Control of occult hepatitis B virus infection

Background: The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires HBV DNA testing and serologic testing for detection of the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). There is a population of patients with occult HBV infection (OBI), which is not detected by HBsAg or HBV DNA quantification in blood, despite the presence of active replication in the liver.Scope: This document provides a definition of OBI and describes the diagnostic techniques currently used. It also addresses the detection of patients with risk factors and the need for screening for OBI in these patients.Summary:Correct diagnosis of OBI prevents HBV reactivation and transmission. Diagnosis of OBI is based on the detection of HBV DNA in patients with undetectable HBsAg in blood.Perspectives: A high number of patients with OBI may remain undiagnosed; therefore, screening for OBI in patients with factor risks is essential. For a correct diagnosis of OBI, it is necessary that new markers such as ultrasensitive HBsAg are incorporated, and a more comprehensive marker study is performed by including markers such as cccDNA

Estado actual y propuesta de mejoramiento para los sistemas de control en el subsector del transporte público de pasajeros intermunicipal en la zona centro occidente de Colombia durante los años 2016-2017

El presente trabajo de investigación se direccionó en dos propósitos fundamentales que constituyen la naturaleza misma del fenómeno y orientan el ejercicio académico. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo un análisis sobre el estado actual de los sistemas de control en el subsector del transporte público de pasajeros intermunicipal en la zona Centro Occidente de Colombia durante los años 2016-2017. A partir del anterior análisis, se estableció de manera general un plan de mejoramiento continuo para las organizaciones y empresas vinculadas en el estudio, a fin de posibilitar un avance en la prestación y calidad del servicio de transporte público intermunicipal entre los departamentos de Caldas, Chocó, Quindío, Valle y Risaralda, vinculados al ejercicio investigativo.The present research work was directed in two fundamental purposes that constitute the very nature of the phenomenon and guide the academic exercise. First, an analysis was carried out on the current status of control systems in the sub-sector of public intermunicipal passenger transport in the Central West of Colombia during the years 2016-2017. Based on the previous analysis, a continuous improvement plan was established in general for organizations and companies linked to the study, in order to enable progress in the provision and quality of intermunicipal public transport service between the departments of Caldas, Chocó , Quindío, Valle and Risaralda, linked to the research exercise.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira - Facultad de Ciencias Economicas, Administrativas y Contables - Especialización en Revisoría fisca

Post-Franco Theatre

In the multiple realms and layers that comprise the contemporary Spanish theatrical landscape, “crisis” would seem to be the word that most often lingers in the air, as though it were a common mantra, ready to roll off the tongue of so many theatre professionals with such enormous ease, and even enthusiasm, that one is prompted to wonder whether it might indeed be a miracle that the contemporary technological revolution – coupled with perpetual quandaries concerning public and private funding for the arts – had not by now brought an end to the evolution of the oldest of live arts, or, at the very least, an end to drama as we know it

Historia de la Literatura española

Contiene: Tomo I, p. XVI, 1-576. Tomo II, p. 577-114

Antología de la literatura española

Marca tipográfica do editor na portad

Control of occult hepatitis B virus infection

The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection requires HBV DNA testing and serologic testing for detection of the surface antigen (HBsAg) and the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc). There is a population of patients with occult HBV infection (OBI), which is not detected by HBsAg or HBV DNA quantification in blood, despite the presence of active replication in the liver