A relação entre os factores sócio-demográficos e o nível de conforto da mulher com cancro da mama em tratamento com quimioterapia

A enfermagem enquanto ciência tem desde sempre procurado contextualizar os seus cuidados de forma a que possam adaptar-se a qualquer pessoa e circunstância. Todas as nossas acções são planeadas e implementadas com o objectivo de proporcionar conforto nas várias dimensões da pessoa, no contexto e meio onde está inserida. A Teoria do Conforto de K. Kolcaba apresenta uma visão holística orientada para a prática dos cuidados, que se adapta a várias realidades. O cancro da mama é o segundo cancro mais diagnosticado em Portugal, com impacto na qualidade de vida pessoal, familiar e sócio-laboral da mulher, de grande complexidade. A enfermagem deve aprofundar conhecimentos nesta área de forma a prestar cuidados de enfermagem mais eficientes. Assim realizamos um estudo com o objectivo de avaliar o nível de conforto das mulheres com cancro da mama em tratamento com quimioterapia e relacionar o mesmo com os factores sócio-demográficos, recorrendo a uma abordagem quantitativa descritivo-correlacional. Aplicámos um questionário de caracterização sócio-demográfica e a escala de conforto da mulher com cancro da mama a realizar quimioterapia (EACDQ) construída por J. Apóstolo e Gameiro, numa Unidade de Oncologia, a nossa amostra (N=46) é probabilística acidental ou de conveniência. No estudo verificámos que o conforto global médio foi de 3,35 (DP=0,60) e que os factores sócio-demográficos determinantes para o nível de conforto das mulheres com cancro de mama a fazer quimioterapia foram a idade (rs=0,329; p=0,026), o número de filhos (rs= -0,389; p=0,008) que com estas mulheres coabita e o seu nível de escolaridade (rs= -0,382; p=0,009). Por outro lado, podemos perceber que o facto das mulheres em estudo serem ou não activas, não influencia o nível de conforto global [z(14,32) =0,645; p=0,159], assim como não é determinante para o nível de conforto ser mastectomizada (p=0,263) ou estar há mais ou menos tempo em tratamentos de quimioterapia (p=0,702). Pensamos que este estudo pode contribuir com sugestões para a prática, para a formação e para a investigação.As a science Nursing has always aimed at contextualizing the care it provides so that it can adapt to anyone under any circumstances. Moreover, all our caring procedures are planned and carried out aiming at the person’s comfort. K. Kolcaba’s theory of comfort presents a holistic approach to nursing care that can adapt to several situations. Breast cancer is the second most diagnosed cancer in Portugal and it has a huge impact on women’s personal, familiar and socio-professional life. Nursing has to improve knowledge in this area so that it can provide a better and more effective care. Thus, we have conducted a survey with the aim of evaluating the level of comfort among women with breast cancer, who are being submitted to chemotherapy. We also aimed at relating that level of comfort to the socio-demographic factors, making use of a correlated-descriptive and quantitive approach. We have implemented a questionnaire focusing on the socio-demographic characterization and on the comfort scale of women with breast cancer under chemotherapy (EACDQ) built by J. Apóstolo e Gameiro. It was conducted in an Oncology Centre among women with breast cancer who composed our non-probabilistic accidental sample. According to the data provided, we concluded that the medium global comfort averages 3,35 (DP = 0,60) and the socio-demographic factors that were decisive to determine the level of comfort were the age (rs=0.329, p=0.026), the number of children (rs=-0.389; p=0.008) still living with them and the women’s qualifications. On the other hand, we can see that having an active life or not (z (14.32) = 0.645; p= 0.159), having been submitted to a mastectomy (p= 0.263) or being under chemotherapy for long (p=0,702) are not determinant features to measure the level of comfort. We believe that this survey can contribute with suggestions to the practice, training and research

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

International audienc

Characterisation of microbial attack on archaeological bone

As part of an EU funded project to investigate the factors influencing bone preservation in the archaeological record, more than 250 bones from 41 archaeological sites in five countries spanning four climatic regions were studied for diagenetic alteration. Sites were selected to cover a range of environmental conditions and archaeological contexts. Microscopic and physical (mercury intrusion porosimetry) analyses of these bones revealed that the majority (68%) had suffered microbial attack. Furthermore, significant differences were found between animal and human bone in both the state of preservation and the type of microbial attack present. These differences in preservation might result from differences in early taphonomy of the bones. © 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status