhizophagus intraradices) (M) y testigo fertilizado (TF), con dosis de 60-40-00 y 120-40-00, para temporal y riego, respectivamente. Se midió clorofila (SPAD), nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn) foliar, biomasas foliar y radical, colonización micorrízica y rendimiento de grano. Las cepas microbianas influyeron de forma diferente en las características de sorgo sembrado en los agroambientes. En general se observó mejor respuesta del sorgo en la condición de riego. El contenido de Zn, la colonización micorrízica y biomasa radical, no fueron influenciados por la condición de humedad. En riego, los mayores índices de clorofila fueron con TF y M; en la absorción de N destacaron TF, M y las cepas 3 y 32; los mayores valores de P se observaron con la cepa 35; para Fe sobresalió la cepa 32. Así mismo, el consorcio Bacteriano 2709 incrementó el Zn, mientras que en temporal fue la cepa 39. La mayor colonización se registró en M y cepas 55, 39 y 35. En rendimiento de grano, las cepas 39, 3 y M, fueron competitivas con TF y superaron al resto de los tratamientos. Los resultados demostraron que la expresión del potencial de los inoculantes microbianos en la nutrición y rendimiento de sorgo, variaron en función a la cepa utilizada y a la condición de riego y temporal

Dating historical droughts from religious ceremonies, the international pro pluvia rogation database

Climate proxy data are required for improved understanding of climate variability and change in the pre-instrumental period. We present the first international initiative to compile and share information on pro pluvia rogation ceremonies, which is a well-studied proxy of agricultural drought. Currently, the database has more than 3500 dates of celebration of rogation ceremonies, providing information for 153 locations across 11 countries spanning the period from 1333 to 1949. This product provides data for better understanding of the pre-instrumental drought variability, validating natural proxies and model simulations, and multi-proxy rainfall reconstructions, amongst other climatic exercises. The database is freely available and can be easily accessed and visualized via http://inpro.unizar.es/.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The global EPTO database: Worldwide occurrences of aquatic insects

Motivation: Aquatic insects comprise 64% of freshwater animal diversity and are widely used as bioindicators to assess water quality impairment and freshwater ecosystem health, as well as to test ecological hypotheses. Despite their importance, a comprehensive, global database of aquatic insect occurrences for mapping freshwater biodiversity in macroecological studies and applied freshwater research is missing. We aim to fill this gap and present the Global EPTO Database, which includes worldwide geo-referenced aquatic insect occurrence records for four major taxa groups: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata (EPTO). Main type of variables contained: A total of 8,368,467 occurrence records globally, of which 8,319,689 (99%) are publicly available. The records are attributed to the corresponding drainage basin and sub-catchment based on the Hydrography90m dataset and are accompanied by the elevation value, the freshwater ecoregion and the protection status of their location. Spatial location and grain: The database covers the global extent, with 86% of the observation records having coordinates with at least four decimal digits (11.1 m precision at the equator) in the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) coordinate reference system. Time period and grain: Sampling years span from 1951 to 2021. Ninety-nine percent of the records have information on the year of the observation, 95% on the year and month, while 94% have a complete date. In the case of seven sub-datasets, exact dates can be retrieved upon communication with the data contributors.Major taxa and level of measurement: Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera and Odonata, standardized at the genus taxonomic level. We provide species names for 7,727,980 (93%) records without further taxonomic verification. Software format: The entire tab-separated value (.csv) database can be downloaded and visualized at https://glowa bio.org/proje ct/epto_datab ase/. Fifty individual datasets are also available at https://fred.igb-berlin. de, while six datasets have restricted access. For the latter, we share metadata and the contact details of the authors

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI