Analysis of coastal changes along the New River Spit, Bandon Littoral Cell, relevant to an adjustment of the Statutory Vegetation Line on the south coast of Oregon

Among Oregon's major tourist attractions is the State's beautiful and impressive coastal scenery. Sandy beaches, usually backed by sea-cliffs or dune fields, are regularly disrupted either by the mouths of shallow bays and estuaries, or by massive rocky headlands extending hundreds of meters into the Pacific Ocean. Storm-generated waves, tides, and coastal winds are counted among the many factors that constantly change the shoreline, reshape the beaches, erode the cliffs, generate dunes and form sand spits. The thousands of tourists who visit the coast each year have the opportunity to enjoy hiking, surfing or simply walking on the beach, thanks to the State's policies and regulations adopted to provide the public with access and use of Oregon's diverse coastal natural and scenic resources. The concept of having a public easement along the coastline was first introduced by the Oregon State Senate one-hundred years ago. The 1899 General Laws of Oregon declared the coastal beaches in Clatsop County a "public highway", while the 1913 Beach Bill extended the concept from the mouth of the Columbia River south to the California border. Both laws identified the public right of use only within the tidal portion of the beach, excluding the adjoining dry sand area. The 1913 bill also recognized that the State had already sold sections of the coast to private ownership: Of the 400 km of usable beach along Oregon's 570 km coastline, 190 km are privately owned. Thus, public and private rights over Oregon beaches have been in constant dispute ever since. In an attempt to resolve such problems, the State Senate convened in 1967 to create a new Beach Bill which would ensure those owning beach-front property the rights of private ownership, and at the same time preserve for the public as much of the beach as possible for their use and enjoyment [55th Legislative Assembly, 1969]. Thus, the 54th Legislative Assembly in 1967 created a Statutory Vegetation Line (SVL) to represent the landward limit of the beach zone, open to the public. Location of the SVL or beach zone line was originally established by the 16-foot elevation contour but became subject to much controversy, thus this criteria was analyzed and the SVL was redefined to be formed by a series of straight lines connecting a set of points defined within the Oregon Coordinate System [ORS 093.330], which at the time of the surveys, coincided approximately with the actual line of vegetation [ORS 390.770]. This new beach zone line, located slightly landward from the previous one, was enacted by the 55th Legislature Assembly and became law in 1969. However, far from halting disputes, the location and criteria established to define the SVL provided the ground for new problems; this study serves as an example to illustrate such continued conflicts

BIM 5D para performance estructural con sistema de aislamiento de la base en un edificio de 8 pisos, Trujillo 2021

La presente investigación realizada es sobre la disminución de la demanda sísmica para las estructuras, cuando se emplean aisladores de base elastoméricos, estableciendo una comparación entre estructuras convencionales con base fija y estructura aislada en su base. Para este caso de estudio perteneciente a la Industria de la Construcción se tiene diferentes tipos de aisladores de base entre ellos las gomas de alto amortiguamiento, las gomas de bajo amortiguamiento con núcleo de plomo y el sistema de péndulo de ficción, lo cual se utilizó el de Núcleo de Plomo dado que se define las propiedades del aislador empleando el modelo bilineal, el modelado y los análisis correspondientes que se desarrollan empleando el ETABS Los resultados del presente documento miden la reducción de la demanda sísmica (desplazamientos y aceleraciones) y evidencian su Performance Estructural adecuado, lo cual es de importancia en emplear técnicas de control estructural para lograr un nivel de desempeño superior garantizando la seguridad a la vida y la integridad de la estructura y sus contenidos para sismos con intensidades altas. Se puede también mencionar que en edificaciones importantes en diferentes partes del país a largo plazo se podrá obtener un beneficio y prevención no solo estructural; sino también una estimación de costos para una rentabilidad y/o evaluación económica viable, así como utilizando y aplicando en forma innovadora con BIM 5DThe present investigation carried out is on the reduction of the seismic demand for the structures, when elastomeric base insulators are used, establishing a comparison between conventional structures with a fixed base and an isolated structure at its base. For this case study belonging to the Construction Industry, there are different types of base insulators, including high damping rubbers, low damping rubbers with lead core and the fictional pendulum system, which was used of Lead Core since the properties of the insulator are defined using the bilinear model, the modeling and the corresponding analyzes that are developed using the ETABS The results of this document measure the reduction of the seismic demand (displacements and accelerations) and show its Performance Adequate structural, which is important in employing structural control techniques to achieve a higher level of performance, guaranteeing life safety and the integrity of the structure and its contents for earthquakes with high intensity. It can also be mentioned that in important buildings in different parts of the country in the long term it will be possible to obtain a benefit and prevention not only structural; but also a cost estimate for a profitability and / or viable economic evaluation as well as using and applying in an innovative way with BIM 5

Radar remote sensing estimates of waves and wave forcing at a tidal inlet

Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 32 (2015): 842–854, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-14-00215.1.The time and space variability of wave transformation through a tidal inlet is investigated with radar remote sensing. The frequency of wave breaking and the net wave breaking dissipation at high spatial resolution is estimated using image sequences acquired with a land-based X-band marine radar. Using the radar intensity data, transformed to normalized radar cross section σ0, the temporal and spatial distributions of wave breaking are identified using a threshold developed via the data probability density function. In addition, the inlet bathymetry is determined via depth inversion of the radar-derived frequencies and wavenumbers of the surface waves using a preexisting algorithm (cBathy). Wave height transformation is calculated through the 1D cross-shore energy flux equation incorporating the radar-estimated breaking distribution and bathymetry. The accuracy of the methodology is tested by comparison with in situ wave height observations over a 9-day period, obtaining correlation values R = 0.68 to 0.96, and root-mean-square errors from 0.05 to 0.19 m. Predicted wave forcing, computed as the along-inlet gradient of the cross-shore radiation stress was onshore during high-wave conditions, in good agreement (R = 0.95) with observations.These data were collected as part of a joint field program, Data Assimilation and Remote Sensing for Littoral Applications (DARLA) and Rivers and Inlets (RIVET-1), both funded by the Office of Naval Research. The authors were funded through the Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-10-1-0932 and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.2015-10-0

Principios generales sobre fundición a presion

166 p.El fin de desarrollo de esta tesis es mostrar en forma clara y precisa el desarrollo del proceso de inyección de metales no ferricos, mas conocido como fundición a presión, desde el instante en que el metal se encuentra en estado de fusión hasta la obtención de un producto acabado, pasando por todas las etapas del proceso de fabricación. Todo aquel que intervenga en cualquier tipo de fabricación, debe estar familiarizado con los conceptos básicos de la metalurgia, razón por la cual hemos incluido un capitulo para este fin, mencionando los conceptos e ideas de mayor importancia. Los principios básicos de la técnica del proceso, las maquinas de inyección y sus diferencias están tratadas con simplicidad recurriendo al uso, cuando es necesario, de ecuaciones elementales que permiten gran claridad. Esta misma modalidad la hemos empleado para el desarrollo del capitulo relacionado con el molde en el que damos gran importancia al calculo del ataque de colada y la determinación de los datos mas importantes del tipo de maquina que conviene elegir. No se ha dejado de lado, la manutención que requiere la zona más importante de una maquina de inyección: el molde; así como tampoco, los dispositivos de seguridad más corrientemente empleados. Por ultimo nos referimos al acabado del pro-ducto obtenido y los defectos que se presentan más fre-cuentemente así como la razón por la que se producen. El desglose de las unidades que conforman el desarrollo de este proceso, mencionadas anteriormente, ayudadas por un gran numero de esquemas, gráficos y fotografías, permiten el cumplimiento del objetivo de esta tesis: "Mostrar el desarrollo del proceso de fundición a presión en forma clara y precisa haciendo participar todos los factores que lo determinan y, que constituya un auxiliar eficaz para todos cuantos estén interesados en ella"

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months. Findings Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01). Interpretation Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives