Rythmes saisonniers de la croissance chez quelques Téléostéens de Guyane française

Des études squeletto-chronologiques de diverses espèces de Guyane française, #Arius couma, #A. proops, et #A. parkeri (#Siluriformes, #Arridae), #Leporinus friderici (#Characiformes, #Anostomidae) et #Myleus rhomboidalis (#Characiformes, #Serrasalmidae), permettent de proposer quelques hypothèses sur les modalités de leur croissance dans le milieu naturel, notamment dans le fleuve Sinnamary. Toutes semblent présenter, chaque année, deux phases de croissance active séparées par des périodes de ralentissement correspondant respectivement aux saisons humides et aux saisons sèches. C'est très probablement la disponibilité en nourriture, abondante en saison des pluies, qui règle les performances de croissance. A partir de l'hypothèse de deux cycles de croissance annuels, des courbes de croissance sont proposées pour chaque espèce. (Résumé d'auteur

Boron doped TiO2 catalysts for photocatalytic ozonation of aqueous mixtures of common pesticides: Diuron, o-phenylphenol, MCPA and terbuthylazine

Photocatalysts were characterized by ICP-EOS, N2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, XPS, and DR-UV-Vis spectroscopy. Four recalcitrant herbicides and pesticides (diuron, o-phenylphenol, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and terbuthylazine) were subjected to degradation by ozonation, photolytic ozonation, photocatalysis and photocatalytic ozonation using the prepared catalysts under simulated solar irradiation in a laboratory scale system. The boron that was not incorporated to the TiO2 interstitial positions was unstable and leached to the solution. The washed B-doped TiO2 catalysts, with 0.5-0.8 wt.% of interstitial boron were more active than bare TiO2 for the removal and mineralization of the target compounds. The combination of ozonation and photocatalysis led to faster mineralization rates and allowed the complete removal of the pesticides below the regulatory standards. The B-doped catalyst was stable and maintained 75% mineralization after 3 consecutive runs

DNA synthesis determines the binding mode of the human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein

[EN] Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) play a key role in genome maintenance, binding and organizing single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) intermediates. Multimeric SSBs, such as the human mitochondrial SSB (HmtSSB), present multiple sites to interact with ssDNA, which has been shown in vitro to enable them to bind a variable number of single-stranded nucleotides depending on the salt and protein concentration. It has long been suggested that different binding modes might be used selectively for different functions. To study this possibility, we used optical tweezers to determine and compare the structure and energetics of long, individual HmtSSB¿DNA complexes assembled on preformed ssDNA and on ssDNA generated gradually during `in situ¿ DNA synthesis. We show that HmtSSB binds to preformed ss-DNA in two major modes, depending on salt and protein concentration. However, when protein binding was coupled to strand-displacement DNA synthesis, only one of the two binding modes was observed under all experimental conditions. Our results reveal a key role for the gradual generation of ssDNA in modulating the binding mode of a multimeric SSB protein and consequently, in generating the appropriate nucleoprotein structure for DNA synthetic reactions required for genome maintenance.We are grateful to Prof. M. Salas laboratory (CBMSO-CSIC) for generously providing the Phi29 DNA polymerase and to Juan P. García Villaluenga (UCM) for useful discussions. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [MAT2015-71806-R to J.R.A-G, FIS2010-17440, FIS2015-67765-R to F.J.C., BFU2012-31825, BFU2015-63714-R to B.I.]; Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport [FPU13/02934 to J.J., FPU13/02826 to E.B-H.]; National Institutes of Health [GM45925 to L.S.K.]; University of Tampere (to G.L.C.); Programa de Financiacion Universidad Complutense de Madrid-Santander Universidades [CT45/15-CT46/15 to F.C.]. Funding for open access charge: Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BFU2015-63714-R].Morin, J.; Cerrón, F.; Jarillo, J.; Beltran-Heredia, E.; Ciesielski, G.; Arias-Gonzalez, JR.; Kaguni, L.... (2017). DNA synthesis determines the binding mode of the human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein. Nucleic Acids Research. 45(12):7237-7248. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkx395S723772484512Shereda, R. D., Kozlov, A. G., Lohman, T. M., Cox, M. M., & Keck, J. L. (2008). 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Microsecond Dynamics of Protein–DNA Interactions: Direct Observation of the Wrapping/Unwrapping Kinetics of Single-stranded DNA around the E.coli SSB Tetramer. Journal of Molecular Biology, 359(1), 55-65. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.02.070Lohman, T. M., & Ferrari, M. E. (1994). Escherichia Coli Single-Stranded DNA-Binding Protein: Multiple DNA-Binding Modes and Cooperativities. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 63(1), 527-570. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.63.070194.002523Maier, D., Farr, C. L., Poeck, B., Alahari, A., Vogel, M., Fischer, S., … Schneuwly, S. (2001). Mitochondrial Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein Is Required for Mitochondrial DNA Replication and Development in Drosophila melanogaster. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 12(4), 821-830. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.4.821Ruhanen, H., Borrie, S., Szabadkai, G., Tyynismaa, H., Jones, A. W. E., Kang, D., … Yasukawa, T. (2010). 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Replication of Mitochondrial DNA in Mouse L Cells and Their Thymidine Kinase- Derivatives: Displacement Replication on a Covalently-Closed Circular Template. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 69(12), 3810-3814. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.12.3810Ciesielski, G. L., Bermek, O., Rosado-Ruiz, F. A., Hovde, S. L., Neitzke, O. J., Griffith, J. D., & Kaguni, L. S. (2015). Mitochondrial Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins Stimulate the Activity of DNA Polymerase γ by Organization of the Template DNA. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 290(48), 28697-28707. doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.673707Lázaro, J. M., Blanco, L., & Salas, M. (1995). [5] Purification of bacteriophage φ29 DNA polymerase. DNA Replication, 42-49. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(95)62007-9Ibarra, B., Chemla, Y. R., Plyasunov, S., Smith, S. B., Lázaro, J. M., Salas, M., & Bustamante, C. (2009). Proofreading dynamics of a processive DNA polymerase. The EMBO Journal, 28(18), 2794-2802. doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.219Morin, J. A., Cao, F. 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Sostenibilidad en la Ingeniería Civil. Una experiencia piloto de formación profesional y aprendizaje cooperativo

A Pilot Experience on Cooperative Learning was developed with vocational training students of Advanced Level in Building Construction and Civil Engineering of the Atenea Secondary School (Ciudad Real). The aim was to improve their professional skills in the field of sustainability and, in particular, wastewater treatment by planning, designing, projecting and building artificial wetlands; this a innovative and distinctive competence that will facilitate their employment in an environment with demand for skilled technicians in water purification systems that are more sustainable in both environmental, energy and economical terms. For this purpose, a transdisciplinary team of university professors was formed, who are specialized on building and civil engineering, environmental technology, ecology, ecological engineering, hydraulics, hydrology, geotechnics, geology, geomorphology, geography, territorial planning, teaching and pedagogy. The methodology used was Project Based Learning (PBL), that has been used for some of the team members since 1999 in the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM). Students were asked to propose, design and project an artificial wetland to treat wastewater from a rural home, museum or restaurant that they had projected earlier to rehabilitate the ruins of a 19th century water-energy-industrial foundry known as Martinete de Los Pozuelos de Calatrava (Ciudad Real). The major milestones of the pilot experience were: i) Pre-assessment of students knowledge, ii) Lectures to provide new theoretical concepts essential to develop foreseen specific, iii) Independent student work supervised by teachers from closed scripts and supply of teaching materials and literature, iv) Classroom and field workshops, v) Continuous assessment of individual work in class (interest, participation, success in the resolution of the issues raised by the teacher), final evaluation in group through oral presentation and written report, and issuing diplomas for further recognition of free credits, vi) Evaluation of the pilot experience was done by surveying students about methodology, content and development of classes, results obtained and other comments that they wished to include, vii) Dissemination by opening an account in the facebook social network, writing a press release for publication in local media, and professional editing a CD with graphic and teaching materials. The most remarkable result of the pilot is that PBL methodology is a revolution for vocational training students, used to deal with tools and practicalities commonly based on closed standards and protocols; instead, cooperative learning requires facing real limitations, such as a relative lack of information, developing the project with this uncertainty, and making decisions on the level of complexity of the solutions to adopt. This has resulted in an overall very positive experience for the students (over 95%), who were especially pleased with the results (100%) and the content and development of educational activities (more than 95%)

Digitizing the txalaparta: computer-based study of a traditional practice

This article describes a software implementation dealing with the ancient Basque musical tradition of the txalaparta. The research is different from earlier studies of the txalaparta in that, by digitizing the instrument and its performance rules, we have had to formalize and make explicit conventions that hitherto have been tacit knowledge of improvisational practice. Analysis through software development is an unusual case of musicological analysis as it demands clarity and precision, and often requires multidisciplinary approaches to understand the studied subject. We have developed software in order to analyze and understand a practice that has received little musicological analysis. By expounding musical patterns and performers' behaviors that have hitherto been difficult to analyze, we reveal the social and cultural aspects of performance practice. The txalaparta is a two-performer instrument and the software produces txalaparta rhythms and plays along with a human player, while learning and adapting to the player's style. The system helps novices to explore the rules of the txalaparta and more-experienced performers to approach the instrument from a new perspective. In this research we have applied a user-centered approach, where feedback from players using the digital txalaparta was collected. This feedback allowed us to approach the reflective vision of txalaparta players and their thoughts on the results of our research

Modeling of Ti-W Solidification Microstructures Under Additive Manufacturing Conditions

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes have many benefits for the fabrication of alloy parts, including the potential for greater microstructural control and targeted properties than traditional metallurgy processes. To accelerate utilization of this process to produce such parts, an effective computational modeling approach to identify the relationships between material and process parameters, microstructure, and part properties is essential. Development of such a model requires accounting for the many factors in play during this process, including laser absorption, material addition and melting, fluid flow, various modes of heat transport, and solidification. In this paper, we start with a more modest goal, to create a multiscale model for a specific AM process, Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS™), which couples a continuum-level description of a simplified beam melting problem (coupling heat absorption, heat transport, and fluid flow) with a Lattice Boltzmann-cellular automata (LB-CA) microscale model of combined fluid flow, solute transport, and solidification. We apply this model to a binary Ti-5.5 wt pct W alloy and compare calculated quantities, such as dendrite arm spacing, with experimental results reported in a companion paper

Limits on the production of scalar leptoquarks from Z (0) decays at LEP

A search has been made for pairs and for single production of scalar leptoquarks of the first and second generations using a data sample of 392000 Z0 decays from the DELPHI detector at LEP 1. No signal was found and limits on the leptoquark mass, production cross section and branching ratio were set. A mass limit at 95% confidence level of 45.5 GeV/c2 was obtained for leptoquark pair production. The search for the production of a single leptoquark probed the mass region above this limit and its results exclude first and second generation leptoquarks D0 with masses below 65 GeV/c2 and 73 GeV/c2 respectively, at 95% confidence level, assuming that the D0lq Yukawa coupling alpha(lambda) is equal to the electromagnetic one. An upper limit is also given on the coupling alpha(lambda) as a function of the leptoquark mass m(D0)

Search for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson in pp collisions at sqrt (s) = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

A search is presented for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying W or Z boson using 3.2 fb−1 of pp collisions at View the MathML sources=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with a hadronic jet compatible with a W or Z boson and with large missing transverse momentum are analysed. The data are consistent with the Standard Model predictions and are interpreted in terms of both an effective field theory and a simplified model containing dark matter