ROLE DES HORMONES THYROIDIENNES DANS LA REGULATION DE L'AXE CORTICOTROPE CHEZ LE RAT AU COURS DU DEVELOPPEMENT (DOCTORAT (COMMUNICATION INTERCELLULAIRE EN ENDOCRINOLOGIE))

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Microagulation in the Treatment of Acne Atrophic Scars-Literature Review

Acne is a disorder in the epidermis that affects mainly adolescents and young adults, and is characterized by lesions of varying degrees. Depending on the degree of the lesion and the inflammatory process generated, this disease may cause the appearance of atrophic scars. These scars are sunken or raised, dystrophic lesions that do not cause risk of death, but can affect the individual’s self-esteem. One of the techniques that appears as a proposal for improvement of the scars caused by acne is microneedling. This technique consists of the application of a system of needles that generates microlesions in the skin causing an inflammatory effect and inducing tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to verify in the literature the efficacy of microneedling for the treatment of atrophic acne scars. For this, a bibliographic review was performed in databases (Pubmed and Google Academic) following some inclusion criteria. Five articles have been found that fit all the criteria. In all the articles analyzed, na effectivenes was verified in the use of microneedling for treatmente of atrhophic scars, as well as improvement in skin texture. Regarding the age of the patients, no difference was found in the results of effectiveness. However, in relation to the type of scar, a divergence was found in the results obtained in the treatment of ice pick scars, and microneedling was effective only for distensible scars. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated the high efficacy of microagulation for the treatment of epidermal disorders, such as atrophic scarring of acne.A acne é uma desordem na epiderme que afeta principalmente adolescentes e adultos jovens, sendo caracterizada por lesões de vários graus. Dependendo do grau da lesão e do processo inflamatório gerado, essa doença pode acarretar o aparecimento de cicatrizes atróficas. Essas cicatrizes são lesões deprimidas ou elevadas, distróficas que embora não ocasionem risco de morte, afetam a auto estima do indivíduo. Uma das técnicas que surge como uma proposta de melhora das cicatrizes causadas por acne é o microagulhamento. Essa técnica consiste na aplicação de um sistema de agulhas que geram na pele microlesões causando efeito inflamatório e induzindo a regeneração tecidual. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar na literatura a eficácia do microagulhamento para o tratamento de cicatrizes atróficas da acne. Para isso, foi feito uma revisão bibliográfica em bases de dados (Pubmed e Google Acadêmico) seguindo alguns critérios de inclusão. Foram encontrados cinco artigos que se inseriram em todos os critérios. Em todos os artigos analisados, foi verificado uma eficácia na utilização do microagulhamento para tratamento de cicatrizes atróficas, além de melhora na textura da pele. Em relação a idade das pacientes, não foi encontrada alteração nos resultados de efetividade. Porém, em relação ao tipo de cicatriz, encontrou-se uma divergência nos resultados obtidos para o tratamento de cicatrizes icepicks, sendo o microagulhamento efetivo apenas para cicatrizes distensíveis. Concluindo, o presente estudo demonstrou a alta eficácia do microagulhamento para tratamento de desordens de epiderme, como por exemplo, as cicatrizes atróficas da acne

Influence of maternal thyroid hormones during gestation on fetal brain development

Thyroid hormones (THs) play an obligatory role in many fundamental processes underlying brain development and maturation. The developing embryo/fetus is dependent on maternal supply of TH. The fetal thyroid gland does not commence TH synthesis until mid gestation, and the adverse consequences of severe maternal TH deficiency on offspring neurodevelopment are well established. Recent evidence suggests that even more moderate forms of maternal thyroid dysfunction, particularly during early gestation, may have a long-lasting influence on child cognitive development and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Moreover, these observed alterations appear to be largely irreversible after birth. It is, therefore, important to gain a better understanding of the role of maternal thyroid dysfunction on offspring neurodevelopment in terms of the nature, magnitude, time-specificity, and context-specificity of its effects. With respect to the issue of context specificity, it is possible that maternal stress and stress-related biological processes during pregnancy may modulate maternal thyroid function. The possibility of an interaction between the thyroid and stress systems in the context of fetal brain development has, however, not been addressed to date. We begin this review with a brief overview of TH biology during pregnancy and a summary of the literature on its effect on the developing brain. Next, we consider and discuss whether and how processes related to maternal stress and stress biology may interact with and modify the effects of maternal thyroid function on offspring brain development. We synthesize several research areas and identify important knowledge gaps that may warrant further study. The scientific and public health relevance of this review relates to achieving a better understanding of the timing, mechanisms and contexts of thyroid programing of brain development, with implications for early identification of risk, primary prevention and intervention