ARSHOGHNA (ANTI-HEMORRHOIDAL) HERBAL DRUGS OF RAJNIGHANTU: A LITERARY REVIEW

Ayurveda plays vital role in curing Arsha (Hemorrhoids) without surgical intervention there are so many herbal drug having Arshoghna property. Many treatment modalities have been explained in Brihatrayi (Charak, Sushruta, Vagbhata) and Laghutrayi (Sharangdhara, Bhavaprakash and Madhav Nidan). In Rajnighantu pandit Narahari mentions numerous drugs acting on hemorrhoids. The present study is designed to screen the drugs with Arshoghna, Visheshat, Gudajapaham, Raktarshara, Gudaraktahruta, Gudankurnash, Gudartinash, Vatarshahara properties. Out of 789 herbal drugs 38 were described in for the treatment of hemorrhoids throughout the text of Rajnighantu. In Arshas management the systemic medicines act by improving appetite, regularize bowl habits, astringent action on blood vessels and maintaining Agni and Srotas in equilibrium. Among all the Arshoghna drugs are described in Rajnighantu, maximum drug are Tikta or Katu or Kasaya rasa Pradhana and most of the drug is Usna in Virya. It can also be said that the drugs having Katu, Tikta, Kashaya rasa, Guru, Tikshna and Ksharaguna, Ushnavirya and Katuvipaka play major role in the treatment of Arsha

Effect of Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman infestation on Apis mellifera L. adults

Maximum incidence of Varrosis on adults of Apis mellifera L. (8%) was recorded in second fortnight of May 2008 corresponds to the peak in V. destructor population. Percent deformity was calculated by observing 100 adult bees. Deformity in adult bees was low which ranged between 0.0 to 3.0 per cent with an average of 0.52 per cent. Significant positive correlation (r = 0.77) was calculated between per cent mite infestation and per cent bee deformity which revealed that with increase in mite infestation, there was a corresponding increase in deformity of bees

Translocation and enrichment of heavy metals in Brassica juncea grown in Paper mill effluent irrigated soil

The present study observed the accumulation of heavy metals in Brassica juncea irrigated with paper mill effluent (PME) and control Bore well water (BWW). The soil was treated to five rates of effluents viz. 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/Kg soil. It was revealed 100% PME irrigation of soil increased Pb (+46.44%), Cr (+83.21%), Ni (+38.43%) and Cd (+78.92%). The enrichment factor (Ef) for Cr and Cd showed moderate enrichment with 10% to 75% PME irrigated soil, except Cr (5.96) which showed significant enrichment with 100% PME irrigated soil. Ef value for Pb and Ni showed deficiency to mineral enrichment with different concentrations of PME irrigated soil. The maximum accumulation of Pb (42.66±2.05 mg/kg), Cr (39.80±5.95 mg/kg), Ni (88.64±11.29 mg/kg) and Cd (5.85±0.29 mg/kg) were recorded in leaves of B. juncea, while that of Pb (43.85±3.46 mg/kg), Cr (48.59±3.81 mg/kg), Cd (6.74±1.22 mg/kg) with 100% and Ni (74.93±2.54 mg/kg) were recorded with 75% PME after 60 days in roots of the B. juncea. Ef value was found maximum for Cr (5.08) in leaves and for Pb (6.64) in roots, while the Translocation factor (Tf) was found maximum for Pb (2.45) in root of the crop irrigated with PME. The use of PME with proper dilution and with the metallic concentrations in permissible limit can be used as biofertigant for irrigation of B. juncea

Taboos: Traditional beliefs and customs for resource management in the western Himalaya

People residing in interior areas of the Himalaya are highly dependent on natural resources and thus have evolved their own beliefs and customs, the taboos, for conserving resources. Taboos form an important component of tribal lifestyle and guide sustainable utilization and management of natural resources. The present study was carried out in the higher reaches of Himachal Pradesh that are known for their rich bio-cultural diversity. The study aimed at documenting and classifying taboos prevalent in the area. For this, field surveys were carried out and interactions were held with the local people (n=210) using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The results revealed a prevalence of 22 taboos that were mainly related to forest, water, farmland, and food resources. Of the total taboos, the maximum belonged to the segment and method category taboos (32% each) while the minimum (5%) were species-specific taboos. Adherence to taboos is high and breaking them is believed to bring the wrath of God. They, thus, are important for resource management. Studies targeting the history of taboos and their policy implications are much desired

Pollination efficiency of important insect visitors on pomegranate (Punica granatum) under mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh

Insect pollinators are found to be highly significant in enhancing the quality fruit production and productivity. The experiment was conducted during April–May 2020 and 2021 at Dr Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh to determine the pollination indices of significant insect pollinators visiting pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). The data on pooled basis from two years revealed that Bombus haemorrhoidalis visited most number of flowers during the day (4.96 flowers/min) followed by Apis mellifera (4.24), Apis cerana (3.95), Apis dorsata (3.76) and Episyrphus balteatus (3.09). The time spent on each flower was maximum by A. cerana (17.10 sec/flower) followed by E. balteatus (17.04 sec), A. dorsata (14.20 sec), A. mellifera (13.07 sec) and haemorrhoidalis (5.36 sec) irrespective of different day hours. A. mellifera (5.43 bees/m2/2 min) activity was maximum followed by A. cerana (5.06), E. balteatus (2.91 visitors/m2/2 min), B. haemorrhoidalis (1.72) and A. dorsata (1.37). Data on loose pollen grains for the two years revealed that A. dorsata adhered maximum number of loose pollen grains (357.00 thousand) followed by B. haemorrhoidalis (283.00 thousand), A. mellifera (98.00 thousand), cerana (41.00 thousand) and solitary bees (28.00 thousand). A. mellifera scored highest pollination index and A. dorsata scored least pollination index. A. mellifera, A. cerana and B. haemorrhoidalis are the primary pollinators that increase pomegranate pollination efficiency whereas A. dorsata, E. baltaeatus and solitary bees are supplementary insects improving pollination in various crops including pomegranate. A. mellifera, A. cerana, B. haemorrhoidalis and A. dorsata were main foragers of pomegranate flowers ensuring effective and efficient pollination

Comprehensive assessment of menstrual cup awareness and utilization among degree students

Background: Menstrual hygiene management poses significant challenges for girls in low-income environments, particularly in educational settings, where cultural norms, inadequate knowledge of recommended hygiene practices, and restricted access to affordable menstrual products hinder effective menstrual care. The vaginal menstruation cup emerges as a potential alternative to traditional sanitary pads or tampons, offering a sustainable and cost-effective solution. Methods: The research approach was quantitative research, and the research design adopted was a one-group pre-test and post-test design. The study was conducted among college students at selected colleges in Suryapet. The sample size was 60. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Results: Assessment of knowledge was done using a self-administered questionnaire, and practice was done using an observational checklist. Analysis showed that the pre-test mean knowledge score was 5.61±1.16 and the post-test mean knowledge score was 17.86±1.46. The pre-test mean practice score was 2.79±1.18, and the post-test mean practice score was 10.37±1.36. Analysis also reveals that (r =0.340, p = 0.009) a positive correlation was found between the knowledge and practice scores of students regarding menstrual cups. Analysis also reveals the calculated ‘t’ value for knowledge, i.e., 49.52, which shows the demonstration of knowledge regarding menstrual cups among college students was effective. The calculated ‘t’ value for practice, i.e., 30.84, shows the demonstration in practice was effective. Conclusions: The study concludes that knowledge scores were associated with age, type of family, and education. Therefore, by statistically interpreting the data, the demonstration of knowledge and practice regarding menstrual cups among college students was effective. Consequently, the alternative hypothesis is accepted

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Knowledge, perceived need for education, and willingness to participate in bioterrorism preparedness among students in an indian dental institute: A questionnaire study

Objectives: An act of bioterrorism may compromise the local medical system and require whole of the healthcare workforce. The purpose of the present study was to assess the knowledge, perceived need for education, and willingness to participate in bioterrorism management among students in an Indian dental institute. Materials and Methods: A total of 231 dental students, including undergraduates and postgraduates, participated in this study conducted in the year 2014. Dental students' knowledge, perceived need, and willingness were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: More than 90% of both undergraduate and postgraduate students were willing to provide care during a bioterrorism attack. The actual knowledge was observed to be very low in both groups. Perceived knowledge as well as actual knowledge was statistically higher in the postgraduate group (P < 0.05). Most of the participants were of the opinion that they need more education regarding bioterrorism and that it should be added to dental curriculum. The majority of the participants showed willingness to attend continuing education programs on bioterrorism. Conclusions: The dental students demonstrated low knowledge but high willingness to provide care. A policy-driven approach to include bioterrorism management in dental education and organization of more continuing education programs is recommended to improve knowledge and develop necessary skills. This will help develop a workforce efficient in providing care during a possible act of bioterrorism

Understanding the Need for Change in LGBTQIA+ and Unmarried Couple's Rights in India by Observing their Legal Limitations and Rights: A Comparative Study

This article compares the legal protections and rights now in place for LGBTQ(QUEER) and unmarried couples to those of the straight couples. They are prevented from taking use of several legal benefits like compensatory rights, educational and insurance welfare programs, etc. for the offspring due to the misidentification of Queer couples and the unmarried pair within the definition of a legally married couple. This illegal prejudice is shown in order to reconsider and provide them equal legal protections under the protection of the right to life guaranteed by Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. The researcher conducted a comparative analysis of the laws of several nations. The article also emphasizes the necessity of enhancing the current legal and legislative framework in our nation. By analyzing many situations and reviewing current literature to identify the gaps, the researcher chose qualitative and doctrinal research methodologies