Stress-mediated hyperactivity and anhedonia resistant to diazepam and fluoxetine in Drosophila

Distresses may induce behavioral phenotypes constituting heuristic models for psychopharmacology studies. In several species, including Drosophila, antidepressants counteract stress-induced phenotypes allowing the use of these models to test new psychoactive drugs. Here, we developed a novel and time-efficient protocol to provoke stress-induced phenotypes in Drosophila for the study of psychopharmacological agents. In the first experiment, flies (n = 12/groups) were exposed to a random-sequence of different types of stresses during nearly 24 h (including social isolation, fasting, heat, and electric shock), a protocol named short-term variable stress (SVS). Second, flies were exposed to a single stressful stimulus (social isolation, fasting, heat shock or electric shock, n = 12/groups). Next, flies submitted to SVS protocol were treated with vehicle, diazepam or fluoxetine (n = 12/groups). At the end of the stress protocols, behavioral phenotypes were evaluated in the open field (OF) and sucrose preference tests. In comparison to the unstressed group, flies exposed to SVS exhibited hyperactivity, as well as shorter times exploring the boundaries of the OF. In contrast to fasting stress, SVS reduced sucrose preference in flies. By analyzing the effects of individual stimuli on fly behavior, fasting and electric shock appear to be the predominant influences on the SVS-induced behaviors. Although fluoxetine or diazepam reduced the initial locomotor activity of flies, no treatment prevented the sequelae of SVS. Altogether, this study provides a time-efficient model system for the study of stress-mediated hyperactivity and anhedonia-like state resistant to fluoxetine and diazepam. The applications of SVS in Drosophila to preclinical psychopharmacology require further studies.LAY SUMMARY Exposition to unpredictable stress plays a significant role in psychiatric disorder’s onset. Behavioral traits of these disorders can be partially modeled in rodents aimed at developing psychopharmacological therapies. However, studies in rodents were questioned by ethical issues. Focused on 3Rs principles, we developed a preclinical model for stress and psychopharmacology research in Drosophila. Variable stress induced behavioral alterations, including hyperlocomotion and reduced preference for sucrose in flies. However, behavioral alterations were resistant to fluoxetine and diazepam.Fil: Ramos Hryb, Ana Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Mauro Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Lino de Oliveira, Cilene. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Pagani, Mario Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay; Argentin

Justify your alpha

Benjamin et al. proposed changing the conventional “statistical significance” threshold (i.e.,the alpha level) from p ≤ .05 to p ≤ .005 for all novel claims with relatively low prior odds. They provided two arguments for why lowering the significance threshold would “immediately improve the reproducibility of scientific research.” First, a p-value near .05provides weak evidence for the alternative hypothesis. Second, under certain assumptions, an alpha of .05 leads to high false positive report probabilities (FPRP2 ; the probability that a significant finding is a false positive

Perfil epidemiológico de pacientes pediátricos atendidos pelo serviço de cirurgia e traumatologia bucomaxilofacial de um hospital público

Departamentos de emergência são projetados para fornecer atendimento não programado para uma ampla gama de doenças agudas que requerem necessidades urgentes e críticas. Cerca de 25% das visitas ao pronto-socorro são de pacientes pediátricos, que representam um grupo especial de pacientes devido às suas diferenças fisiológicas e anatômicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma análise retrospectiva do perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes pediátricos internados e/ou acompanhados pela equipe de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial. Foram avaliados todos os prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes com idade entre 0 e 12 anos incompletos acompanhados pelo serviço durante o período de janeiro de 2016 a julho de 2021. Foram extraídos dos prontuários dados relacionados a idade, sexo, fator etiológico, diagnóstico, região anatômica acometida, opção de tratamento, lesões associadas e tipo de internação. Foram incluídos no nosso estudo 300 prontuários. A idade média dos pacientes variou entre 4,4 anos e 6,8 anos e a maioria eram do sexo masculino. As quedas foram o principal fator etiológico encontrado e lesões de tecidos moles (38,0%). As principais causas de visita de pacientes pediátricos ao pronto-socorro são evitáveis e conhecê-las auxilia no desenvolvimento de medidas preventivas para evitar superlotação dos departamentos de emergência e reduzir a incidência e gravidade das lesões maxilofaciais nesses pacientes

Collaborating With Early Career Researchers to Enhance the Future of Scholarly Publication:A Guide for Publishers

The scholarly publishing system is adapting to many changes, including open access and open data mandates, artificial intelligence, and other new technologies. Members of the research and publishing communities are working to establish a more equitable, fair, and rigorous system that serves researchers' evolving needs. Early career researchers (ECRs) are drivers of change, and publishers may wonder why and how they should involve ECRs in shaping the future of scholarly publishing. We held a virtual unconference to explore this issue with publishers and ECRs who were working to improve publishing. Some participants sought to improve peer reviewer or editor performance, whereas others sought to improve the publishing system itself through iterative or transformative change. Strategies for collaborating with ECRs to shape the future of scholarly publishing included peer review programmes, editorial programmes, ECR-led journals, ECR boards and committee representatives, and other ECR-initiated activities. ECRs particularly wanted to see three things improved: (1) Sharing research outputs other than publications, (2) addressing technological limitations to create systems that meet the research community's needs and facilitate knowledge advancement, and (3) fostering diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility. We offer tips for publishers on how to collaborate with ECRs to enhance scholarly publishing, appeal to and learn from younger researchers, and better meet researchers' needs

Justify your alpha

In response to recommendations to redefine statistical significance to p ≤ .005, we propose that researchers should transparently report and justify all choices they make when designing a study, including the alpha level

Disciplina "Introdução à Revisão Sistemática e Meta-Análise"

Material usado nas seguintes disciplinas: 1-"Introdução à Revisão Sistemática e Meta-Análise em Farmacologia Básica" (FMC510046-41000242DO/ME) do PPG em Farmacologia da UFSC; 2-Introdução a Revisão Sistemática e Meta-análise (EEL510425-41000056DO) - do PPPG em engenharia Elétrica da UFSC

Basic antidepressant research: a brief assay on how to justify your alpha

Antidepressant research seems under risk of bias and poor reproducibility. Recent debates brought the use of the p values in hypothesis testing to the center of a reproducibility crisis. In basic biomedicine, the use of p values has been justified by tradition instead of reasoning. Here, a biomedical researcher commented concerns with the traditional use of the p values in basic antidepressant research and discussed the missing pieces limiting the plausible justifications to their use in the field.</jats:p

Sexually dimorphic responses to antidepressants: psychopharmacology and neuroanatomy.

This project aims to investigate the sexual dimorphism of the putative neural substrate of antidepressant action in animal models. Please refer to our wiki page for further information and supplementary files

A compact guide to the systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature in neuroscience

Critical appraisals of the literature may help to increase reproducibility in neuroscience. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are tools for neuroscientists to critically evaluate a large amount of knowledge in the research field. These methods involve individually simple decisions, which may become complex when considering the whole process. Strategies to organize the planning and implementation of the protocols minimize the workload. Here, we prepared a compact guide to assist neuroscientists willing to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature in neuroscience.peerReviewedpublishedVersio