Caracterización del proceso de exportación de mango criollo desde el departamento del Magdalena hacia el mercado de Estados Unidos

La caracterización del proceso de exportación de mango criollo a los Estados Unidos, es producto de la recopilación de información secundaria que permitió analizar si el departamento del Magdalena cumple con los requisitos necesarios para incursionar en el mercado norteamericano. En esta investigación se incluye un análisis del mercado nacional e internacional que hace referencia a las tendencias mundiales y al desarrollo que presenta Colombia en las principales ciudades exportadoras de mango. Además, se comparan los principales departamentos del país con el Magdalena para determinar factores positivos o negativos en el proceso de exportación de mango criollo. Se evalúan los diferentes competidores, economía, entorno social, tendencias del mercado, Mezcla de mercado; incluyendo el análisis de los datos con aspectos importantes a tener en cuenta en el momento de la exportación. Se muestran los procedimientos, requisitos y procesos que se deben seguir al momento de realizar la exportación de mango criollo a los Estados Unidos

Expresión del marcador óseo CD44 en hueso alveolar previamente injertado.

Objetive: To determine the expressions of the bone surface marker CD44 in samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with allograft, xenograft, and mixed, using the technique of guided bone regeneration. Material and Methods: This exploratory study was approved by the institutional research and ethics committee. By means of intentional sampling and after obtaining informed consent for tissue donation, 20 samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with guided bone regeneration therapy with particulate bone graft and membrane were taken during implant placement. The samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological analysis, and by immunohistochemistry for the detection of CD44. Results: Sections with hematoxylin-eosin showed bone tissue with the presence of osteoid matrix and mature bone matrix of usual appearance. Of the CD44+ samples, 80% were allograft and 20% xenograft. The samples with allograft-xenograft were negative. There were no differences in the intensity of CD44 expression between the positive samples. The marker was expressed in osteocytes, stromal cells, mononuclear infiltrate, and some histiocytes. Eighty percent of the CD44+ samples and 100% of the samples in which 60 or more cells were labelled corresponded to allografts (p=0.000). A total of 67% of the samples from the anterior sector, and 40% from the posterior sector were CD44+ (p=0.689). Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that guided bone regeneration using allografts is more efficient for the generation of mature bone determined by the expression of CD44, compared to the use of xenografts and mixed allograft-xenograft, regardless of the regenerated anatomical area.Objetivo: Determinar la expresión del marcador de membrana óseo CD44 en muestras de hueso alveolar previamente regenerado con aloinjerto, xenoinjerto y mezcla mediante la técnica de regeneración ósea guiada. Material y Métodos: Con aval del Comité de Investigación y Ética, se realizó un estudio exploratorio. Por muestreo intencional y firma de consentimiento informado de donación, se tomaron durante la colocación del implante, 20 muestras de hueso alveolar previamente regenerado con terapia de regeneración ósea guiada con injerto óseo particulado y membrana. Las muestras fueron teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina para el análisis histológico y por inmunohistoquímica para la detección del CD44. Resultados: : Los cortes con hematoxilina-eosina mostraron tejido óseo con presencia de matriz osteoide y matriz ósea madura de aspecto usual. De las muestras CD44+, 80% fueron de aloinjerto y 20% de xenoinjerto. Las muestras con aloinjerto-xeoninjerto fueron negativas. No hubo diferencias en la intensidad de la expresión del CD44 entre las muestras positivas. El marcador se expresó en osteocitos, células estromales, infiltrado mononuclear y algunos histiocitos. El 80% de las muestras CD44+ y el 100% de las muestras con marcación de 60 o más células correspondían a aloinjertos (p=0,000). El 67% de las muestras del sector anterior y el 40% del sector posterior fueron CD44+ (p=0,689). Conclusión: Este estudio muestra por primera vez que la regeneración ósea guiada usando aloinjertos, es más eficiente para la generación de hueso maduro determinado por la expresión de CD44, comparado con el uso de xenoinjertos y mezcla de aloinjerto-xenoinjerto, independientemente del sector anatómico regenerado

Expresión del marcador óseo CD44 en hueso alveolar previamente injertado

Objetivo: Determinar la expresión del marcador de membrana óseo CD44 en muestras de hueso alveolar previamente regenerado con aloinjerto, xenoinjerto y mezcla mediante la técnica de regeneración ósea guiada. Material y Métodos: Con aval del Comité de Investigación y Ética, se realizó un estudio exploratorio. Por muestreo intencional y firma de consentimiento informado de donación, se tomaron durante la colocación del implante, 20 muestras de hueso alveolar previamente regenerado con terapia de regeneración ósea guiada con injerto óseo particulado y membrana. Las muestras fueron teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina para el análisis histológico y por inmunohistoquímica para la detección del CD44. Resultados: : Los cortes con hematoxilina-eosina mostraron tejido óseo con presencia de matriz osteoide y matriz ósea madura de aspecto usual. De las muestras CD44+, 80% fueron de aloinjerto y 20% de xenoinjerto. Las muestras con aloinjerto-xeoninjerto fueron negativas. No hubo diferencias en la intensidad de la expresión del CD44 entre las muestras positivas. El marcador se expresó en osteocitos, células estromales, infiltrado mononuclear y algunos histiocitos. El 80% de las muestras CD44+ y el 100% de las muestras con marcación de 60 o más células correspondían a aloinjertos (p=0,000). El 67% de las muestras del sector anterior y el 40% del sector posterior fueron CD44+ (p=0,689). Conclusión: Este estudio muestra por primera vez que la regeneración ósea guiada usando aloinjertos, es más eficiente para la generación de hueso maduro determinado por la expresión de CD44, comparado con el uso de xenoinjertos y mezcla de aloinjerto-xenoinjerto, independientemente del sector anatómico regenerado.Objetive: To determine the expressions of the bone surface marker CD44 in samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with allograft, xenograft, and mixed, using the technique of guided bone regeneration. Material and Methods: This exploratory study was approved by the institutional research and ethics committee. By means of intentional sampling and after obtaining informed consent for tissue donation, 20 samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with guided bone regeneration therapy with particulate bone graft and membrane were taken during implant placement. The samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological analysis, and by immunohistochemistry for the detection of CD44. Results: Sections with hematoxylin-eosin showed bone tissue with the presence of osteoid matrix and mature bone matrix of usual appearance. Of the CD44+ samples, 80% were allograft and 20% xenograft. The samples with allograft-xenograft were negative. There were no differences in the intensity of CD44 expression between the positive samples. The marker was expressed in osteocytes, stromal cells, mononuclear infiltrate, and some histiocytes. Eighty percent of the CD44+ samples and 100% of the samples in which 60 or more cells were labelled corresponded to allografts (p=0.000). A total of 67% of the samples from the anterior sector, and 40% from the posterior sector were CD44+ (p=0.689). Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that guided bone regeneration using allografts is more efficient for the generation of mature bone determined by the expression of CD44, compared to the use of xenografts and mixed allograft-xenograft, regardless of the regenerated anatomical area.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-425Xhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-3975N/

Agaricomycetes gasteroides del bosque mesófilo de montaña de la Huasteca Alta Hidalguense, México

Background and Aims: The gasteroid fungi are an artificial group of fungi with closed hymenium, placed in subclasses Agaricomycetidae and Phallomycetidae of the class Agaricomycetes in the Phylum Basidiomycota. To date, a study of this group of fungi specifically for the mountain cloud forest does not exist. Hence, the aim of this paper is to study the taxonomic diversity of gasteroid Agaricomycetes from the mountain cloud forest.Methods: Between 2012 and 2015, 10 exploration trips were realized to the mountain cloud forest of the municipalities of Molango de Escamilla, Tlanchinol and Zacualtipán de Ángeles in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Additionally, the fungal collection of the herbarium ENCB was revised. The specimens were studied following the traditional mycological techniques, and were deposited in the herbaria ENCB and MEXU.Key results: Twenty species of gasteroid Agaricomycetes belonging to 12 genera, six families and five orders of the subclasses Agaricomycetidae and Phallomycetidae in the class Agaricomycetes were studied. Of these, Aseroë rubra, Calvatia rugosa, Laternea pusilla, Lycoperdon eximium, L. juruense, L. marginatum, L. nigrescens, Mutinus bambusinus, Scleroderma michiganense and Protubera jamaicensisare new records for Hidalgo state.Conclusions: Like other groups of fungi, the gasteroids presented a high diversity in the cloud mountain forest in the state of Hidalgo. Only 12 species had been recorded before, and in this work to additional species are mentioned for this state. Hence, it is necessary to continue with mycological explorations to improve the knowledge of the mycobiota found in this ecosystem.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los gasteromicetes son un grupo artificial de hongos con basidiomas gasteroides que presentan un himenio encerrado. Actualmente, se ubican en las subclases Agaricomycetidae y Phallomycetidae de la clase Agaricomycetes del Phylum Basidiomycota. Hasta ahora no existe un trabajo que los aborde específicamente en el bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM), por lo que el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo estudiar la diversidad taxonómica de los Agaricomycetes gasteroides del BMM.Métodos: Se realizaron 10 exploraciones de 2012 a 2015 a los BMM de los municipios Molango de Escamilla, Tlanchinol y Zacualtipán de Ángeles en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Adicionalmente, se revisó la colección de hongos del herbario ENCB. Los especímenes se estudiaron siguiendo las técnicas tradicionales micológicas y se encuentran depositados en las colecciones micológicas ENCB y MEXU.Resultados clave: Se estudiaron 20 especies de Agaricomycetes gasteroides pertenecientes a 12 géneros, seis familias y cinco órdenes de las subclases Agaricomycetidae y Phallomycetidae dentro de la clase Agaricomycetes. De éstas, Aseroë rubra, Calvatia rugosa, Laternea pusilla, Lycoperdon eximium, L. juruense, L. marginatum, L. nigrescens, Mutinus bambusinus, Scleroderma michiganense y Protubera jamaicensis son nuevos registros para el estado de Hidalgo.Conclusiones: Al igual que otros grupos de hongos, los gasteroides presentaron una alta diversidad en los bosques mesófilos de montaña de Hidalgo. Anteriormente, se habían registrado solamente 12 especies y en este trabajo se mencionan 10 más para el estado. Se considera necesario seguir realizando exploraciones micológicas para un mejor conocimiento de los micobiota en este ecosistema

Percepción de Calidad de Vida en Adultos Mayores Chihuahuenses, Comparaciones por Género

La calidad de vida es un estado de satisfacción general que se manifiesta a partir de la percepción de los individuos de su estado físico, psicológico y social. En este orden, el objetivo de esta investigación consistió comparar los perfiles de calidad de vida percibida en adultos mayores chihuahuenses. La muestra total fue de 492 adultos mayores; 291 mujeres y 201 hombres, con edades entre los 60 y 90 años. El abordaje adoptado en la investigación se enmarcó dentro de un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo tipo encuesta. Los resultados del análisis multivariante de la varianza, seguido por los análisis de varianza univariados, muestran que los hombres reportaron una mejor percepción de calidad de vida en los factores función física, vitalidad, rol físico, dolor corporal, rol emocional y salud mental; y sin diferencias significativas en los factores salud general y función social. Estos resultados revelan que en general los hombres en comparación con las mujeres muestran mayores niveles de percepción de calidad de vida. No obstante, es preciso desarrollar más investigación al respecto pues el tema trasciende del todo los alcances de la presente investigación. The quality of life is a state of general satisfaction that is manifested from the perception of individuals of their physical, psychological and social status. In this order, the goal of the present research was to compare the profiles of perceived quality of life in elderly participants from the State of Chihuahua. The total sample was 492 elderly people; 291 women and 201 men, with age ranging between 60 and 90 years. The adopted approach was quantitative with a descriptive, survey-like design. Results from the multivariate analyses of variance, followed up by univariate analyses of variance, showed that men report a better perception of quality of life on the factors physical functioning, vitality, physical role, body pain, emotional role and mental health; with no significant differences on the general health and social functioning factors. These results reveal that in general men in comparison to women show higher levels of perception of quality of life. However, it is important to develop more research because the topic trascends the scope of the present study

DNA microarrays to identify etiological agents, as sensors of environmental wellbeing

Background: The epidemiologic transition in Mexico has generated a change of paradigm in public health. Morbidity is characterized by infectious diseases and the mortality is due to chronic degenerative diseases. The three most important infectious diseases in the country are: respiratory infections, diarrhea, and urinary tract infections.Method: The objective of this work was to build a tool to monitor the presence of health risks in the environment in a timely manner and to demonstrate its application in different sicknesses, especially those that are water related. In this study, we analyzed water samples from five cenotes with high tourist flow in the State of Yucatan. We developed a DNA microarray for the adequate and prompt detection of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. This microarray could be used in samples of different origin including air, water (fresh, brackish and saltwater), food, inert surfaces or wounds. Clinically, it would allow prompt and precise detection of etiological agents of infectious diseases to prevent outbreaks. It would also be useful for the identification of those agents that cannot be detected in our laboratories with the traditional methods. It includes 38,000 probes that detect 252 etiological agents of diseases in humans and antimicrobial resistance genes. Results from DNA samples can be obtained in 24 h, which would be difficult or impossible using other technologies.Results: The results are readily available within 24 h. Samples from five cenotes (sinkholes) with high flow of people, were analyzed with the microarray. The water samples analyzed detected 228 different bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. They are amongst the most important etiological agents for infectious diseases in Mexico.Conclusions: The microarray provides the opportunity for precise and early detection of various infectious agents in individuals, hospitals and natural environments. This could help reduce the global burden of diseases, the severity of outbreaks, and reduce antibiotic resistance

Valor comercial del chocolate casero

Objective: To know the commercial value of traditional homemade chocolate made in the Chontalpa Region, Tabasco, México. Design/Methodology: The study was carried out in the Ejido Jose Maria Morelos y Pavon municipality of Cardenas and in the Rancheria Miahuatlan municipality of Cunduacan, Tabasco. Interviews were applied and two participatory workshops were held. With two cooperating families, participatory observation was performed, work times were recorded, and photos and videos of the process of making homemade chocolate were taken. Results: The estimated commercial value of one kilogram of sweet homemade chocolate was $290.20. The average price of homemade chocolates offered by the producers was$198.60, ranging from $150.00 to$300.00. The price of sweet chocolate, offered by the Cardenas chocolate factory is $110.10. This product is manufactured in an industrial way and the processes and production volumes are automated. Limitations of the study/Implications: Traditional homemade chocolates are made with community inputs; no electric or fossil energy is used. In the chocolate homemade production process, personal expertise and indigenous technology are applied. The product is for self-consumption; the production surpluses are marketed in the local market. Findings/Conclusions: Traditional homemade chocolate has a commercial value 80.1Diseño/metodología/aproximación: El estudio se realizó en el Ejido José María Morelos y Pavón del municipio de Cárdenas y en la Ranchería Miahuatlán del municipio de Cunduacán, Tabasco. Se aplicaron entrevistas, y se realizaron dos talleres participativos. Con dos familias cooperantes se realizó observación participativa, registro de los tiempos de trabajo, y toma de fotos y videos del proceso de elaboración del chocolate casero. Resultados: La estimación del valor comercial de un kilogramo de chocolate casero dulce fue de$290.20. El precio promedio de los chocolates caseros ofertados por los productores fue $198.60 variando de$150.00 a $300.00. El precio del chocolate dulce, ofertado por la chocolatera de Cárdenas es de$110.10.  Este producto, se elabora de manera industrial y los procesos y volúmenes de producción son automatizados. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: Los chocolates caseros tradicionales se elaboran con insumos de la comunidad, no se usa energía eléctrica ni fósil, en el proceso de producción se aplica experiencia personal y tecnología autóctona.  El producto es de autoconsumo y los excedentes son comercializados en el mercado local. Hallazgos/conclusiones: El chocolate casero tradicional tiene un valor comercial 80.1% mayor al chocolate industrial. No obstante, por la proporción de cacao y por su sabor, olor y aroma los consumidores pagan este sobreprecio

Survey Data on the Impact of COVID-19 on Parental Engagement Across 23 Countries

This data article describes the dataset of the International COVID-19 Impact on Parental Engagement Study (ICIPES). ICIPES is a collaborative effort of more than 20 institutions to investigate the ways in which, parents and caregivers built capacity engaged with children's learning during the period of social distancing arising from global COVID-19 pandemic. A series of data were collected using an online survey conducted in 23 countries and had a total sample of 4,658 parents/caregivers. The description of the data contained in this article is divided into two main parts. The first part is a descriptive analysis of all the items included in the survey and was performed using tables and figures. The second part refers to the construction of scales. Three scales were constructed and included in the dataset: ‘parental acceptance and confidence in the use of technology’, ‘parental engagement in children's learning’ and ‘socioeconomic status’. The scales were created using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Multi-Group Confirmatory Analysis (MG-CFA) and were adopted to evaluate their cross-cultural comparability (i.e., measurement invariance) across countries and within sub-groups. This dataset will be relevant for researchers in different fields, particularly for those interested in international comparative education

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030