Iconicidad y metáfora en el lenguaje chileno de signos (LENSE): un análisis cualitativo

El lenguaje de signos es uno de los medios de comunicación utilizado por personas sordas. En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis cualitativo sobre el uso de metáforas en el lenguaje de signos de un grupo de personas adultas sordas de la Comunidad de Sordos de Chile. Se identifican metáforas gestuales de variada índole y se analizan las posibles relaciones entre estas y las metáforas del lenguaje oral en Chile. Por último se comentan posibles implicaciones del presente estudio para la educación de sordos y la relevancia de este en la evaluación de las habilidades cognitivas y lingüísticas de esta población

Children’s subjective well-being : a comparability study of 3 psychometric scales in 4 Latin-language speaking countries

En la actualidad, los investigadores así como los políticos están interesados en analizar las diferentes dimensiones que componen el bienestar subjetivo de los niños y los adolescentes, grupos a los cuales se les ha prestado escasa atención si se lo compara con la literatura sobre la población adulta. En esta investigación, se analiza la comparabilidad intercultural de tres escalas de bienestar subjetivo, en estudiantes del primer curso de enseñanza secundaria en Brasil, Chile, España y Rumania. Las escalas multi-ítem muestran buen ajuste con los datos de las muestras agregadas, así como con los respectivos modelos multigrupo con cargas restringidas, avalando la comparabilidad de las correlaciones y regresiones entre las poblaciones. No obstante, los modelos no ajustan con cargas y constantes restringidas, sugiriendo que las medias no son comparables entre países. Así también los resultados muestran puntuaciones en el bienestar subjetivo más altas que las esperadas en poblaciones adultas occidentales. Los resultados del modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que incluye todas las escalas sugieren que las dos escalas por ámbitos participan de un mismo supraconstructo.Currently both, researchers and politicians, are interested in analyzing the many dimensions that are the components of subjective well-being of children and adolescents, since little attention has been paid by the literature to these groups, when compared with adults. In this research we analyze the cross-cultural comparability of three measures of subjective well-being of members of the Freshman Class of High Schools in Brazil, Chile, Spain and Romania. The multi-item scales reveal a good fit with the aggregated samples, as well as with the respective multi-group models with bounded loads, supporting the comparability across correlations and regressions performed on the populations. However, the models do not fit when both loads and constants are bounded, suggesting that the means are not comparable between countries. Also, results reveal that the scores of subjective well-being are higher than those expected from western adult populations

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed.Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 CountriespublishedVersio

Gender Gap in Parental Leave Intentions: Evidence from 37 Countries

Despite global commitments and efforts, a gender-based division of paid and unpaid work persists. To identify how psychological factors, national policies, and the broader sociocultural context contribute to this inequality, we assessed parental-leave intentions in young adults (18–30 years old) planning to have children (N = 13,942; 8,880 identified as women; 5,062 identified as men) across 37 countries that varied in parental-leave policies and societal gender equality. In all countries, women intended to take longer leave than men. National parental-leave policies and women’s political representation partially explained cross-national variations in the gender gap. Gender gaps in leave intentions were paradoxically larger in countries with more gender-egalitarian parental-leave policies (i.e., longer leave available to both fathers and mothers). Interestingly, this cross-national variation in the gender gap was driven by cross-national variations in women’s (rather than men’s) leave intentions. Financially generous leave and gender-egalitarian policies (linked to men’s higher uptake in prior research) were not associated with leave intentions in men. Rather, men’s leave intentions were related to their individual gender attitudes. Leave intentions were inversely related to career ambitions. The potential for existing policies to foster gender equality in paid and unpaid work is discussed

Personal life satisfaction as a measure of societal happiness is an individualistic presumption: Evidence from fifty countries

Numerous studies document that societal happiness is correlated with individualism, but the nature of this phenomenon remains understudied. In the current paper, we address this gap and test the reasoning that individualism correlates with societal happiness because the most common measure of societal happiness (i.e., country-level aggregates of personal life satisfaction) is individualism-themed. With the data collected from 13,009 participants across fifty countries, we compare associations of four types of happiness (out of which three are more collectivism-themed than personal life satisfaction) with two different measures of individualism. We replicated previous findings by demonstrating that societal happiness measured as country-level aggregate of personal life satisfaction is correlated with individualism. Importantly though, we also found that the country-level aggregates of the collectivism-themed measures of happiness do not tend to be significantly correlated with individualism. Implications for happiness studies and for policy makers are signaled

Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings, with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance, to examine variation in effect magnitudes across samples and settings. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples that comprised 15,305 participants from 36 countries and territories. Using the conventional criterion of statistical significance (p < .05), we found that 15 (54%) of the replications provided evidence of a statistically significant effect in the same direction as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p < .0001), 14 (50%) of the replications still provided such evidence, a reflection of the extremely highpowered design. Seven (25%) of the replications yielded effect sizes larger than the original ones, and 21 (75%) yielded effect sizes smaller than the original ones. The median comparable Cohen’s ds were 0.60 for the original findings and 0.15 for the replications. The effect sizes were small (< 0.20) in 16 of the replications (57%), and 9 effects (32%) were in the direction opposite the direction of the original effect. Across settings, the Q statistic indicated significant heterogeneity in 11 (39%) of the replication effects, and most of those were among the findings with the largest overall effect sizes; only 1 effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity according to this measure. Only 1 effect had a tau value greater than .20, an indication of moderate heterogeneity. Eight others had tau values near or slightly above .10, an indication of slight heterogeneity. Moderation tests indicated that very little heterogeneity was attributable to the order in which the tasks were performed or whether the tasks were administered in lab versus online. Exploratory comparisons revealed little heterogeneity between Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) cultures and less WEIRD cultures (i.e., cultures with relatively high and low WEIRDness scores, respectively). Cumulatively, variability in the observed effect sizes was attributable more to the effect being studied than to the sample or setting in which it was studied.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP

Diferencias de género en el patrón de conducta tipo a en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de Lima Metropolitana

A Spanish version of the T ype A Self-Racing Inventory by Blumenthal et al., which includes iterns in the form of adjectives, was answered by 1145 university students ofboth genders and whose mean age was 20 years. Resulrs give a panicular view concerning the stereotypes males and females have about thernselves. Among males adjectives such as honest, sure and energetic predominare. Among females predominare sensible and sociable but also enthusiascic and enterprising. in pposicion with thc tradicional role assigned ro women in a society such as the Peruvian. The suggested explanacion is that females keep sorne traditional feminine stereotypes but at the same time, take male roles.El Inventario de Autoreporte de Conducta Tipo A de Blurnenthal y cols., que consta de ítemes en forma de adjetivos, fue respondido por 1145 estudiantes universitarios de ambos géneros, cuyo promedio de edad era 20 años. Los resultados ofrecen una visión singular acerca de los estereotipos que las mujeres y los hombres se asignan a sí mismos. Entre los hombres, los adjetivos guardan mayor concordancia con los estereotipos masculinos, mientras que entre las mujeres si bien predominan adjetivos femeninos, también aparecen otros masculinos, en contraposición con lo habitual en una sociedad como la peruana. La explicación más plausible es que se ha trabajado con una muestra de clase media. Las mujeres conservan algunos estereotipos femeninos, pero también asumen estereotipos masculino

Imaginario social de docentes y profesionales de salud de tres colegios de Santiago sobre el cuerpo y la sexualidad de escolares migrantes latinoamericanos

The article is an approach to the social imaginary of teachers and health personnel from three schools in Santiago, in relation to Latin American adolescents’ migrants, in the areas of body and sexuality. The results are based on interviews with teachers and health professionals from the schools addressed. From this material a construction of the social imaginary around foreign students emerges, based on the interpretation that is made of their bodies, based on racialization and sexualization. Discourses that generate segregation and social hierarchy within schools are unveiled, which is associated with specific domination relations that reproduce a hegemony of the "white", generating a subalternity of the other through the significance of their bodies. This dynamic is intensified in the case of women Colombian students, on whom stereotypes that objectify them most strongly fall. Investigating these issues is relevant since the imaginaries that emerge from teachers and health personnel about migrant students permeate the content they transmit in educational communities, having a direct impact on the discourses and practices that are installed in those spaces regarding the international migrant community.El artículo corresponde a una aproximación al imaginario social que presentan docentes y personal de salud de tres escuelas de una comuna de Santiago, en relación con adolescentes migrantes latinoamericanos, en los ámbitos de cuerpo y sexualidad. Los resultados se basan en entrevistas realizadas a docentes y profesionales de salud de las escuelas abordadas. De este material se desprende una construcción del imaginario social en torno a estudiantes extranjeros, a partir de la interpretación que se realiza de sus cuerpos, basada en la racialización y sexualización. Se develan discursos que generan segregación y jerarquización social al interior de las escuelas, lo que se asocia con relaciones de dominación específicas que reproducen una hegemonía de lo “blanco”, generando una subalternidad del otro a través de la significación de sus cuerpos. Esta dinámica se ve intensificada en el caso de las estudiantes colombianas, sobre quienes recaen con mayor fuerza estereotipos que las cosifican. Indagar en estas temáticas es relevante toda vez que los imaginarios que emergen desde docentes y personal de salud sobre estudiantes migrantes permean las enseñanzas que transmiten en las comunidades educativas, teniendo un impacto directo en los discursos y prácticas que se instalan en dichos espacios respecto a la comunidad migrante internacional

Iconicity and metaphor in the chilean language of signs -LENSE-: a qualitative analysis

El lenguaje de signos es uno de los medios de comunicación utilizado por personas sordas. En el presente estudio se realiza un análisis cualitativo sobre el uso de metáforas en el lenguaje de signos de un grupo de personas adultas sordas de la Comunidad de Sordos de Chile. Se identifican metáforas gestuales de variada índole y se analizan las posibles relaciones entre estas y las metáforas del lenguaje oral en Chile. Por último se comentan posibles implicaciones del presente estudio para la educación de sordos y la relevancia de este en la evaluación de las habilidades cognitivas y lingüísticas de esta población.The language of signs is one of mass media used by deaf people. In the present study a qualitative analysis is made on the use of metaphors of a group of deaf adult people of the Community of Deaf people of Chile. Gestuals metaphors of varied nature are identified and the possible relations between these and the metaphors of the oral language in Chile are analyzed. Finally, possible implications of the present study for the education of deaf people and the evaluation of the cognitive and linguistic abilities are discussed

Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en los Estudiantes (SLSS) de Huebner en niños y niñas de 10 a 12 años de Chile

Este trabajo analiza las propiedades psicométricas de la escala SLSS de Huebner en una muestra de niños y niñas chilenos. Se aplicó a 1096 estudiantes de 10 a 12 años (M=11; DT= 0.89) que asistían a establecimientos municipales, particulares subvencionados y particulares pagados en las ciudades de Santiago, Valparaíso y Concepción. Se realizaron análisis de fiabilidad de consistencia interna, análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC). Los resultados exhiben una aceptable fiabilidad en tanto consistencia interna de la escala (α=.86), el análisis factorial arroja dos factores en la estructura factorial de la escala que se corresponden con satisfacción con la vida y deseo de cambio. Se discute la solución bifactorial del modelo seleccionado en tanto no se corresponde con lo comunmente reportado en otras investigaciones. El estudio reporta resultados del uso de SLSS en población infantil y aporta al uso y desarrollo de herramientas de medición de autorreporte para el estudio del bienestar subjetivo en niños chilenos