Untold experiences from the perspectives of women mortuary science students: A qualitative study

Women students are entering mortuary science programs, being retained, and graduating at much higher rates than ever before. This is despite research that shows women in science-related programs often face discrimination and other barriers to degree completion (Bailey & DiPrete 2016; Jesse 2006; Shauman 2016; Steele et al., 2002; Title IX at 45, 2017). The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore current and former mortuary science students’—who identify as women—lived educational and professional experiences. A secondary goal was to generate recommendations to improve learning environments. This study focused on 10 mortuary science students’ educational journeys. Participants were recruited to participate in two, semi-structured interviews and asked to prepare and handwrite an “open letter” prior to the second interview.After multiple cycles of coding (initial and focused), salient categories were developed, and I situated themes within them. This study applied an a posteriori framework, specifically the theory of gendered organizations developed by Joan Acker (1990) to code and understand how institutions or workplaces remain gendered. Three key findings emerged from the data analysis. First, participants were met with an abundance of gendered interaction processes that ultimately influenced their journeys in a variety of ways. Second, participants felt that their gender is either hyper-focused on or disregarded completely (gender blind). Their narratives unearthed that mainstream and gender blindness is present not only in organizational logic, but also in hierarchies, jobs, and their substructures, including forms and handbooks, and even funeral-related equipment. A final key finding of this study is that “bodied processes” and embodiment or consideration of the whole being are not welcome (age, race/ethnicity, body size, religion, sexual orientation, etc.) and affected the participants' educational journey by making it more challenging and forming unnecessary barriers. The outcomes of this study are intended to provide insight into what women’s journeys to becoming a funeral director look like and recommendations on how to adapt educational programs, both academically and professionally, to ensure all students are given an equitable opportunity in the funeral service industry

Observations of the High Redshift Universe

(Abridged) In these lectures aimed for non-specialists, I review progress in understanding how galaxies form and evolve. Both the star formation history and assembly of stellar mass can be empirically traced from redshifts z~6 to the present, but how the various distant populations inter-relate and how stellar assembly is regulated by feedback and environmental processes remains unclear. I also discuss how these studies are being extended to locate and characterize the earlier sources beyond z~6. Did early star-forming galaxies contribute significantly to the reionization process and over what period did this occur? Neither theory nor observations are well-developed in this frontier topic but the first results presented here provide important guidance on how we will use more powerful future facilities.Comment: To appear in `First Light in Universe', Saas-Fee Advanced Course 36, Swiss Soc. Astrophys. Astron. in press. 115 pages, 64 figures (see http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~rse/saas-fee.pdf for hi-res figs.) For lecture ppt files see http://obswww.unige.ch/saas-fee/preannouncement/course_pres/overview_f.htm

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Determining the halo mass scale where galaxies lose their gas

A major question in galaxy formation is how the gas supply that fuels activity in galaxies is modulated by their environment. We use spectroscopy of a set of well characterized clusters and groups at $0.410.4$) of these old galaxies with weak [OII] emission. We use line ratios and compare to studies of local early type galaxies to conclude that this gas is likely excited by post-AGB stars and hence represents a diffuse gas component in the galaxies. For cluster and group galaxies the fraction with EW([OII])$>5$\AA\ is $f_{[OII]}=0.08^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$ and $f_{[OII]}=0.06^{+0.07}_{-0.04}$ respectively. For field galaxies we find $f_{[OII]}=0.27^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$, representing a 2.8$\sigma$ difference between the [OII] fractions for old galaxies between the different environments. We conclude that a population of old galaxies in all environments has ionized gas that likely stems from stellar mass loss. In the field galaxies also experience gas accretion from the cosmic web and in groups and clusters these galaxies have had their gas accretion shut off by their environment. Additionally, galaxies with emission preferentially avoid the virialized region of the cluster in position-velocity space. We discuss the implications of our results, among which is that gas accretion shutoff is likely effective at group halo masses (log~${\cal M}/$\msol$>12.8$) and that there are likely multiple gas removal processes happening in dense environments