Thomas Deswarte, Une Chrétienté romaine sans pape : l’Espagne et Rome (586-1085)

Thomas Deswarte, maître de conférences en histoire médiévale à l’université de Poitiers, est un spécialiste de la péninsule ibérique et de l’histoire des royaumes chrétiens dans le contexte de la lutte contre les musulmans. Il livre avec Une Chrétienté romaine sans pape : l’Espagne et Rome (586-1085), une étude détaillée et approfondie. Le présent ouvrage se propose d’étudier le décalage existant entre une chrétienté romaine et la pratique réelle telle que l’on peut la rencontrer dans les roy..

Confessiones et nationes. Discours identitaires nationaux dans les cultures chrétiennes : Moyen Âge-xxe siècle

Deux journées d’étude sont à l’origine de ce recueil. La première, intitulée « Confessiones et nationes. Traditions confessionnelles dans la formation des discours proto-nationaux et nationaux en Europe : fondements médiévaux, évolutions modernes et effets contemporains », a eu lieu en septembre 2008 à l’université Lomonossov de Moscou (Centre d’études ukrainiennes et biélorusses). La seconde, « Nations et religions », a été organisée le 30 avril 2009 à l’université Paris IV-Sorbonne par l’I...

Thomas Deswarte, Une Chrétienté romaine sans pape : l’Espagne et Rome (586-1085)

Thomas Deswarte, maître de conférences en histoire médiévale à l’université de Poitiers, est un spécialiste de la péninsule ibérique et de l’histoire des royaumes chrétiens dans le contexte de la lutte contre les musulmans. Il livre avec Une Chrétienté romaine sans pape : l’Espagne et Rome (586-1085), une étude détaillée et approfondie. Le présent ouvrage se propose d’étudier le décalage existant entre une chrétienté romaine et la pratique réelle telle que l’on peut la rencontrer dans les roy..

Le Corps et l’Esprit en voyage. Le voyage thérapeutique

Le recueil intitulé Le Corps et l’Esprit en voyage est composé de douze études, d’une introduction de Christine de Buzon et d’une conclusion d’Odile Richard-Pauchet. Certaines ont été proposées lors des journées d’étude organisées à Limoges, en 2011, trois autres ont été rajoutées. Les contributions réunies par les éditrices invitent à sillonner le monde de l’Antiquité à nos jours à la recherche d’une santé, physique ou mentale, perdue, que seul le voyage peut ramener. Dès l’introduction, « ..

Arles du xve au xvie siècle, entre latin, provençal et français : deux siècles d’histoire, trois langues en contact

La cité d’Arles, pour de multiples raisons, prit très tôt l’habitude de conserver par écrit toute une série d’éléments témoins des rapports avec les différents pouvoirs qui l’ont régie. Depuis le xiiie siècle, les comtes d’Anjou se succèdent à la tête de la Provence et Arles se trouve alors aux prises avec le représentant du comte, l’archevêque et les consuls élus par les Arlésiens. Les xve et xvie siècles reflètent dans leur diversité langagière et scripturale cet état de fait. Trois systèmes linguistiques apparaissent alors dans les documents, le latin, le provençal, enfin le français, lorsque la Provence devient française et Arles terre adjacente. L’alternance, plutôt que la diglossie, va marquer, dans un premier temps, ces textes. Le bilinguisme initial latin/provençal est ainsi peu à peu remplacé d’abord par le bilinguisme provençal/français qui laisse ensuite sa place à un monolinguisme français, entaché malgré tout de provençal, le trilinguisme ayant aussi existé. Une langue, même écrite, révèle beaucoup quant à la société qui l’utilise et dépend de nombreux facteurs, externes ou internes. La concurrence entre systèmes linguistiques, est révélatrice des aléas de l’Histoire ainsi que des choix sociétaux.The city of Arles, for many reasons, soon became accustomed to writing evidence of relations with the different powers that governed it. Since the thirteenth century, the Counts of Anjou have succeeded each other at the head of Provence and Arles was then confronted with the representative of the count, the archbishop and the consuls elected by the Arlésiens. The fifteenth and sixteenth centuries reflect this situation in their linguistic and scriptural diversity. Three linguistic systems then appear in the documents, Latin, Provençal, and finally French, when Provence becomes French and Arles adjacent land. Alternation, rather than diglossia, will then mark, at first, these texts. The initial Latin/Provencal bilingualism is thus gradually replaced by Provencal/French bilingualism, which then gives way to a French monolingualism, tainted by Provencal despite all, trilingualism having also existed. A language, even written, reveals a lot about the society that uses it, and depends on many factors, external or internal. Languages competition makes historical vagaries and societal choices visible

Main Recent Contributions to SHS from France

International audienceBoth in situ TRXRD and IR thermography, on the one hand, and different levels of modeling, on the other, have generated a strong progress in the knowledge and control of numerous SHS reactions. The SHS of simple binary materials, such as intermetallics (FeAl, MoSi2, NbAl3, etc.), oxides (e.g. ZrO2), carbides (e.g. SiC) or nitrides, more complex materials, such as mullite, SiAlONs, MAX phases, composites (SiO2-Al2O3, NiAl-ZrO2 ), powders in their more complicated states, such as well controlled microstructures, fully densified intermetallics, smart composites, and hard coatings carried out by GFA researchers greatly contributed to the worldwide competition to harness the potential of SHS. On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of SHS, this paper is giving an overview of the main results obtained by GFA over the last ten years

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks