NIVEL DE PREFERENCIA DE MERMELADA ELABORADA CON ROCOTO (Capsicum pubescens) Y PIÑA (Ananas comosus)

The pace of life of the current population has led to changes in eating habits and people are likely to suffer from gastric problems. The rocoto chilli is palatable, contains vitamins, antioxidants, and has been reported that consumption of chilies benefits the digestive system. This research aimed to evaluate acceptance and consumer preference to the processed food from the binary combination of a natural fruit pulp and rocoto chilli ; two differents jams formulations to pineapple pulp and rocoto chilli pulp (ratios 1:4 and 1:8) were developed, being used sugar, pectin , potassium sorbate and citric acid, rocoto chilli pulp and pineapple pulp. The preference degree of potential consumer (53 judges aged 17 to 50 years old) was evaluated, significant differences were detected between the two jams formulations (α=0,01), 02 formulation being preferred; 62,26% of consumers expressed a willingness to purchase the preferred jam. The attributes sensory evaluated: color, smell, consistency and flavor, semi-trained panel (16 judges) was used, significant differences were detected in the intensity of color (α<0,05), the other attributes: smell, taste and consistency, judges did not detect difference between the two formulations (α=0,05). The 01 formulation pH 3.45; 75°Brix and 5700 cp at 60 rpm; the 02 formulation showed pH 3,35; 66°Brix and 4500 cp at 60 rpm.El ritmo de vida acelerado de la población actual ha producido cambios en los hábitos alimenticios y las personas están propensas a sufrir problemas gástricos. El rocoto tiene sabor agradable, contiene vitaminas, antioxidantes y su consumo beneficia al sistema digestivo. Esta investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar la aceptación y preferencia del consumidor ante un producto elaborado con la combinación binaria de pulpa de rocoto y un fruto natural; se desarrollaron dos formulaciones de mermelada de rocoto:piña (proporciones 1:4 y 1:8), empleándose pulpa de rocoto, pulpa de piña, azúcar, pectina, sorbato de potasio y ácido cítrico. Se evaluó el nivel de preferencia del consumidor potencial (53 jueces con edades entre 17 a 50 años) detectándose diferencias significativas entre las dos formulaciones de mermelada (α=0,01), prefiriéndose la formulación 02; el 62,26% de los consumidores manifestaron buena disposición para la compra de la mermelada preferida. Se empleó un panel semientrenado (16 jueces) para la evaluación sensorial de los atributos: color, olor, consistencia y sabor; se detectaron diferencias significativas en la intensidad del color (α>0,05), en la evaluación de los atributos olor, sabor y consistencia los jueces no detectaron diferencia entre las dos formulaciones (α=0,05). El análisis fisicoquímico de la formulación 01: pH 3,45; 75°Brix y 5700 cp a 60 rpm; la formulación 02: pH 3,35; 66 °Brix y 4500 cp a 60 rpm

Primary brain calcification: an international study reporting novel variants and associated phenotypes.

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare cerebral microvascular calcifying disorder with a wide spectrum of motor, cognitive, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is typically inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait with four causative genes identified so far: SLC20A2, PDGFRB, PDGFB, and XPR1. Our study aimed at screening the coding regions of these genes in a series of 177 unrelated probands that fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for primary brain calcification regardless of their family history. Sequence variants were classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or of uncertain significance (VUS), based on the ACMG-AMP recommendations. We identified 45 probands (25.4%) carrying either pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (n = 34, 19.2%) or VUS (n = 11, 6.2%). SLC20A2 provided the highest contribution (16.9%), followed by XPR1 and PDGFB (3.4% each), and PDGFRB (1.7%). A total of 81.5% of carriers were symptomatic and the most recurrent symptoms were parkinsonism, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disturbances (52.3%, 40.9%, and 38.6% of symptomatic individuals, respectively), with a wide range of age at onset (from childhood to 81 years). While the pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants identified in this study can be used for genetic counseling, the VUS will require additional evidence, such as recurrence in unrelated patients, in order to be classified as pathogenic

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Vocabulario de la sociedad civil, la ruralidad y los movimientos sociales en América Latina

El Vocabulario de la Sociedad Civil, la Ruralidad y los Movimientos Sociales en América Latina tiene como objetivo desarrollar vocablos relacionados con temas de gran trascendencia para la vida colectiva de la población Latinoamericana; pretende introducir a estudiantes, personas del ámbito académico y activistas en la comprensión de estas categorías de análisis. A través de la mirada de 70 especialistas que participaron en este vocabulario, es posible comprender muchos de los términos que se utilizan dentro de la investigación social y áreas relacionadas con las ciencias políticas, ambientales y rurales, a partir de una mayor explicación y detalle. Es por ello que se inserta este trabajo desde una mirada colectiva y amplia de los conceptos que se exponen. En este libro podrá encontrar las ideas de varios autores y autoras de distintas universidades, con una visión multi, inter y transdisciplinaria. El esfuerzo que se realizó para conjuntar varios términos y analizar su compleja red de interpretaciones, permitirá que este manuscrito pueda ser consultado por estudiantes, personas del ámbito científico-académico, y ciudadanía; porque contiene el estado del arte, la historia del paulatino avance de múltiples conceptos y su vigencia en el contexto actual

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

INSEGURIDAD DE LA PRODUCCIÓN AGRÍCOLA DE ALIMENTOS POR EROSIÓN HÍDRICA EN LA CUENCA DEL RÍO SIGUAS – REGIÓN AREQUIPA

In present investigation was estimated the loss of soil by water erosion, which is the main environmental problem that limits food production because to affect adversely the ability of the soil to sustain productive agriculture, threatening to rural populations whose economy and nourishment are based on agricultural food production. To estimating soil loss, the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE for its acronym in English) and a methodology based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used, which yielded results in quantity, intensity and location of the phenomenon. Were identified soils with medium, high, very high, and critical erosion degree in the districts of Lluta and Huanca from Caylloma province, being studied the trend to produce alfalfa since 12 years ago because is the permanent crop employee to feed cattle milk producer to meet the demand of the company GLORIA S.A., and also were studied annual crops of wheat and potatoes. Agricultural production of alfalfa improving soil fertility, also serves as vegetable coverage it allows eroded soil recovery; as well the the conservation practice by crop rotation allow keeping those transients agricultural production crops: potato and wheat, considered representative yo food safety international.En la presente investigación se estimó la pérdida de suelos por erosión hídrica, que es el principal problema ambiental que limita la producción de alimentos al influir negativamente en la capacidad del suelo para sostener una agricultura productiva, poniendo en riesgo a poblaciones rurales cuya economía y alimentación se basan en la producción agrícola de alimentos. En la estimación de pérdida de suelos se empleó la Ecuación Universal de Perdida de Suelos (USLE, por sus siglas en inglés) y una metodología basada en los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), los que generaron resultados en cantidad, intensidad y localización del fenómeno en estudio. Se identificaron suelos con erosión media, alta, muy alta y crítica en los distritos de Lluta y Huanca de la provincia de Caylloma, estudiándose la tendencia de la producción agrícola (12 años) de alfalfa, por ser el cultivo permanentemente empleado para alimentar al ganado vacuno con fines de producción lechera para abastecer la demanda de la empresa GLORIA S.A., y también se estudiaron los cultivos transitorios de trigo y papa. La producción agrícola de alfalfa mejora la fertilidad de los suelos, asimismo sirve como cobertura vegetal, lo que permite la recuperación de suelos erosionados, también la práctica conservacionista de rotación de cultivos permite que se mantenga la producción agrícola de los cultivos transitorios, considerados representativos para la seguridad alimentaria internacional

Subchronic toxicity and possible teratogenic effect in rats of ethanol extract of Chuquiraga spinosa (huamanpinta)

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la toxicidad subcrónica y posible efecto teratogénico del extracto etanólico de Chuquiraga spinosa (huamanpinta) en ratas de raza Holtzmann. Para la determinación de la toxicidad subcrónica se utilizaron 60 ratas (30 machos y 30 hembras); el primer grupo, control, recibió suero fisiológico 4 mL/kg y el segundo grupo 200 mg/kg de extracto durante cuatro meses consecutivos, realizando la evaluación hematológica y bioquímica al segundo, tercer y cuarto mes. Al final del ensayo (cuarto mes) se realizó el examen anatomopatológico. La determinación del posible efecto teratogénico se realizó utilizando 40 ratas hembras y diez ratas machos. Las ratas hembras recibieron 200 mg/kg diariamente durante un mes antes del apareamiento y, hasta el nacimiento de las crías, se evaluaron el número implantaciones a nivel de cuernos uterinos, fetos vivos y muertos, y malformaciones morfológicas externas de las crías. Del estudio fitoquímico se determinó que el extracto etanólico presentó taninos, compuestos fenólicos, alcaloides, flavonoides y saponinas. En el ensayo de toxicidad subcrónica se observó que hubo diferencia significativa en los valores hematológicos y bioquímicos al segundo, tercer y cuarto mes de tratamiento y, a nivel histopatológico, no se evidenciaron alteraciones en hígado, riñón y cerebro. En relación al posible efecto teratogénico no se observaron diferencias en el peso de las ratas gestantes, número de implantaciones fetales, número de fetos vivos y alteraciones morfológicas de las crías al momento del nacimiento ni a dos meses de seguimiento. Se concluye que el extracto etanólico no presentó toxicidad subcrónica ni efecto teratogénico a la dosis de 200 mg/kg.Objective of this experimental study was to determine the subchronic toxicity and possible teratogenic effect of ethanol extract from Chuquiraga spinosa (huamanpinta) in Holtzman rats. Was used for the determination of subchronic toxicity 60 rats (30 males and 30 females); the first, control, group received saline solution 4 mL/kg and the second group extract at 200 mg/kg during four consecutive months, making evaluation hematological and biochemical the second, third and fourth month. At the end of the trial (fourth month) was made pathological examination. The determination of possible teratogenic effect was performed using 40 female rats and ten male rats. Female rats recived 200 mg/kg daily by a month before mating and until the birth of brood, was evaluated the number implementations to uterine horns level, live and dead fetuses, and external morphological abnormalities of the offspring. The phytochemical study found that the ethanolic extract showed tannins, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. In the chronic toxicity test was observed that there was significant difference in hematological and biochemical values to second, third and fourth month of treatment and no histopathological changes in liver, kidney and brain. Regarding to possible teratogenic effect was observed no difference in the weight of pregnant rats, number of fetal implantations, number of live fetuses and morphological abnormalities of the offspring at birth even two months follow up. Was concluded that ethanolic sxtract not showed sub-chronic toxicity or teratogenic effect at 200 mg/kg dose

Risk Factors Related to New-Onset Diabetes after Renal Transplantation in Patients of a High Complexity University Hospital in Colombia, 20 Years of Experience

Introduction. New-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) is associated with immunosuppression. Its complications can negatively influence patients’ quality of life, which is why it is important to study the associated risk factors and expand the possible therapies in this particular group of patients. Materials and methods. Case-control study nested in a retrospective cohort. It included patients who received kidney transplantation at the high complexity University Hospital Fundación Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia, between 1995 and 2014. Two controls were assigned for each case, depending on the type of donor and the date of the surgery. Information was collected from clinical records and the institutional TRENAL registry. We carried out a descriptive analysis of the selected variables and identified the risk factors with conditional logistic regression. Results. 122 cases were identified to which 224 controls were assigned. The median age was 44 years (IQR: 34–55), and 54% were men. Having >50 years of age at the time of transplantation (OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.6−6.3, p = 0.001), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3−9.7, p = 0.010) and being afro-descendant (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 1.1−6.5, p = 0.023) were identified as risk factors for the development of NODAT. Pretransplant fasting plasma glucose >100 mg/dl (OR: 2.9, 95% CI: 1.4−6.4, p = 0.005) and serum triglycerides >200 mg/dl (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4−4.4, p = 0.002) were also reported as independent risk factors. Conclusion. We ratify some risk factors for the development of this important disease, which include certain modifiable characteristics. Interventions aimed at changes in lifestyle could be established in a timely manner before transplant surgery