Actividad física y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en empleados de un hospital

 Introduction: Occupational tasks and the environment are important influences on individuals' physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Aim: To describe the cardiovascular risk and level of physical activity, in addition to exploring the association between these variables in working adults of a health institution. Methodology: Cross-sectional correlational descriptive study in hospital employees. Results: The sample consisted of 165 workers with an age range of 30 to 58 years (x ̅ = 43.16, SD = 6.10), female n = 104 (63.0%) and male n = 61 (37%), with respect to health data, it is highlighted that the mean abdominal circumference, SAT and BMI are higher than the health recommendations. Conclusions: The CVR factors with the greatest presence in the study population were: age, arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and overweight / obesity, all of them highly linked to physical inactivity.  Introducción: Las tareas ocupacionales y el medio ambiente son influencias importantes en la actividad física de los individuos y conductas sedentarias. Objetivo: Describir el riesgo cardiovascular y nivel de actividad física, además de explorar la asociación entre estas variables en adultos trabajadores de una institución de salud. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal en empleados de un hospital. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 165 trabajadores con rango de edad de 30 a 58 años (x ̅ = 43,16, DE = 6,10), sexo femenino n=104 (63,0 %) y masculino n=61 (37%), respecto a los datos de salud se destaca que la media del perímetro abdominal, TAS e IMC son mayores a las recomendaciones de salud. Conclusiones: Los factores de RCV con mayor presencia en la población estudiada fueron: edad, hipertensión arterial, tabaquismo, diabetes mellitus y sobrepeso/obesidad, todos ellos altamente ligados a la inactividad física. &nbsp

The impact of fire on habitat use by the short-snouted elephant shrew ('Elephantulus brachyrhynchus') in North West Province, South Africa

Several studies have investigated the response of small mammal populations to fire, but few have investigated behavioural responses to habitat modification. In this study we investigated the impact of fire on home range, habitat use and activity patterns of the short-snouted elephant shrew (Elephantulus brachyrhynchus) by radio-tracking individuals before and after a fire event. All animals survived the passage of fire in termite mound refugia. Before the fire, grassland was used more than thickets, but habitat utilization shifted to thickets after fire had removed the grass cover. Thickets were an important refuge both pre- and post-fire, but the proportion of thicket within the home range was greater post-fire. We conclude that fire-induced habitat modification resulted in a restriction of E. brachyrhynchus movements to patches of unburned vegetation. This may be a behavioural response to an increase in predation pressure associated with a reduction in cover, rather than a lack of food. This study highlights the importance of considering the landscape mosaic in fire management and allowing sufficient island patches to remain post-fire ensures the persistence of the small mammal fauna

Comparación de la densidad mineral ósea en futbolistas y árbitros de nivel profesional

The aim of this study was to compare bone mineral density (BMD) of soccer players and professional referees. There were made bone mineral density measurements with the dual x-ray absorptiometry equipment (DEXA) to 27 players (19.81 ± 1.14 years old) and 22 referees (24.95 ± 3.54 years old) from the second division of the Mexican professional soccer league (Liga MX) where the areas of the spine, hip, ribs, arms, legs and full body were evaluated.  It was used the statistical program SPSS (21.0), using the test for independent samples of the t of Student, considering the significance value of p ≤ .05. The players achieved a higher BMD than the referees in most regions of the body, finding only significant difference in the legs and hip (p ≤ .05). The high mineralization of the legs of the players is due to the high contact repeatedly to the game ball, although a higher BMD was also obtained in the referees than in other sports of other studies. Thus concluding that the practice of refereeing in football is positive for bone strengthening. However, more studies on BMD in referees, officials and judges in football and in other disciplines are needed.El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de los futbolistas y árbitros de nivel profesional. Se realizaron mediciones de la densidad mineral del hueso con el equipo de absorciometría dual de rayos X (DEXA) en el cual se evaluaron las regiones de la columna, cadera, costillas, brazos, piernas y cuerpo completo a 27 futbolistas (19.81 ± 1.14 años de edad) y 22 árbitros (24.95 ± 3.54 años de edad) de la segunda división de la liga profesional de fútbol MX de México. Se utilizo el programa estadístico SPSS (21.0), utilizando la prueba para muestras independientes de la t de Student, considerando el valor de significancia de p ≤ .05. Los futbolistas lograron una mayor DMO que los árbitros en la mayoría de las regiones del cuerpo, encontrándose solamente diferencia significativa en las piernas y en la cadera (p ≤ .05). La alta mineralización de las piernas de los futbolistas se debe al alto contacto de repetidas ocasiones con el balón de juego, aunque también se obtuvo un alta DMO en los árbitros que en otros deportes de otros estudios. Concluyendo así que la práctica del arbitraje en el fútbol es positivo para el fortalecimiento del hueso. Sin embargo hacen falta realizar más estudios sobre la DMO en árbitros, réferi y jueces en el fútbol y en otras disciplinas

Radiographers supporting radiologists in the interpretation of screening mammography: a viable strategy to meet the shortage in the number of radiologists.

BackgroundAn alternative approach to the traditional model of radiologists interpreting screening mammography is necessary due to the shortage of radiologists to interpret screening mammograms in many countries.MethodsWe evaluated the performance of 15 Mexican radiographers, also known as radiologic technologists, in the interpretation of screening mammography after a 6 months training period in a screening setting. Fifteen radiographers received 6 months standardized training with radiologists in the interpretation of screening mammography using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) system. A challenging test set of 110 cases developed by the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium was used to evaluate their performance. We estimated sensitivity, specificity, false positive rates, likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) and the area under the subject-specific Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for diagnostic accuracy. A mathematical model simulating the consequences in costs and performance of two hypothetical scenarios compared to the status quo in which a radiologist reads all screening mammograms was also performed.ResultsRadiographer's sensitivity was comparable to the sensitivity scores achieved by U.S. radiologists who took the test but their false-positive rate was higher. Median sensitivity was 73.3 % (Interquartile range, IQR: 46.7-86.7 %) and the median false positive rate was 49.5 % (IQR: 34.7-57.9 %). The median LR+ was 1.4 (IQR: 1.3-1.7 %) and the median AUC was 0.6 (IQR: 0.6-0.7). A scenario in which a radiographer reads all mammograms first, and a radiologist reads only those that were difficult for the radiographer, was more cost-effective than a scenario in which either the radiographer or radiologist reads all mammograms.ConclusionsGiven the comparable sensitivity achieved by Mexican radiographers and U.S. radiologists on a test set, screening mammography interpretation by radiographers appears to be a possible adjunct to radiologists in countries with shortages of radiologists. Further studies are required to assess the effectiveness of different training programs in order to obtain acceptable screening accuracy, as well as the best approaches for the use of non-physician readers to interpret screening mammography

A Step Towards Seascape Scale Conservation: Using Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS) to Map Fishing Activity

Published onlineJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tBACKGROUND: Conservation of marine ecosystems will require a holistic understanding of fisheries with concurrent spatial patterns of biodiversity. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using data from the UK Government Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) deployed on UK-registered large fishing vessels we investigate patterns of fisheries activity on annual and seasonal scales. Analysis of VMS data shows that regions of the UK European continental shelf (i.e. Western Channel and Celtic Sea, Northern North Sea and the Goban Spur) receive consistently greater fisheries pressure than the rest of the UK continental shelf fishing zone. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: VMS provides a unique and independent method from which to derive patterns of spatially and temporally explicit fisheries activity. Such information may feed into ecosystem management plans seeking to achieve sustainable fisheries while minimising putative risk to non-target species (e.g. cetaceans, seabirds and elasmobranchs) and habitats of conservation concern. With multilateral collaboration VMS technologies may offer an important solution to quantifying and managing ecosystem disturbance, particularly on the high-seas.MJW is supported by a Natural Environment Research Council PhD studentship (NER/S/A/2004/12980) at the University of Exeter (Cornwall Campus). BJG receives funding from the European Social Fund

Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0→K∗0μ+μ−

The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B 0→ K ∗0 μ + μ − are studied using a data sample, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. Several angular observables are measured in bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared, q 2. A first measurement of the zero-crossing point of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system is also presented. The zero-crossing point is measured to be q20=4.9±0.9GeV2/c4 , where the uncertainty is the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions

Search for CP violation in D+→ϕπ+ and D+s→K0Sπ+ decays

A search for CP violation in D + → ϕπ + decays is performed using data collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. The CP -violating asymmetry is measured to be (−0.04 ± 0.14 ± 0.14)% for candidates with K − K + mass within 20 MeV/c 2 of the ϕ meson mass. A search for a CP -violating asymmetry that varies across the ϕ mass region of the D + → K − K + π + Dalitz plot is also performed, and no evidence for CP violation is found. In addition, the CP asymmetry in the D+s→K0Sπ+ decay is measured to be (0.61 ± 0.83 ± 0.14)%

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7  TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101  TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126  TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds

Absolute luminosity measurements with the LHCb detector at the LHC

Absolute luminosity measurements are of general interest for colliding-beam experiments at storage rings. These measurements are necessary to determine the absolute cross-sections of reaction processes and are valuable to quantify the performance of the accelerator. Using data taken in 2010, LHCb has applied two methods to determine the absolute scale of its luminosity measurements for proton-proton collisions at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. In addition to the classic "van der Meer scan" method a novel technique has been developed which makes use of direct imaging of the individual beams using beam-gas and beam-beam interactions. This beam imaging method is made possible by the high resolution of the LHCb vertex detector and the close proximity of the detector to the beams, and allows beam parameters such as positions, angles and widths to be determined. The results of the two methods have comparable precision and are in good agreement. Combining the two methods, an overall precision of 3.5% in the absolute luminosity determination is reached. The techniques used to transport the absolute luminosity calibration to the full 2010 data-taking period are presented.Comment: 48 pages, 19 figures. Results unchanged, improved clarity of Table 6, 9 and 10 and corresponding explanation in the tex