« Par la volonté du Duce et par l’œuvre du Parti »

Les dictateurs de l'entre-deux-guerres sont au centre des analyses et de la réflexion des historiens dès les années cinquante. Non seulement dans le domaine de la comparaison entre régimes totalitaires mais aussi dans la perspective des histoires nationales : il suffit de rappeler – pour ne s'en tenir qu'aux cas allemand et italien – d'une part que l'évaluation du rôle joué par Adolf Hitler dans l'édification de l'État nazi fut à l'origine de la division entre « intentionnalistes » et « fonct..

Repenser les liens entre l’histoire de l’art et la nation

Entamant un fructueux dialogue avec l’idée de nation et la constellation linguistique qui l’entoure, les travaux d’Éric Michaud et de Michela Passini s’interrogent sur la fonction exercée par l’histoire de l’art dans les constructions identitaires. Marqués par des approches et par des parcours critiques différents, les trois ouvrages semblent avoir en commun l’intention de remédier à la sous-évaluation du penchant nationaliste de l’histoire de l’art européenne : en proposer une lecture croisée peut représenter une contribution à la réflexion sur la portée politique des œuvres artistiques et de leurs histoires, et sur l’influence que les visions organicistes, physiognomoniques et classificatoires du passé continuent d’exercer sur le présent du nouveau millénaire.Initiating a fruitful dialogue within the idea of nation and the linguistic constellation that surrounds it, the works of Éric Michaud and Michela Passini question the role of art history in the constructions of identity. Although marked by different approaches and different critical paths, the three volumes appear to have in common the intention of overcoming the underestimation of the nationalist tendency in the history of European art. Proposing reading across these tendencies helps us to think about the political scope of artistic works and their histories and the influence that the organicistic, physiognomonic and classificatory visions of the past continue to exert on the present in this new millennium.In einem fruchtbaren Dialog über die Idee der Nation und der sie umgebenden Sprachkonstellation hinterfragen die Arbeiten von Éric Michaud und Michela Passini die Funktion der Kunstgeschichte in Identitätskonstruktionen. Die drei Bücher, die von unterschiedlichen Ansätzen und kritischen Pfaden geprägt sind, scheinen die gemeinsame Absicht zu haben, der Unterbewertung der nationalen Voreingenommenheit der europäischen Kunstgeschichte Abhilfe zu verschaffen: Diese vergleichende Lektüre ist ein Beitrag zur Reflexion über die politische Reichweite künstlerischer Arbeiten und ihrer Geschichtsschreibung und über den Einfluss der organisatorischen, physiognomonischen und klassifikatorischen Visionen der Vergangenheit auf die Gegenwart des neuen Jahrtausends.I lavori di Éric Michaud e di Michela Passini, che imbastiscono un fruttuoso dialogo con l’idea di nazione e la costellazione linguistica che la circonda, s’interrogano sulla funzione esercitata dalla storia dell’arte nella costruzione identitaria. Segnati da approcci e da percorsi critici differenti, i tre libri mi sembrano accomunati dall’intenzione di rimediare alla sottostima del versante nazionalista della storia dell’arte europea: proporne una lettura incrociata può rappresentare un contributo alla riflessione sulla portata politica delle opere artistiche e delle loro storie, e sull’influenza che le visioni organiciste, fisiognomiche e classificatorie del passato continuano a esercitare sul presente.Estableciendo un fructuoso diálogo con la idea de nación y la constelación lingüística que la rodea, el trabajo de Eric Michaud y los de Michaela Passini interrogan la función ejercida por la historia del arte en las construcciones identitarias. Caracterizados por aproximaciones y por recorridos críticos diferentes, me parece que los tres libros tienen en común la intención de remediar la falta de consideración de la tendencia nacionalista de la historia del arte europeo: proponer una lectura cruzada puede representar una contribución a la reflexión sobre el alcance político de las obras artísticas y de sus historias y sobre la influencia que las visiones organicistas, fisiognómicas y clasificatorias del pasado continúan ejerciendo sobre el presente del nuevo milenio

Leadership Effectiveness in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Before-After Studies

To work efficiently in healthcare organizations and optimize resources, team members should agree with their leader's decisions critically. However, nowadays, little evidence is available in the literature. This systematic review and meta-analysis has assessed the effectiveness of leadership interventions in improving healthcare outcomes such as performance and guidelines adherence. Overall, the search strategies retrieved 3,155 records, and 21 of them were included in the meta-analysis. Two databases were used for manuscript research: PubMed and Scopus. On 16th December 2019 the researchers searched for articles published in the English language from 2015 to 2019. Considering the study designs, the pooled leadership effectiveness was 14.0% (95%CI 10.0-18.0%) in before-after studies, whereas the correlation coefficient between leadership interventions and healthcare outcomes was 0.22 (95%CI 0.15-0.28) in the cross-sectional studies. The multi-regression analysis in the cross-sectional studies showed a higher leadership effectiveness in South America (beta = 0.56; 95%CI 0.13, 0.99), in private hospitals (beta = 0.60; 95%CI 0.14, 1.06), and in medical specialty (beta = 0.28; 95%CI 0.02, 0.54). These results encourage the improvement of leadership culture to increase performance and guideline adherence in healthcare settings. To reach this purpose, it would be useful to introduce a leadership curriculum following undergraduate medical courses

Comparison and combination of a hemodynamics/biomarkers-based model with simplified PESI score for prognostic stratification of acute pulmonary embolism: findings from a real world study

Background: Prognostic stratification is of utmost importance for management of acute Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in clinical practice. Many prognostic models have been proposed, but which is the best prognosticator in real life remains unclear. The aim of our study was to compare and combine the predictive values of the hemodynamics/biomarkers based prognostic model proposed by European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in 2008 and simplified PESI score (sPESI).Methods: Data records of 452 patients discharged for acute PE from Internal Medicine wards of Tuscany (Italy) were analysed. The ESC model and sPESI were retrospectively calculated and compared by using Areas under Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curves (AUCs) and finally the combination of the two models was tested in hemodinamically stable patients. All cause and PE-related in-hospital mortality and fatal or major bleedings were the analyzed endpointsResults: All cause in-hospital mortality was 25% (16.6% PE related) in high risk, 8.7% (4.7%) in intermediate risk and 3.8% (1.2%) in low risk patients according to ESC model. All cause in-hospital mortality was 10.95% (5.75% PE related) in patients with sPESI score ≥1 and 0% (0%) in sPESI score 0. Predictive performance of sPESI was not significantly different compared with 2008 ESC model both for all cause (AUC sPESI 0.711, 95% CI: 0.661-0.758 versus ESC 0.619, 95% CI: 0.567-0.670, difference between AUCs 0.0916, p=0.084) and for PE-related mortality (AUC sPESI 0.764, 95% CI: 0.717-0.808 versus ESC 0.650, 95% CI: 0.598-0.700, difference between AUCs 0.114, p=0.11). Fatal or major bleedings occurred in 4.30% of high risk, 1.60% of intermediate risk and 2.50% of low risk patients according to 2008 ESC model, whereas these occurred in 1.80% of high risk and 1.45% of low risk patients according to sPESI, respectively. Predictive performance for fatal or major bleeding between two models was not significantly different (AUC sPESI 0.658, 95% CI: 0.606-0.707 versus ESC 0.512, 95% CI: 0.459-0.565, difference between AUCs 0.145, p=0.34). In hemodynamically stable patients, the combined endpoint in-hospital PE-related mortality and/or fatal or major bleeding (adverse events) occurred in 0% of patients with low risk ESC model and sPESI score 0, whilst it occurred in 5.5% of patients with low-risk ESC model but sPESI ≥1. In intermediate risk patients according to ESC model, adverse events occurred in 3.6% of patients with sPESI score 0 and 6.65% of patients with sPESI score ≥1.Conclusions: In real world, predictive performance of sPESI and the hemodynamic/biomarkers-based ESC model as prognosticator of in-hospital mortality and bleedings is similar. Combination of sPESI 0 with low risk ESC model may identify patients with very low risk of adverse events and candidate for early hospital discharge or home treatment.

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements