Desarrollo e implementación de un modelo de gestión de la I+D+i para las empresas constructoras basado en la norma UNE 166002

En los últimos años, el gobierno español ha impulsado diferentes iniciativas para aumentar la inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i) del tejido empresarial. Entre todas ellas destaca la nueva serie de normas UNE 166000 que busca sistematizar el proceso de gestión de la I+D+i dentro de la empresa. En concreto para el sector de la construcción, el Gobierno de España ha elaborado nuevas cláusulas administrativas para la contratación de obras y servicios. En ellas, se valora la implementación de innovaciones desarrolladas dentro de proyectos de I+D+i de la empresa, y que se encuentren debidamente justificadas según las normas UNE 166000. Esta variación en las condiciones del mercado de la construcción, introducido por su principal cliente, es un desafío enorme para un sector tradicionalmente poco innovador y para el cual no se tienen modelos claros del proceso de innovación. Así pues, se realizó una investigación para: en primer lugar, ayudar a la comprensión del problema de la innovación en el sector; en segundo lugar, resaltar aspectos claves de la gestión de la innovación en las empresas constructoras; y, finalmente, plantear recomendaciones para la implantación de sistemas de I+D+i en estas empresas. La estrategia utilizada para esta investigación es el estudio del caso, dado que cuando se inició la investigación el número de empresas certificadas por la norma UNE 166002 era insuficiente para llevar a cabo una estrategia de investigación cuantitativa. Los resultados demuestran que la gestión de la I+D+i en las empresas constructoras españolas es un proceso que comienza con la detección de oportunidades para innovar desde los requerimientos y problemas de las partes interesadas (empleados, empresa, clientes, proveedores, entorno, etc.). La organización genera ideas innovadoras para aprovechar estas oportunidades. La dirección selecciona las mejores ideas para transformarlas en proyectos de I+D+i. La dirección organiza y provee los recursos necesCorrea Becerra, CL. (2009). Desarrollo e implementación de un modelo de gestión de la I+D+i para las empresas constructoras basado en la norma UNE 166002 [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4344Palanci

Organizational improvement through standardization of the innovation process in construction firms

[EN] The purpose of this article is to identify the drivers, success factors, benefits, and barriers to innovation in a medium size construction firm with a standardized innovation management system. The case study method is used to compare theory to reality from different perspectives, building explanations from a Spanish contractor observed over a three year period. Findings suggest that innovation management can be standardized, which leads to an organizational improvement for the company, and at the same time this improvement facilitates organizational problem-solving on a regular basis, increasing technical capabilities, knowledge management, business profit, and client satisfaction. The framework described in this research aims to provide guidance for managers, thus they can innovate in a systematic way; however, this exploratory study has still to be validated by empirical investigations on a larger scale through a significant number of certified companies, which is currently not yet the case in the Spanish construction industry.The research described in this paper was partially funded by Universidad Católica del Maule (project MECESUP-UCM0205), the Spanish Ministry of Infrastructure (grant 2004-36), and the Universitat Politècnica de València (contract UPV-20050921). The authors are most grateful to Ricardo Lacort, Francisco J. Vea, and Manuel Civera for their cooperation throughout the research period. Finally, the valuable commentaries and suggestions of three anonymous reviewers improved the final version of the paper.Pellicer Armiñana, E.; Correa Becerra, CL.; Yepes Piqueras, V.; Alarcón, LF. (2012). Organizational improvement through standardization of the innovation process in construction firms. Engineering Management Journal. 24(2):40-53. doi:10.1080/10429247.2012.11431935S405324

Mejorando la I+D+i mediante la normalización y la certificación: el caso del sector de la construcción Español

[ES] El grado de desarrollo de una comunidad es medido, a menudo, por su inversión en investigación, desarrollo e innovación (I+D+i). Los países industrializados asumen la necesidad de investigar nuevas técnicas, materiales y procesos con objeto de alcanzar una mayor eficiencia y sustentabilidad en cada tarea productiva. La normalización y la certificación de la gestión de proyectos o sistemas de I+D+i supone una herramienta adecuada para optimizar los resultados, sobre todo cuando es una política internacional el incentivo de las tareas de I+D+i. Las empresas buscan acreditar ante la administración pública los recursos destinados a la I+D+i, obteniendo ventajas fiscales a lo largo de todo el proceso. A pesar de que el sector de la construcción es importante en todas las economías desarrolladas y en vías de desarrollo, las empresas constructoras invierten poco en I+D+i comparativamente con otros sectores. La relación entre la normalización y la innovación sigue siendo una asignatura pendiente dentro del campo de la gestión de la construcción. A lo largo del presente artículo se analiza la situación internacional en materia de normalización y certificación de actividades de I+D+i, señalando el carácter innovador de las normas españolas UNE 166000. Se exponen los resultados de un estudio sistemático destinado a conocer la situación actual en el sector de la construcción en España, referente a la normalización y a la certificación. Esta nueva familia de normas podría servir como referente para otros países, siempre funcionando conjuntamente con las series de normas ISO 9000 y 14000.[EN] The advance of a community is often measured by its investment in Research, Development and Innovation (R&D&i). Western economies assume the need to investigate new techniques, materials and processes to improve the efficiency and sustainability of each productive task. Standardization and certification of R&D&i projects and management systems become suitable tools to optimize results, considering the international policy to encourage R&D&i activities. Therefore, companies seek to verify to the public administration the final destiny of the resources to R&D&i activities, obtaining fiscal advantages through the overall process. Even though construction is a highly significant industry in developed and developing economies, construction companies invest little in R&D&i compared to other sectors. The link between standardization and innovation remains a significant knowledge gap in the construction management field. In this paper, the international state of affairs regarding standardization and certification of R&D&i activities is described, highlighting the innovative characteristics of the Spanish standards UNE 166000. The results of an analysis of the Spanish construction industry, regarding standardization and certification, are also presented and discussed. This new set of standards could be a reference for other countries, always working jointly with the families ISO 9000 and 14000.The research described in this paper is funded by the Universidad Católica del Maule (project MECESUPUCM0205), the Spanish Ministry of Infrastructures (project 2004-36), and by the construction company LUBASA (contract UPV-20050921). The authors also wish to thank AENOR for its support and Debra Westall for revising the text.Pellicer, E.; Yepes, V.; Correa Becerra, CL.; Martínez-Montes, G. (2008). Enhancing R&D&i through standardization and certification: the case of the Spanish construction industry. Revista Ingeniería de Construcción. 23(2):112-121. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-50732008000200006S11212123

Model for Systematic Innovation in Construction Companies

The reasons that drive construction companies to innovate, as well as the processes they use, have not yet been fully explored in the construction management literature. This paper describes the hows and whys behind the push for innovation in a construction company. The research method is founded on the validation of a model developed by a case study; this is focused on a medium-sized construction company which implemented and certified an innovation management system, as established by a Spanish standard. The studies conducted by the authors over a five-year period generated a set of 18 propositions reflecting an explanatory model of innovation management. This paper reports on the external validation of this model by means of a set of interviews; the results fully corroborate 15 of these propositions. The strongest drivers of innovation in construction companies are technical problems in construction projects, client requirements, and upper management. Innovation opportunities are identified as a result of examination of the internal processes of the company, the construction projects, and the environment. Identifying, developing, and transferring an innovative solution require the Implementation of technological watch and knowledge management in the organization. Finally, the research concludes that the main benefit of innovation management is an increase in the company s technical capability, whereas the two main barriers to innovation are the prioritization of production processes and the lack of support from the leaders of the company.This research was partially funded by the Universidad Catolica del Maule (project MECESUP-UCM0205), the Spanish Ministry of Infrastructure (project 2004-36), and the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (contract UPV-20050921). The authors would like to thank Ricardo Lacort, Francisco J. Vea, and Manuel Civera for their collaboration and support, and Jose C. Teixeira for his advice. Likewise, the authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and constructive comments.Pellicer Armiñana, E.; Yepes, V.; Correa Becerra, CL.; Alarcón, L. (2014). Model for Systematic Innovation in Construction Companies. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 140(4):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000700S18140

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Search for an L-mu - L-tau gauge boson using Z -> 4 mu events in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search for a narrow Z' gauge boson with a mass between 5 and 70 GeV resulting from an L-mu - L-tau U (1) local gauge symmetry is reported. Theories that predict such a particle have been proposed as an explanation of various experimental discrepancies, including the lack of a dark matter signal in direct-detection experiments, tension in the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, and reports of possible lepton flavor universality violation in B meson decays. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 77.3 fb(-1) recorded in 2016 and 2017 by the CMS detector at the LHC. Events containing four muons with an invariant mass near the standard model Z boson mass are analyzed, and the selection is further optimized to be sensitive to the events that may contain Z -> Z'mu mu -> 4 mu decays. The event yields are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits of 10(-8)-10(-7) at 95% confidence level are set on the product of branching fractions B(Z -> Z'mu mu)B(Z' -> mu mu), depending on the Z' mass, which excludes a Z' boson coupling strength to muons above 0.004-0.3. These are the first dedicated limits on L-mu - L-tau models at the LHC and result in a significant increase in the excluded model parameter space. The results of this search may also be used to constrain the coupling strength of any light Z' gauge boson to muons. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at √s=13TeV

A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented

Studies of Beauty Suppression via Nonprompt D-0 Mesons in Pb-Pb Collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The transverse momentum spectra of D-0 mesons from b hadron decays are measured at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar D-0 yield is found to be suppressed in the measured p(T) range from 2 to 100 GeV/c as compared to pp collisions. The suppression is weaker than that of prompt D-0 mesons and charged hadrons for p(T) around 10 GeV/c. While theoretical calculations incorporating partonic energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma can successfully describe the measured B -> D-0 suppression at higher p(T), the data show an indication of larger suppression than the model predictions in the range of 2 <p(T) <5 GeV/c.Peer reviewe