Protección del Medio Ambiente en alojamientos rurales del Departamento del Quindío

Good environmental practices are conceived as actions taken to prevent or reduce the environmental damage generated by activities that man performs. The identification of the practices mentioned requires an in-house search of the sites dedicated to the activity of rural tourism, such as rural accommodation. The socialization of the findings, allows to incentivize social responsibility with the replica of actions of prevention and recovery of natural wealth. Good environmental practices contribute to the control of the pressure on the environment, ecosystems and natural resources by the aforementioned tourism activities, reducing exploitation purposes, which only pursue economic profit. The identification of good environmental practices in rural accommodation was carried out through observation visits and application of the questionnaire to owners and employees, information that is systematized for their respective analysis. The objectives of the work that enabled the elaboration of the article presented were: to identify good environmental practices carried out in rural accommodation in the Quindío department, to characterize the accounting management, or recognition of the costs that these practices generate, as well as to recognize the impact that cost knowledge has on the realization of them. The research is exploratory-descriptive and was conducted in rural accommodation in the Quindío department, selected from the database of COTELCO Quindío and the Chamber of Commerce of Armenia and Quindío. The responses obtained showed good environmental practices in the accommodation under study and it was found that operators recognize and apply regulations related to the above-mentioned good practices.Las buenas prácticas ambientales son concebidas como acciones realizadas por el hombre, para evitar o disminuir daño ambiental. Identificar dichas prácticas, precisa indagar en sitios dedicados a actividades del turismo rural. Socializar los hallazgos, permite incentivar la responsabilidad social con la réplica de acciones de prevención y recuperación de la riqueza natural. Las buenas prácticas ambientales contribuyen al control de la presión que ejercen las actividades turísticas, sobre el medio ambiente, reduciendo propósitos de explotación. La identificación de buenas prácticas ambientales en alojamientos rurales fue realizada mediante visitas de observación y aplicación de cuestionario, información que fue sistematizada para su análisis. Los objetivos que permitieron la elaboración del presente artículo fueron: identificar buenas prácticas ambientales realizadas en alojamientos rurales del Quindío, caracterizar el manejo contable o reconocimiento de costos que dichas prácticas generan y reconocer la incidencia de conocimientos de costos sobre la realización de buenas prácticas. La investigación es de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, realizada en alojamientos rurales del Quindío, seleccionados de la base de datos de COTELCO Quindío y la Cámara de Comercio de Armenia. Las respuestas permitieron evidenciar la realización de buenas prácticas ambientales en alojamientos rurales encontrando que los operadores, reconocen y aplican normativa relacionada con dichas prácticas

Mecanismos de ação de fungos e bactérias empregados como biofertilizantes em solos agrícolas: uma revisão sistemática

Phosphorus, nitrogen, iron and potassium are some compounds necessary for plant growth and development; chemical fertilizers used to increase concentration significantly affect the environment and soil ecosystems. According to the scientific literature, microorganisms with biofertilizer potential have demonstrated various mechanisms of action to solubilize these compounds and thus meet the requirements of plants. This systematic review collects scientific information that describes the mechanisms of action of microbial fertilizers in agricultural soils, published between 2004 and 2014, in three different databases; ScienceDirect, SpringerLink and Scopus,using the search path (biofertilizer) AND (bacteria OR fungi) AND (effect OR action OR mechanism). After using different inclusion and exclusion criteria, the search displayed a total of 63 original articles, including six unindexed documents. As a result of the systematic review, it indicates that the production of various organic acids allows soil acidification, facilitating absorption of elements. It was also observed that solubilization of P is the most described mechanism, by obtaining a solubilizing of 726.5 mg/L of P due to P. pseudoalcaligenes.El fósforo, el nitrógeno, el hierro y el potasio son algunos compuestos necesarios para el crecimiento y desarrollo vegetal. Los fertilizantes químicos empleados para aumentar su concentración afectan significativamente el medioambiente y los ecosistemas del suelo. De acuerdo con la literatura científica, los microorganismos con potencial biofertilizante han demostrado poseer diversos mecanismos de acción para solubilizar estos compuestos y así cumplir con los requerimientos de las plantas. La presente revisión sistemática recopila información científica (publicada entre los años 2004 y 2014) que describe los mecanismos de acción de los biofertilizantes microbianos en suelos agrícolas. Se usaron tres bases de datos: ScienceDirect, SpringerLink y Scopus, mediante la ruta de búsqueda (biofertilizer) AND (bacteria OR fungi) AND (effect OR action OR mechanism). Tras la comprobación con diversos criterios de inclusión y exclusión, la búsqueda arrojó un total de 63 artículos originales, incluyendo seis de publicaciones no indexadas. Como resultado de la revisión sistemática, se evidenció que la producción de diversos ácidos orgánicos permite la acidificación del suelo, lo cual facilita la absorción de los elementos. También se pudo observar que la solubilización de fósforo es el mecanismo más frecuentemente descrito, obtenido por Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes con hasta 726,5 mg/L de solubilización en este elemento.O fósforo, o nitrogênio, o ferro e o potássio são alguns compostos necessários para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento vegetal. Os fertilizantes químicos empregados para aumentar sua concentração afetam significativamente o meio ambiente e os ecossistemas do solo. De acordo com a literatura científica, os micro-organismos com potencial biofertilizante têm demonstrado possuir diversos mecanismos de ação para solubilizar esses compostos e, assim, cumprir com o que as plantas exigem. A presente revisão sistemática reúne informação científica (publicada entre 2004 e 2014) que descreve os mecanismos de ação dos biofertilizantes micro-bianos em solos agrícolas. Foram usadas três bases de dados: ScienceDirect, SpringerLink e Scopus, mediante a rota de busca (biofertilizer) AND (bacteria OR fungi) AND (effect OR action OR mechanism). Após a comprovação com diversos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, a busca produziu um total de 63 artigos originais, incluindo seis de publicações não indexadas. Como resultado da revisão sistemática, evidenciou-se que a produção de diversos ácidos orgânicos permite a acidificação do solo, o que facilita a absorção dos elementos. Também pôde ser observado que a solubilização de fósforo é o mecanismo mais frequentemente descrito, obtido por Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes com até 726,5 mg/L de solubilização nesse elemento

El carácter pedagógico y didáctico de las acciones educativas de los programas recreo-deportivos

This is a reflection of pedagogical and didactic nature of the educational activities of recreation-sports programs offered today in the country and that stems from the concern to make clear what makes the sport and recreation a formative stage in each of their practices. This problem is embodied in the presence of specialized programs approaches that can lead to forgetting the experience and sensitivity, negating other forms of relationships and generating an exclusive production needs, efficiency, organic and objectification of the body, in a society now claims bodily practices with a transformative approach that contributes to building a peaceful society. We intend to draw attention to the didactics and pedagogical concepts that accompanies such scenarios today and so encourage the emergence of new proposals necessary to continue building Physical Education.Esta es una reflexión del carácter pedagógico y didáctico de las acciones educativas de los programas recreo- deportivos que se ofrecen hoy en el país y que nace de la preocupación por hacer evidente aquello que hace del deporte y la recreación un escenario formativo en cada una de sus prácticas. Esta problemática se ve materializada en la presencia de programas con enfoques tecnicistas que pueden llevar a un olvido de la experiencia y la sensibilidad, anulando otras formas de relaciones y generando una necesidad exclusiva de producción, rendimiento, organicidad y cosificación del cuerpo, en una sociedad que hoy más que nunca reclama prácticas corporales con un enfoque transformativo que aporte a la construcción de una sociedad en paz. Pretendemos llamar la atención sobre las concepciones didácticas y pedagógicas que acompaña hoy dichos escenarios y motivar así al surgimiento de nuevas propuestas necesarias para seguir construyendo la educación física

Stress distribution on a five unit fixed partial prosthesis with intermediate abutment: biomechanical analysis using a finite element model

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to establish the mechanical behavior between rigid and non-rigid fixed dental prosthesis of five units with an intermediate abutment using the finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: a five unit rigid model with 124.469 nodes and 76.215 elements and a non-rigid model with 125.130 nodes and 77.396 elements were designed. It consisted of trabecular bone, cortical bone, periodontal ligament, pulp, dentine, root, resinous cement, metal ceramic crowns and tube-lock adjustment (Sterngold®, Implamed Attleboro MA). The fixed dental prosthesis included a central incisor, lateral incisor, canine, first and second upper premolars. A force of 200 N was applied with an oblique and vertical direction. The variables included in the model were modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio and non-rigid adjustment. Von Misses stresses, main, maximum and minimum, were calculated for each group. Results and conclusions: the analysis of the mechanical behavior indicated that the rigid fixed dental prosthesis showed a better distribution of the stresses in comparison with the non-rigid model. The behavior of each group indicated that the rigid model transmitted less stress to the underlying root and bone. The indication to use an adjustment would not be justified according to the results of this study.RESUMEN: El presente estudio pretendió determinar el comportamiento mecánico entre tramos protésicos rígidos y no rígidos de una prótesis fija de cinco unidades con pilar intermedio utilizando el análisis de elementos finitos (AEF) Métodos: se diseñó un modelo rígido de cinco unidades con 124,469 nodos y 76,215 elementos y un modelo no rígido con 125,130 nodos y 77,396 elementos, conformados por hueso esponjoso, hueso cortical, ligamento periodontal, pulpa, dentina, raíz, cemento resinoso, coronas metal-cerámica y ajuste tuve-lock (Sterngold®, Implamed Attleboro MA). El tramo protésico comprendió un incisivo central, un incisivo lateral, un canino, un primer premolar y un segundo premolar superior. Se aplicó una fuerza de 200 N con dirección oblicua y vertical. Las variables incluidas en el modelado fueron módulo de elasticidad, razón de Poisson y el ajuste no rígido. Fueron calculados los esfuerzos von Misses, máximos principales y mínimos principales para cada grupo. Resultados y conclusiones: el análisis del comportamiento mecánico indicó que en el tramo protésico rígido hubo mejor distribución de los esfuerzos en relación con el modelo no rígido. El comportamiento de cada grupo indicó que el modelo rígido transmitió menos esfuerzo a la raíz y al hueso subyacente. La influencia de poner un ajuste no se justificaría según los resultados de este estudio.Comité para el Desarrollo de la Investigación (CODI), Facultad de Ingeniería y Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Antioquia

Futuros encriptados : Antología de historias de ciencia ficción

La presente antología recoge historias de ciencia ficción escritas por los estudiantes del curso ―TecnoCF: Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en clave de Ciencia Ficción-‖, dictado durante el primer semestre de 2016, en la Escuela Interamericana de Bibliotecología, de la Universidad de Antioquia. El curso está diseñado como un taller de lectura y escritura, y tiene el objetivo de fomentar el pensamiento crítico y reflexivo frente a la tecnología, sus aplicaciones, usos y consecuencias.Ilustraciones interiores: Santiago Toro y Vanesa Estrada Palacio. Fotografía de cubierta: CC0 Michael Schwarzenberger

What to do when I am sick? Women displaced by violence and their search for well-being alternatives in Medellin 2013-2014

ABSTRACT: To recognize the experiences derived from the search for healthcare alternatives performed by women who have been displaced by violence and currently live in three settlements in Medellin, Colombia, during 2013-2014. Methodology: a qualitative research was conducted using grounded theory. Two types of sources were taken into account: primary sources were the discourses collected via interviews with women who have been displaced by violence and who lived in one of three settlements in Medellin at the time of this study. These interviews were applied personally and the women were culturally, ethnically and idiosyncratically diverse. The secondary sources were obtained by reviewing official documents, literature, other studies and additional material on this issue. Data were collected through semistructured interviews, focus groups and in- depth interviews. Results and Discussion: when feeling ill, women displaced by violence use traditional medicine as the first alternative to satisfy their health needs. If this is not successful, other important alternatives such as healthcare services are then used to regain well-being. When feeling healthy, these women try to keep interacting with these alternatives in order to ensure that their current health status does not change. Conclusions: women displaced by violence perceive health and illness in a way that allows them to interact with different alternatives for the preservation or recovery of their health status.RESUMEN: Reconocer los diferentes significados de las experiencias de las mujeres desplazadas en relación con la percepción de su estado de salud y cómo este influye en la búsqueda y el uso de servicios de salud o medicina tradicional, para los años 2013-2014. Metodología: se realizó una investigación cualitativa utilizando el método conocido como Teoría Fundada; se tuvieron dos tipos de fuentes: primarias, constituidas por los discursos recogidos en entrevistas aplicadas personalmente a 49 mujeres que han sido desplazadas y que para el momento de la investigación residían en tres asentamientos de la ciudad de Medellín y cuyas características se definieron por la diversidad cultural, étnica e idiosincrasia; y las fuentes secundarias, compuestas por la revisión de documentos oficiales, literatura, otras investigaciones y demás material que tratara a cerca de este tema; las herramientas de recolección fueron entrevista semiestructurada, grupos focales y entrevistas a profundidad. Resultados y discusión: se encuentra que las mujeres desplazadas al percibirse enfermas hacen uso de la medicina tradicional y otras alternativas importantes como los servicios asistenciales para satisfacer sus necesidades en salud. En el caso de percibirse sanas, las mujeres buscan mantener una interacción con estas alternativas para asegurar que su estado de salud actual no varíe. Conclusión: se concluye que las percepciones de salud o enfermedad que tienen las mujeres en condición de desplazamiento, hacen que ellas interactúen con diferentes alternativas para la preservación o recuperación de su estado de salud

Prescription practices and medical knowledge on direct oral anticoagulants in a reference hospital

ABSTRACT: Introduction and objective: The experience and knowledge concerning the use of direct oral anticoagulants among specialists in Medellin, Colombia, are not known. Our goal was to describe the use of these drugs in patients treated at Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe and to assess the level of knowledge regarding this issue in professionals from this institution. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study conducted between January 2012 and January 2013. Two strategies to collect information were used, namely: Analysis of relevant medical records and evaluation of knowledge about the appropriate use and prescription of direct oral anticoagulants in the group of medical specialists. Results: 114 records were included in the analysis; rivaroxaban was the most frequently prescribed drug (87%) followed by dabigatran (13%). The main indication was prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery (69%). Average of correct answers among the different specialists evaluated was 67% with no apparent difference between them. Conclusion: rivaroxaban was prescribed more often than dabigatran; however, this fact does not appear to be associated with a clear and sufficient medical knowledge about these drugs. No reports of adverse events associated with this therapy were found.RESUMEN: Se desconocen la experiencia y el conocimiento con los que cuenta el personal médico del medio en el manejo de los anticoagulantes orales directos. Se pretende describir el uso de estos medicamentos en los pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe y evaluar el nivel de conocimientos al respecto en los profesionales de la misma institución. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en el período comprendido entre enero del 2012 y enero del 2013. Para recolectar la información se utilizaron dos estrategias: el análisis de las historias clínicas pertinentes y la evaluación de conocimientos sobre la prescripción y el uso de anticoagulantes orales directos en el grupo de especialistas facultados. Resultados: en el análisis se incluyeron 114 historias; el rivaroxaban fue el medicamento prescrito con mayor frecuencia (87%) seguido del dabigatrán (13%). La principal indicación fue la profilaxis en cirugía ortopédica (69%). Entre los especialistas evaluados, el promedio de respuestas acertadas fue del 67% sin diferencias aparentes entre los mismos. Conclusión: el rivaroxaban se prescribió con mayor frecuencia que el dabigatrán; sin embargo, este hallazgo no parece asociarse con un conocimiento médico claro y suficiente acerca de estos medicamentos. No se encontraron reportes de eventos adversos asociados al uso de los mismos

La comprensión lectora desde la alianza fantasía y realidad

En el marco de las Becas por la Excelencia del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, el presente macroproyecto se propone fortalecer la comprensión de lectura de los estudiantes de siete instituciones del municipio de Medellín y una de Belén de Bajirá, aplicando diferentes estrategias de lectura planteadas de acuerdo al contexto. Estas estrategias se organizaron en secuencias didácticas que siguieron la alianza entre la fantasía y la realidad y se eligió como tema integrador los superhéroes. En cada grado de la básica primaria se aplicó una secuencia particular y se implementaron instrumentos de recolección de datos que permitieron hacer análisis de resultados de manera individual, luego por grado para posteriormente analizar la implementación de todos los grados escolares. Además de concluir frente a la implementación y los objetivos de investigación, se aporta a la metodología de investigación en macroproyecto.In the framework of the scholarships of the Ministerio de Educación Nacional, the present large-scale project proposes to strengthen the reading comprehension in seven schools in Medellín and one in Belen de Bajira taking into account the context at the moment to apply teaching-learning strategies. These strategies were organised in didactic sequences that followed the main topic which is reality and fantasy, and superheroes was chosen as the integrated theme. In each group of primary school was applied a particular sequence and was implemented a data collection instrument that allowed to analyze individual and general outcomes. This with the idea to put into practice the didactic sequences in all the school years. And finally, the idea of this large-scale project could help to future teacher to carry this out in their classrooms as a new innovative way to enhance the reading comprehension in all the students

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The Research Journey as a Challenge Towards New Trends

The academic community of the department of Risaralda, in its permanent interest in evidencing the results of the research processes that are carried out from the Higher Education Institutions and as a product of the VI meeting of researchers of the department of Risaralda held in November 2021 presents its work: “The journey of research as a challenge towards new trends”, which reflects the result of the latest research and advances in different lines of knowledge in Agricultural Sciences, Health Sciences, Social Sciences and Technology and Information Sciences, which seek to solve and meet the demands of the different sectors. This work would not have been possible without the help of each of the teachers, researchers and authors who presented their articles that make up each of the chapters of the book, to them our gratitude for their commitment, dedication and commitment, since their sole purpose is to contribute from the academy and science to scientific and technological development in the search for the solution of problems and thus contribute to transform the reality of our society and communities. We also wish to extend our gratitude to the institutions of the Network that made this publication possible: UTP, UCP, UNAD, UNIREMINGTON; UNISARC, CIAF, Universidad Libre, Uniclaretiana, Fundación Universitaria Comfamiliar and UNIMINUTO, institutions that in one way or another allowed this work to become a reality, which we hope will be of interest to you.Preface............................................................................................................................7 Chapter 1. Technologies and Engineering Towards a humanization in Engineering using soft skills in training in Engineers.............................................................................................................11 Omar Iván Trejos Buriticá1, Luis Eduardo Muñoz Guerrero Innovative materials in construction: review from a bibliometric analysis....................................................................................................................27 Cristian Osorio Gómez, Daniel Aristizábal Torres, Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Cristhian Camilo Amariles López Bibliometric review of disaster risk management: progress, trends, and challenges.........................................................................................................51 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Gloria Milena Molina Vinasco. Incidence of land coverage and geology, in the unstability of lands of the micro-basin of the Combia creek, Pereira, Risaralda....................................73 Alejandro Alzate Buitrago, Daniel Aristizábal Torres. Chapter 2. Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences Training experience with teachers teaching mathematics using the inquiry methodology ...............................................................................................95 Vivian Libeth Uzuriaga López, Héctor Gerardo Sánchez Bedoya. Interpretation of the multiple representations of the fears associated to the boarding of limited visual patients in the elective I students’ written productions and low vision ...................................................................................113 Eliana Bermúdez Cardona, Ana María Agudelo Guevara, Caterine Villamarín Acosta. The relevance of local knowledge in social sciences............................................131 Alberto Antonio Berón Ospina, Isabel Cristina Castillo Quintero. Basic education students’ conceptions of conflict a view from the peace for the education....................................................................................................143 Astrid Milena Calderón Cárdenas,Carolina Aguirre Arias, Carolina Franco Ossa, Martha Cecilia Gutiérrez Giraldo, Orfa Buitrago. Comprehensive risk prevention in educational settings: an interdisciplinary and socio-educational approach ............................................................................163 Olga María Henao Trujillo, Claudia María López Ortiz. Chapter 3. Natural and Agricultural Sciences Physicochemical characterization of three substrates used in the deep bedding system in swine .......................................................................................175 Juan Manuel Sánchez Rubio, Andrés Felipe Arias Roldan, Jesús Arturo Rincón Sanz, Jaime Andrés Betancourt Vásquez. Periodic solutions in AFM models........................................................................187 Daniel Cortés Zapata, Alexander Gutiérrez Gutiérrez. Phenology in flower and fruit of Rubus glaucus benth. Cv. Thornless in Risaralda: elements for phytosanitary management .........................................199 Shirley Palacios Castro, Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, James Montoya Lerma, Ricardo Flórez, Harry Josué Pérez. Socio-economic and technical characterization of the cultivation of avocado (Persea americana) in Risaralda..............................................................217 Andrés Alfonso Patiño Martínez, Kelly Saudith Castañez Poveda, Eliana Gómez Correa. Biosecurity management in backyard systems in Santa Rosa de Cabal, Risaralda................................................................................................................227 Julia Victoria Arredondo Botero, Jaiver Estiben Ocampo Jaramillo, Juan Sebastián Mera Vallejo, Álvaro de Jesús Aranzazu Hernández. CONTENTS Physical-chemical diagnosis of soils in hillside areas with predominance of Lulo CV. La Selva production system in the department of Risaralda.............241 Adriana Patricia Restrepo Gallón, María Paula Landinez Montes, Jimena Tobón López. Digestibility of three concentrates used in canine feeding....................................271 María Fernanda Mejía Silva, Valentina Noreña Sánchez, Gastón Adolfo Castaño Jiménez. Chapter 4. Economic, Administrative, and Accounting Sciences Financial inclusion in households from socioeconomic strata 1 and 2 in the city of Pereira ..................................................................................................285 Lindy Neth Perea Mosquera, Marlen Isabel Redondo Ramírez, Angélica Viviana Morales. Internal marketing strategies as a competitive advantage for the company Mobilautos SAS de Dosquebradas........................................................................303 Inés Montoya Sánchez, Sandra Patricia Viana Bolaños, Ana María Barrera Rodríguez. Uses of tourist marketing in the tourist sector of the municipality of Belén de Umbría, Risaralda.............................................................................................319 Ana María Barrera Rodríguez, Paola Andrea Echeverri Gutiérrez, María Camila Parra Buitrago, Paola Andrea Martín Muñoz, Angy Paola Ángel Vélez, Luisa Natalia Trejos Ospina. Territorial prospective of Risaralda department (Colombia), based on the SDGS...............................................................................................................333 Juan Guillermo Gil García, Samanta Londoño Velásquez. Chapter 5. Health and Sports Sciences Performance evaluation in times of pandemic. What do medical students think?.......................................................................................................353 Samuel Eduardo Trujillo Henao, Rodolfo A. Cabrales Vega, Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez. The relevance of the therapist’s self and self-reference in the training of psychologists.....................................................................................................371 Maria Paula Marmolejo Lozano, Mireya Ospina Botero. Habits related to oral health which influence lifestyle of elder people in a wellness center for the elderly in Pereira 2020. .............................................387 Isadora Blanco Pérez, Olga Patricia Ramírez Rodríguez, Ángela María Rincón Hurtado. Analysis of the suicide trend in the Coffee Region in Colombia during the years 2012-2018 ..............................................................................................405 Germán Alberto Moreno Gómez, Jennifer Nessim Salazar, Jairo Franco Londoño, Juan Carlos Medina Osorio. Hind limb long bone fractures in canines and felines...........................................419 María Camila Cruz Vélez, Valentina Herrera Morales, Alba Nydia Restrepo Jiménez, Lina Marcela Palomino, Gabriel Rodolfo Izquierdo Bravo. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in the rural and urban area of Risaralda....................................................................................................439 Angela María Álvarez López, Angela Liceth Pérez Rendón, Alejandro Gómez Rodas, Luis Enrique Isaza Velásquez. Chapter 6. Architecture, Design and Advertising The artisan crafts of Risaralda, characteristics, importance, and risks within the Colombian Coffee Cultural Landscape, CCCL....................................457 Yaffa Nahir Ivette Gómez Barrera, Javier Alfonso López Morales