Prognostic significance of human pituitary tumor-transforming gene immunohistochemical expression in differentiated thyroid cancer

Context: Human securin pituitary tumor-transforming gene (hPTTG) is overexpressed in a variety of primary neoplasias, including differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of hPTTG in DTC and its association with known prognostic factors. Design: hPTTG expression was analyzed by immunostaining on paraffin-embedded tissues. Clinical data were used to determine any associations between the expression of hPTTG and prognostic variables of DTC. A median follow-up of 43 months allowed us to analyze the persistence of disease and the response to radioiodine therapy. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary university hospital. Patients: Ninety-five patients undergoing surgical resection for DTC (n = 60) or benign nodular thyroid disease (n = 35) were studied. Main Outcome Measure: The main outcome measure was the association between hPTTG expression and prognostic factors in DTC. Results: Among DTC cases, 21 (35%) had low and 39 (65%) had high hPTTG immunostaining. Adjacent nonneoplastic thyroid tissue was largely unstained. Among benign nodular thyroid disease cases, immunostaining was detected focally in eight (22.8%). A significant association was found between hPTTG expression and the presence of nodal (P < 0.01) or distant metastases (P < 0.05). A significant association with TNM was also found, because 83.3% of advanced TNM stages showed elevated hPTTG (P < 0.05). The association between hPTTG overexpression and decreased radioiodine uptake during follow-up was also significant (P < 0.05). The expression levels of hPTTG were confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for persistent disease (relative risk, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-8.7; P < 0.05). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical analysis of hPTTG is of potential value in the determination of tumor aggressiveness in DTC.Peer Reviewe

Optimization of the heating system by electrical resistances in a rapid thermal response mold based on MSR-PSO-FEM

En el presente trabajo se presenta la optimización del sistema de calentamiento por resistencias eléctricas para un molde de respuesta térmica rápida (MRTR), usando la metodología de superficie de respuesta (MSR) así como una técnica de optimización. Aplicando la técnica de diseño de experimentos Box-Behnken, se diseñó una matriz de experimentos con cuatro factores y tres niveles. Las variables de diseño que se emplean para describir el diseño y la forma del sistema de calentamiento, son el flujo de calor por unidad de área de la resistencia eléctrica, las distancias desde el centro de los calentadores a la superficie de la cavidad, la distancia entre las resistencias eléctricas adyacentes y el espesor de la placa de calentamiento. El tiempo de calentamiento, la variación de la temperatura en la cavidad y los esfuerzos de Von-Mises fueron considerados como las variables del modelo. Se realizan análisis térmicos y de resistencia térmico-estructural del modelo basado en método de elemento finito (FEM por sus siglas en inglés) para adquirir las variables objetivas. Además, se desarrollan modelos matemáticos de superficie de respuesta mediante el modelo de regresión mixta y el modelo de superficie de respuesta y se emplea el método de análisis de varianza (ANOVA por sus siglas en inglés), para comprobar la exactitud de dichos modelos matemáticos. Con los modelos obtenidos, se optimiza la posición de las resistencias eléctricas y se reduce la relación entre masa y el volumen del inserto de la cavidad para minimizar el tiempo de calentamiento dentro de una distribución de temperatura y resistencia estructural razonables, acoplando los modelos de superficie de respuesta desarrollados con el método de optimización de enjambre de partículas (PSO por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el tiempo de calentamiento requerido en la superficie de la cavidad se puede reducir significativamente en el ciclo de moldeo, demostrando con estos la efectividad del sistema de calentamiento.The aim of this work to optimization of the heating system by electrical resistances for a rapid thermal response mold (MRTR), using the response surface methodology (MSR). Applying the design technique of the Box-Behnken experiments, a matrix of experiments with four factors and three levels was designed. The design variables that are used to describe the design and shape of the heating system are the heat flux per unit area of the electrical resistance, the distances from the center of the heaters to the surface of the cavity, the distance between the adjacent electrical resistors and the thickness of the heating plate. The heating time, the variation of the temperature in the cavity and the Von-Mises stress were considered as the variables of the model. Thermal and thermal-structural resistance analyzes of the model based on finite element method (FEM) are performed to acquire the objective variables. Mathematical response surface models are developed using the mixed regression model and the response surface model and the variance analysis method (ANOVA) is used to verify the accuracy of these mathematical models. With the obtained models, the position of the electric resistances is optimized and the ratio between mass and volume of the cavity insert is reduced to minimize the heating time within a reasonable temperature distribution and structural strength, coupling the surface models of response developed with the method of particle swarm optimization (PSO). The results obtained indicate that the required heating time on the surface of the cavity can be significantly reduced in the molding cycle, demonstrating with these the effectiveness of the heating system.Peer Reviewe

¿Cómo se discute la violencia contra las mujeres en el espacio público digital?: divulgación de resultados investigación-docencia

Este documento presenta los resultados más relevantes de un proceso de investigación y docencia desarrollado en el marco de los cursos C-1103 Comunicación y Poder y C-1002 Comunicación Inclusiva de la Concentración en Comunicación Social de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicación Colectiva durante el ciclo II-2020, en articulación con el Programa de Narrativas, Género y Comunicación del Centro de Investigación en Comunicación – CICOM-, de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). El proyecto se planteó objetivos en tres ámbitos: el de la investigación, el de la enseñanza-aprendizaje y el de la política pública. En primer lugar, esta investigación responde al esfuerzo de articulación entre el CICOM y el Instituto Nacional de las Mujeres, INAMU, institución que coordina a las 22 instituciones que conforman el Sistema Nacional de prevención y atención de la violencia contra las mujeres e intrafamiliar (Ley 8688), encargado de implementar la Política Nacional para la atención y prevención de la violencia contra las mujeres de todas las edades, PLANOVI 2017-2032 y del cual la UCR es parte. Esta política, particularmente los ejes 1 y 2, centran su interés en la comunicación como vehículo fundamental para conseguir el cambio cultural y propiciar la erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres y la promoción de las masculinidades no violentas. Para ello, se requiere diseñar e implementar una estrategia integrada de comunicación que exige, como punto de partida, determinar cuáles son los discursos sobre la violencia contra las mujeres que circulan en el espacio público costarricense en la actualidad. Con este documento, aspiramos a generar insumos que impacten en el diseño de dicha estrategia.Universidad de Costa Rica/[]/UCR/Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Comunicación (CICOM

Meta-analysis of CO2 conversion, energy efficiency, and other performance data of plasma-catalysis reactors with the open access PIONEER database

This paper brings the comparison of performances of CO2 conversion by plasma and plasma-assisted catalysis based on the data collected from literature in this field, organised in an open access online database. This tool is open to all users to carry out their own analyses, but also to contributors who wish to add their data to the database in order to improve the relevance of the comparisons made, and ultimately to improve the efficiency of CO2 conversion by plasma-catalysis. The creation of this database and database user interface is motivated by the fact that plasma-catalysis is a fast-growing field for all CO2 conversion processes, be it methanation, dry reforming of methane, methanolisation, or others. As a result of this rapid increase, there is a need for a set of standard procedures to rigorously compare performances of different systems. However, this is currently not possible because the fundamental mechanisms of plasma-catalysis are still too poorly understood to define these standard procedures. Fortunately however, the accumulated data within the CO2 plasma-catalysis community has become large enough to warrant so-called “big data” studies more familiar in the fields of medicine and the social sciences. To enable comparisons between multiple data sets and make future research more effective, this work proposes the first database on CO2 conversion performances by plasma-catalysis open to the whole community. This database has been initiated in the framework of a H2020 European project and is called the “PIONEER DataBase”. The database gathers a large amount of CO2 conversion performance data such as conversion rate, energy efficiency, and selectivity for numerous plasma sources coupled with or without a catalyst. Each data set is associated with metadata describing the gas mixture, the plasma source, the nature of the catalyst, and the form of coupling with the plasma. Beyond the database itself, a data extraction tool with direct visualisation features or advanced filtering functionalities has been developed and is available online to the public. The simple and fast visualisation of the state of the art puts new results into context, identifies literal gaps in data, and consequently points towards promising research routes. More advanced data extraction illustrates the impact that the database can have in the understanding of plasma-catalyst coupling. Lessons learned from the review of a large amount of literature during the setup of the database lead to best practice advice to increase comparability between future CO2 plasma-catalytic studies. Finally, the community is strongly encouraged to contribute to the database not only to increase the visibility of their data but also the relevance of the comparisons allowed by this tool

La Dorada, Caldas : un lugar mágico lleno de paz y emociones mil ¡Que viva mi terruño que tanto amo! : recopilación de cuentos folclóricos

En el libro recupera cuentos folclóricos, versos, canciones, juegos y mitos producto de la tradición oral difundida en La Dorada Caldas y le da reconocimiento a los narradores de la cultura oral del poblado.In the book, he recovers folk tales, verses, songs, games and myths that are the product of the oral tradition spread in La Dorada Caldas and gives recognition to the narrators of the oral culture of the town.El fantasma -- Anécdota de la patasola -- Historia del mohán -- El pollito pio -- Nos ayudamos -- La emboscada -- Toño un amigo con diversidad -- El horripilante olvido en medio de un temblor -- Valoremos -- Mito de un arriero -- El juego de la candela -- Canción el capitán de un buque -- Versos -- Multiplicadores de la cultura oral.na66 página

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 10

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 10, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro es una publicación internacional, seriada, continua, arbitrada de acceso abierto a todas las áreas del conocimiento, que cuenta con el esfuerzo de investigadores de varios países del mundo, orientada a contribuir con procesos de gestión del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y humanístico que consoliden la transformación del conocimiento en diferentes escenarios, tanto organizacionales como universitarios, para el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas del quehacer diario. La gestión del conocimiento es un camino para consolidar una plataforma en las empresas públicas o privadas, entidades educativas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, ya sea generando políticas para todas las jerarquías o un modelo de gestión para la administración, donde es fundamental articular el conocimiento, los trabajadores, directivos, el espacio de trabajo, hacia la creación de ambientes propicios para el desarrollo integral de las instituciones

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Surprising low abundance of European wildcats in a Mediterranean protected area of southwestern Spain

The wildcat is a protected species in Europe but the lack of information on its status in many areas of its distribution range is an obstacle to conservation initiatives. To assess the status of the species over a 54,300 ha Mediterranean protected area in southwestern Spain (Do ñ ana National Park, DNP), we carried out track censuses during the wet season of 2007 – 2008 and 2008 – 2009 in 2 × 2 km 2 quadrants and set camera traps from June 2008 to October 2010 in quadrants or nearby quadrants where cat tracks were detected. We detected a total of 52 cat tracks for both study years and identified six different individuals from 28 photographs taken at 12 out of 166 trapping stations. We hypothesized that the causes of the a priori surprising low abundance of the species in the area might be multifold and might be explained by the historic competitive exclusion of the species by the Iberian lynx, the decrease of rabbit population in the DNP during the past decades, the isolation of DNP from the nearest natural areas that could have slowed the recovery of wildcat populations after a species declining and a potential increased mortality rate over time due to disease transmission from domestic cats.Peer reviewe