Estudo e caracterização de materiais compósitos para utilização como material de construção

Os perfis pultrudados de fibra de vidro apresentam propriedades mecânicas com um amplo espectro de resultados que dependem das características da resina utilizada como matriz, da fibra de vidro usada como reforço e também dos aditivos empregados. Além disso, as características do processo produtivo, como temperatura e tempo de cura são de extrema importância para o resultado final. Aliado a isso, a literatura apresenta poucos estudos de referência, para as diversas composições, que permitam que os engenheiros façam cálculos iniciais utilizando este material. Por esse motivo, é importante que se entenda as variáveis que influenciam nas propriedades mecânicas do material e que sejam feitas análises para cada novo tipo de perfil desenvolvido pelos fabricantes. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por finalidade estudar o processo produtivo de pultrusão na obtenção de materiais compósitos e avaliar as propriedades mecânicas de perfis pultrudados de resina poliéster insaturada do fabricante Pultrusão do Brasil e compará-las com os valores típicos encontrados na literatura. Foram comparados ensaios de tração, flexão, cisalhamento e compressão no sentido longitudinal e transversal às fibras. Dentre os resultados obtidos, apenas o módulo de elasticidade na compressão transversal foi inferior aos valores típicos, sendo de 3,5 GPa frente à faixa esperada de 7 à 13 GPa. Os resultados de resistência à flexão transversal e resistência à tração longitudinal foram obtidos dentro das faixas típicas para os perfis pultrudados, enquanto todos os demais resultados superaram os valores esperados.Fiberglass pultruded profiles have mechanical properties with a wide range of results that depend on the characteristics of the resin used as a matrix, the glass fiber used as reinforcement and also the additives used. In addition, the characteristics of the production process, such as temperature and curing time, are extremely important for the final result. Allied to this, the literature presents few reference studies, for the different compositions, that allow the engineers to make initial calculations using this material. For this reason, it is important to understand the variables that influence the mechanical properties of the material and to carry out analyzes for each new type of profile developed by the manufacturers. Thus, this study aimed to study the pultrusion production process in obtaining composite materials and evaluate the mechanical properties of pultruded profiles of unsaturated polyester resin from the manufacturer Pultrusão do Brasil and compare them with the typical values found in the literature. Tensile, bending, shear and compression tests were compared in the longitudinal and transversal direction to the fibers. Among the results obtained, only the elastic modulus in the transverse compression was lower than the typical values, being 3.5 GPa compared to the expected range of 7 to 13 GPa. The results of transverse flexural strength and longitudinal tensile strength were obtained within the typical ranges for pultruded profiles, while all other results exceeded the expected values

SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil and Psychosocial Repercussions on Men’s Health: Health Literacy Is Important

This study aimed at analyzing the psychosocial repercussions of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic on the health of men living in Brazil. For this, we carried out a socio-historical and qualitative study, with the participation of 200 men who answered an online questionnaire. The data collected were processed in the NVIVO12® software, structured by the Collective Subject Discourse method, and analyzed from the epidemic disease theoretical framework proposed by Charles Rosenberg. Our results showed that the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic brought about repercussions of different dimensions that compromised the health of men living in Brazil. The repercussions evidenced were behavioral changes and emergence of new habits due to the pandemic; uncomfortable family situations; impaired affective and sexual relationships; harms in marital relationships; and insecurity and psychological distress. It is important to implement strategies that maximize men’s health literacy, promoting better communication in terms of health, and search for help and suitable information about health/mental health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ANÁLISE NUTRICIONAL DO ALMOÇO CONSUMIDO POR IDOSAS INSTITUCIONALIZADAS

O envelhecimento implica alterações anatômicas e funcionais, repercutindo nas condições de saúde e nutrição do idoso. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição nutricional do almoço consumido em uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos, de Belo Horizonte/MG, em dois períodos distintos. Durante sete dias consecutivos os alimentos utilizados nas preparações foram pesados obtendo-se o peso líquido dos ingredientes. Após a cocção e distribuição, as sobras foram mensuradas para apuração do consumo médio das preparações. Utilizaram-se as recomendações dos percentuais dos macronutrientes propostas pela Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges e para o ferro, sódio, vitamina A, C e fibra a Estimated Average Requeriment e Adequate Intake. No primeiro período P(1) o consumo médio da refeição servida foi de 499,57 g (valor energético de 489,11 kcal), e no segundo período P(2) foi superior (539,03 g) representando 639,47 kcal. O valor energético, de carboidrato e lipídeos foi adequado e maior no P(2), resultados estatisticamente significativos. O mesmo foi observado para proteínas e fibras. Os teores médios de ferro nas preparações nos dois períodos analisados foram o dobro da quantidade recomendada, já os de sódio apresentaram valores bem acima do adequado para uma refeição. O consumo de vitamina A foi adequado somente em P1 e de vitamina C extrapolou os valores de adequação nos dois períodos. É necessário realizar pequenas intervenções na alimentação consumida pelas residentes para otimizar a ingestão de vitaminas e sais minerais, visando a promoção de condições adequadas de saúde.

Impacts on Men’s Health/Mental Health

Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 de Sousa, Moreira, da Silva Santana, Araújo, Borges, Almeida, das Mercês, da Silva, Teixeira, Lourenção, Gomes, de Santana Carvalho, de Sousa, de Almeida, Viana and Pereira.Objective: This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results: The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion: The discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.publishersversionpublishe

Psychological Distress in Men during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil: The Role of the Sociodemographic Variables, Uncertainty, and Social Support

Objective: To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic variables, intolerance to uncertainty (INT), social support, and psychological distress (i.e., indicators of Common Mental Disorders (CMDs) and perceived stress (PS)) in Brazilian men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study with national coverage, of the web survey type, and conducted with 1006 Brazilian men during the period of social circulation restriction imposed by the health authorities in Brazil for suppression of the coronavirus and control of the pandemic. Structural equation modeling analysis was performed. Results: Statistically significant direct effects of race/skin color ( = 0.268; p-value < 0.001), socioeconomic status (SES) ( = 0.306; p-value < 0.001), household composition( = 0.281; p-value < 0.001), PS ( = 0.513; p-value < 0.001), and INT ( = 0.421; p-value < 0.001) were evidenced in the occurrence of CMDs. Black-skinned men with higher SES, living alone, and with higher PS and INT levels presented higher prevalence values of CMDs. Conclusions: High levels of PS and INT were the factors that presented the strongest associations with the occurrence of CMDs among the men. It is necessary to implement actions to reduce the stress-generating sources as well as to promote an increase in resilience and the development of intrinsic reinforcements to deal with uncertain threats.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Quasar Target Selection for Data Release Nine

The SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), a five-year spectroscopic survey of 10,000 deg^2, achieved first light in late 2009. One of the key goals of BOSS is to measure the signature of baryon acoustic oscillations in the distribution of Ly-alpha absorption from the spectra of a sample of ~150,000 z>2.2 quasars. Along with measuring the angular diameter distance at z\approx2.5, BOSS will provide the first direct measurement of the expansion rate of the Universe at z > 2. One of the biggest challenges in achieving this goal is an efficient target selection algorithm for quasars over 2.2 < z < 3.5, where their colors overlap those of stars. During the first year of the BOSS survey, quasar target selection methods were developed and tested to meet the requirement of delivering at least 15 quasars deg^-2 in this redshift range, out of 40 targets deg^-2. To achieve these surface densities, the magnitude limit of the quasar targets was set at g <= 22.0 or r<=21.85. While detection of the BAO signature in the Ly-alpha absorption in quasar spectra does not require a uniform target selection, many other astrophysical studies do. We therefore defined a uniformly-selected subsample of 20 targets deg^-2, for which the selection efficiency is just over 50%. This "CORE" subsample will be fixed for Years Two through Five of the survey. In this paper we describe the evolution and implementation of the BOSS quasar target selection algorithms during the first two years of BOSS operations. We analyze the spectra obtained during the first year. 11,263 new z>2.2 quasars were spectroscopically confirmed by BOSS. Our current algorithms select an average of 15 z > 2.2 quasars deg^-2 from 40 targets deg^-2 using single-epoch SDSS imaging. Multi-epoch optical data and data at other wavelengths can further improve the efficiency and completeness of BOSS quasar target selection. [Abridged]Comment: 33 pages, 26 figures, 12 tables and a whole bunch of quasars. Submitted to Ap

Optimal heat stress metric for modelling heat‐related mortality varies from country to country

Combined heat and humidity is frequently described as the main driver of human heat-related mortality, more so than dry-bulb temperature alone. While based on physiological thinking, this assumption has not been robustly supported by epidemiological evidence. By performing the first systematic comparison of eight heat stress metrics (i.e., temperature combined with humidity and other climate variables) with warm-season mortality, in 604 locations over 39 countries, we find that the optimal metric for modelling mortality varies from country to country. Temperature metrics with no or little humidity modification associates best with mortality in ~40% of the studied countries. Apparent temperature (combined temperature, humidity and wind speed) dominates in another 40% of countries. There is no obvious climate grouping in these results. We recommend, where possible, that researchers use the optimal metric for each country. However, dry-bulb temperature performs similarly to humidity-based heat stress metrics in estimating heat-related mortality in present-day climate

Metagenomic analysis of a tropical composting operation at the São Paulo Zoo Park reveals diversity of biomass degradation functions and organisms.

Composting operations are a rich source for prospection of biomass degradation enzymes. We have analyzed the microbiomes of two composting samples collected in a facility inside the Sao Paulo Zoo Park, in Brazil. All organic waste produced in the park is processed in this facility, at a rate of four tons/day. Total DNA was extracted and sequenced with Roche/454 technology, generating about 3 million reads per sample. To our knowledge this work is the first report of a composting whole-microbial community using high-throughput sequencing and analysis. The phylogenetic profiles of the two microbiomes analyzed are quite different, with a clear dominance of members of the Lactobacillus genus in one of them. We found a general agreement of the distribution of functional categories in the Zoo compost metagenomes compared with seven selected public metagenomes of biomass deconstruction environments, indicating the potential for different bacterial communities to provide alternative mechanisms for the same functional purposes. Our results indicate that biomass degradation in this composting process, including deconstruction of recalcitrant lignocellulose, is fully performed by bacterial enzymes, most likely by members of the Clostridiales and Actinomycetales orders.FAPESP 2009/52030-5RCNPqCAPE

The Eleventh and Twelfth Data Releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final Data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) took data from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, the original and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, a new near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel optical interferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. In particular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including all data acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding data acquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous data releases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to our previous public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra of galaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triples the number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includes repeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from the Multi-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS). The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 different elements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 of ugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the Sloan Exploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey; 2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and 247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of 156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since its first light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere in five bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra. \ua9 2015. The American Astronomical Society