Respuestas morfológicas de plantas de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) bajo crecimiento en tres ambientes diferentes en altitud

El arándano andino (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) es un cultivo frutal promisorio que ha cobrado importancia en el mercado por sus propiedades nutricionales y medicinales; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento y producción. En este estudio se evaluó el crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de arándano andino durante 200 días en tres sitios a diferentes altitudes en el departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipio de San Francisco (1.885 msnm), Bogotá (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2.556 msnm) y Cruz Verde páramo (3.298 msnm). Para la evaluación se utilizaron plantas de 2 años propagadas in vitro. El experimento tuvo un diseño de medidas repetidas, con 3 tratamientos (localidades) y 5 tiempos de toma de datos, con mediciones destructivas al inicio y al final del ensayo. Se tomaron datos de superficie foliar por planta, altura de la planta, anchura del tallo, número de ramas primarias, longitud de las ramas y contenido de clorofila en las hojas. Las plantas más altas, con mayor área foliar y más materia seca, se encontraron en la UNAL (2.556 m s.n.m.). Se observaron variaciones morfológicas y fisiológicas en respuesta a cada uno de los ambientes, con correlaciones entre las variables de crecimiento y las variables ambientales. La mayor distribución porcentual de materia seca en hojas se presentó en las plantas del páramo de Cruz Verde (3.298 m s.n.m.), mientras que la distribución porcentual de peso seco en tallo fue mayor en las plantas de San Francisco (1.885 m s.n.m.). La distribución porcentual del peso seco de la raíz fue mayor en las plantas de San Francisco que en las de otras localidades. Los resultados indicaron que las plantas de arándano andino tuvieron las condiciones más adecuadas para el crecimiento vegetativo en altitudes cercanas a los 2.556 m s.n.m.The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a promising fruit crop that has gained importance in the market because of its nutritional and medicinal properties; however, there are few studies on the optimal conditions for growth and production. In this study, the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry plants was evaluated for 200 days in three sites at different altitudes in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipality of San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.), Bogota (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2,556 m a.s.l.), and Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.). For the evaluation, 2-year-old plants were used that were propagated in vitro. The experiment had a repeated measures design, with 3 treatments (locations) and 5 data collection times, with destructive measurements at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Data for leaf area per plant, plant height, stem width, number of primary branches, branch length, and chlorophyll contents in leaves were taken. The tallest plants, with the largest leaf area and most dry matter, were found at the UNAL (2,556 m a.s.l.). Morphological and physiological variations were observed in response to each of the environments, with correlations between the growth variables and the environmental variables. The highest percentage distribution of dry matter in leaves was in the plants from the Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.), while the percentage distribution of dry weight in the stem was higher in the plants from San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.). The percentage distribution of root dry weight was greater in the plants from San Francisco than those from other locations. The results indicated that the Andean blueberry plants had the most suitable conditions for vegetative growth at altitudes close to 2,556 m a.s.l

Tráfico de cosechadoras : efecto sobre los rendimientos de maíz (Zea Mays L.) y compactación del suelo bajo el sistema de siembra directa

In this work, we quantified the effects of harvest traffic having different tyre ground pressures and axle loads on soil properties and maize (Zea Mays L.) yields. The treatments consisted of a control plot with no traffic (T1), a combine harvester with low tyre ground pressure (T2) and the same harvest traffic with high tyre ground pressure (T3). Cone index (CI), soil water content (SWC), rut depth (RD), root dry matter per plant (RDM) and maize yields (MY) were measured at seven places in relation to the tracks, namely: centre of the tracks (0), and at 70, 140 and 210 cm on either side of them. For three growing seasons, the results showed that in the topsoil (0 to 20 cm), CI values produced by treatment T3 were > 2.7 MPa and between 3.4 to 4.25 MPa in the subsoil (20 to 60 cm). Also, when the soil was trafficked by tyres with infaltion pressures of 120 to 240 kPa, the CI increased in the topsoil and subsoil, but differences in rut depth (RD) at the surface did not extend into the subsoil in terms of CI. The greatest differences in RDM were found in the third growing season. The minimum MY of 4.7 Mg ha-1 was observed in 2016 (third growing season) in the centre line of the tyre tracks after one pass of combine harvester with high tyre ground pressure. Yield increased with distance from the track centres reaching 5.10 Mg ha-1 at 210 cm on either side of them. The main conclusions were that one pass of the combine harvesters with total weight load between 16.67 and 21.10 Mg was sufficient to increase the CI in both the topsoil and subsoil layers while maize yields were significantly reduced by all compaction in the combine harvesters tracks, as well as all positions alongside them.En este trabajo se cuantificaron los efectos del tráfico de cosechadoras con diferentes presiones en el área de contacto rueda/suelo y cargas por eje sobre las propiedades del suelo y los rendimientos del maíz (Zea Mays L.). Los tratamientos consistieron en una parcela testigo sin tráfico (T1), una cosechadora con baja presión en el área de contacto rueda/suelo (T2) y una cosechadora con alta presión en el área de contacto rueda/suelo (T3). Se midieron el índice de cono (IC), el contenido de agua en el suelo (CAS), la profundidad de huella (PFH), la materia seca de raíz por planta (MSR) y los rendimientos de maíz (RM) en siete distancias a un lado y otro de las huellas: (0), 70, 140 y 210 cm. Durante las tres temporadas de cultivo, los resultados mostraron que en la capa superficial del suelo (0 a 20 cm), los valores de IC producidos por el tratamiento T3 fueron > 2,7 MPa y entre 3,4 y 4,25 MPa en el subsuelo (20 a 60 cm). Además, cuando el suelo fue transitado por neumático con presiones de inflado entre 120 y 240 kPa, el IC aumentó en la capa superficial y el subsuelo, sin embargo la PFH en la superficie no se extendió al subsuelo en términos de IC. Las mayores diferencias en MSR se encontraron en la tercera temporada de crecimiento. El mínimo RM fue de 4,7 Mg ha-1 y se observó en 2016 en el centro de la huella de los neumáticos después de un paso de la cosechadora con alta presión en el área de contacto rueda/suelo. El rendimiento aumentó con la distancia desde el centro de la huella alcanzando 5,10 Mg ha-1 a 210 cm en cada lado de la misma. Las principales conclusiones fueron que una pasada del equipo de cosecha con un peso total entre 16,67 y 21,10 Mg fue suficiente para incrementar la IC en las capas de suelo y subsuelo, mientras que los rendimientos de maíz fueron significativamente reducidos por compactación en las vías de recolección, así como todas las posiciones a su lado.Fil: Botta, Guido Fernando. Universidad Nacional de LujánFil: Tolón-Becerra, Alfredo. Universidad de AlmeríaFil: Bienvenido, Fernando. Universidad de AlmeríaFil: Rivero, Ezequiel Ricardo David. Universidad Nacional de La PampaFil: Laureda, Daniel Andrés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Contessotto, Enrique Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de La PampaFil: Fonterosa, Roberto Andrés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería AgrícolaFil: Agnes, Diego Wilfredo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Ingeniería Agrícol

Estudio de la fatiga en láminas de tubería compuesta de matriz epóxica con fibra de vidrio para cargas de tracción

In this work, the characterization of sheets of spoolable composite pipe reinforced with glass fiber with configuration [55,-55]6 is performed. For this purpose, tensile tests under static and dynamic loads are performed, according to ASTM D3039 and D3479 standards. The tests are carried out to obtain the tensile strength and the S-N curve under tensile loads. With the data obtained, a statistical adjustment is made using the Weibull distribution model and its subsequent analysis applying the fatigue models of Basquin and Wöhler, and the mode of failure of this type of material is identified.En este trabajo se realiza la caracterización de láminas de tubería de material compuesto de matriz epóxica reforzada con fibra de vidrio con configuración [55,-55]6. Para esto, se realizan ensayos de tracción bajo cargas estáticas y dinámicas, de acuerdo con las normas ASTM D3039 y D3479. Luego, se llevan a cabo las pruebas para obtener la resistencia a la tracción y la curva S-N bajo cargas de tensión. Con los datos obtenidos se realiza un ajuste estadístico mediante el modelo de distribución Weibull y su posterior análisis aplicando los modelos de fatiga de Basquin y Wöhler, y se identifica el método de falla de este tipo de material

Estudio de la fatiga en láminas de tubería compuesta de matriz epóxica con fibra de vidrio para cargas de tracción

In this work, the characterization of sheets of spoolable composite pipe reinforced with glass fiber with configuration [55,-55]6 is performed. For this purpose, tensile tests under static and dynamic loads are performed, according to ASTM D3039 and D3479 standards. The tests are carried out to obtain the tensile strength and the S-N curve under tensile loads. With the data obtained, a statistical adjustment is made using the Weibull distribution model and its subsequent analysis applying the fatigue models of Basquin and Wöhler, and the mode of failure of this type of material is identified.En este trabajo se realiza la caracterización de láminas de tubería de material compuesto de matriz epóxica reforzada con fibra de vidrio con configuración [55,-55]6. Para esto, se realizan ensayos de tracción bajo cargas estáticas y dinámicas, de acuerdo con las normas ASTM D3039 y D3479. Luego, se llevan a cabo las pruebas para obtener la resistencia a la tracción y la curva S-N bajo cargas de tensión. Con los datos obtenidos se realiza un ajuste estadístico mediante el modelo de distribución Weibull y su posterior análisis aplicando los modelos de fatiga de Basquin y Wöhler, y se identifica el método de falla de este tipo de material

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at √s=13TeV

A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ→ℓνℓ′ℓ′, where ℓ,ℓ′=e,μ. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at √s=13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe