PIV-based dynamic model of EHD volume force produced by a surface dielectric barrier discharge

In this paper, an experimental measurement of the f low produced by a surface DBD plasma actuator has been conducted. One original aspect of these measurements by particle image velocimetry is the high acquisition rate for a PIV system (20 kHz). By using these highly- resolved flow measurements, the fluid flow velocity is used to estimate the spatial and temporal evolution of the EHD volume force. A reduced order model of this force has been constructed by proper orthogonal decomposition. Based on the analy sis of the time-resolved expansion coefficients and their associated spatial modes, it is shown that the volume force can be reconstructed by using a limited number of POD mode s (6 modes). This spatial and temporal filtering of the force fields remains faithful to t he original data and it will help in view of an implementation of such a source term in a numerical solver. The resulting dynamic model shows an alternation of positive and negative volume forc es. The strong positive EHD force developing in the glow regime of the DBD plasma discharge is v isualized in a time-resolved manner. This positive force is immediately followed by a strong negative volume force probably caused by the local flow deceleration

Charged-particle distributions in √s=13 TeV pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Charged-particle distributions are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, using a data sample of nearly 9 million events, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 170 μb−1170 μb−1, recorded by the ATLAS detector during a special Large Hadron Collider fill. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on the charged-particle multiplicity are presented. The measurements are performed with charged particles with transverse momentum greater than 500 MeV and absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5, in events with at least one charged particle satisfying these kinematic requirements. Additional measurements in a reduced phase space with absolute pseudorapidity less than 0.8 are also presented, in order to compare with other experiments. The results are corrected for detector effects, presented as particle-level distributions and are compared to the predictions of various Monte Carlo event generators

Charged-particle distributions at low transverse momentum in √<i>s</i>=13 TeV <i>pp</i> interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 151 [Formula: see text]. The particles are required to have a transverse momentum greater than 100 MeV and an absolute pseudorapidity less than 2.5. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity and the dependence of the mean transverse momentum on multiplicity are measured in events containing at least two charged particles satisfying the above kinematic criteria. The results are corrected for detector effects and compared to the predictions from several Monte Carlo event generators

'Just a lovely luxury?' What can public health attachments add to postgraduate general practice training?

BACKGROUND: Changing trends in the role of general practice and general practitioners (GPs), including a focus on commissioning and practice population health needs, were reflected in the specialty training curriculum published by the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) in 2007. In response to these developments the London Deanery established training attachments to the public health departments of ten primary care trusts (PCTs) across London, incorporated into three-year GP specialty training programmes. These attachments were evaluated in 2008 by London South Bank University. AIMS: The aims of the evaluation were to assess the attachment's suitability for addressing areas of the RCGP curriculum; and to explore perceptions of its value for GP training and for future practice. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with two cohorts of trainees towards the end of their public health attachment, and with public health trainers and GP training programme directors from participating schemes. FINDINGS: The training attachments were generally considered to offer good opportunities for trainees to fulfil both public health competences and to address relevant areas of the RCGP curriculum, through a variety of types of work. However, this did not necessarily influence either the level of importance attributed to public health in comparison with other clinical training posts or the perceived impact of the attachment on the trainees' future practice as GPs. The reported learning outcomes and value of the attachment for the public health trainers and programme directors reflected the changing and perceived future demands on GPs, but these views were not generally shared by trainees. CONCLUSIONS: Public health attachments may offer general practice training programme opportunities for the development of skills and knowledge that are relevant to the changing nature of general practice. Yet, there still appears to be a barrier for trainee GPs in acknowledging their role in non-clinical, population-focused healthcare provision. This raises questions for the way in which public health is presented in medical education and how the future GP workforce conceptualise their role and responsibilities