Performance Analysis of a VPV/FC Hybrid System for Generating Electricity in Iraq's Remote Areas

A reliable electrical energy supply is a prerequisite for improving the standard economic and quality of life levels in a country. As is the case in many countries, Iraq is home to a collection of remote villages. Since it is uneconomical to connect these villages to the existing grid, the installation of stand-alone electrical power generators has become common practice. As a result, diesel stand-alone power generators see widespread use in these remote locales, which, whilst fit for their intended purpose, unfortunately suffer from several drawbacks, including instability in regards to everyday oil prices and a number of environmental issues. The implementation of a PV/FC hybrid power system could be one potential alternative to help solve these problems. Therefore, this paper will present PV/FC system control strategies alongside information relating to the performance of such system components, based on a case study that was conducted in Al-Gowair, Iraq. This study is especially important in terms of envisioning the future energy supply needs of Iraq. The HOMER simulation results showed that by using the proposed control strategies and suggested components of a PV/FC system, it was able to produce a satisfactory outcome

The effect of torrefaction on oil palm empty fruit bunch properties using microwave irradiation

No Abstract

Effect of torrefaction on oil palm empty fruit bunch pelletization

This paper focuses on the properties of raw and torrified pellet from EFB by varying different parameters including energy consumption, moisture adsorption, Meyer  hardness test and pellet density. To save storage space and transport costs, it can be compressed into fuel pellets of high physical and energetic density. The pelletizing  properties were determined using single pellet press and pellet stability was determined by compression testing. Pelletization of raw and torrified empty fruit bunch (EFB) from compression single pellet press (SPP) was investigated to quantify the energy consumption and pellet properties including moisture adsorption, pellet density and Meyer hardness. Energy consumption for torrified EFB pellet were significantly higher than those for raw EFB pellet, while the moisture adsorption rate of torrified EFB pellets increased with increasing the severity of torrefaction.Keywords: oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) torrefaction; pelletization

Comparative study for activation of hydorgen peroxide by chemical reagents (Fe2+, Al3+) to reduce chemical oxygen demand in petrochemical wastewater

Environmental pollution by toxic compounds is gaining wider concern in modern developed society. The petroleum refining industry produces a large amount of wastewater due to the amount of water used in refining the processes, particularly for cooling systems and lead to increasing wastewater that will impact the environment. The aim of this research is to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) in petrochemical wastewater by activation of hydrogen peroxide using two different reagents (Fe2+, Al3+). In this research was compared several parameters to COD removals such as the effects of concentration / dosage of H2O2, concentration, and dosages of Al2(SO4)3 and concentration and dosages of FeSO4 on the removal efficiency of COD. In this study is proven the effect of Fenton’s reagent process besides the dosage between hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous ion (Fe2+) in the reagent that Fenton process was highly efficient to decrease COD and total suspended solid (TSS) reduction. However, addition of aluminium with hydrogen peroxide does not have any effect to remove COD. The result found that overall removal was achieved by 70% in term of COD, and 88 % in term of TSS using Fenton’s reagent process

RELEASE OF CLONE BT19 AND BT20 FOR POVERTY REDUCTION IN TEA SECTOR OF BANGLADESH

Bangladesh is a country of 140 million populations where poverty reduction is the prior challenge. With a low level of per capita income, Bangladesh needs to formulate a multi-sectorial strategy for poverty reduction. As Bangladesh is an agricultural based country poverty can be minimized by enhancing agricultural inputs to maximize our production. Tea is an important cash crop in our country. Vast population directly or indirectly depends on our tea industry. The present study was conducted to investigate yield, quality and drought performance of the two newly released variety named BT19 and BT20 by Bangladesh Tea Research Institute. The experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Tea Research Institute experimental farm where four test clones namely Sh/D/11/313, A/8/8, A/17/7, A/22/39 and a well renowned Indian clone TV1 used as a control. The experimental result revealed that amongst the four test clones A/17/7 and A/8/8 are statistically more high yielder and drought tolerant than the control. A/17/7 is more high yielding than A/8/8 but A/8/8 is more drought tolerant. So considering yield, quality and drought potentials, the test clone A/17/7 and A/8/8 have recently released as BT19 and BT20 respectively which can be used as improved planting material in our tea growing areas by small growers and small holders to increase our production, quality as well as job opportunities and national income to eradicate our poverty

On the gauge and BRST invariance of the chiral QED with Faddeevian anomaly

Chiral Schwinger model with the Faddeevian anomaly is considered. It is found that imposing a chiral constraint this model can be expressed in terms of chiral boson. The model when expressed in terms of chiral boson remains anomalous and the Gauss law of which gives anomalous Poisson brackets between itself. In spite of that a systematic BRST quantization is possible. The Wess-Zumino term corresponding to this theory appears automatically during the process of quantization. A gauge invariant reformulation of this model is also constructed. Unlike the former one gauge invariance is done here without any extension of phase space. This gauge invariant version maps onto the vector Schwinger model.The gauge invariant version of the chiral Schwinger model for $a=2$ has a massive field with identical mass however gauge invariant version obtained here does not map on to that.Comment: 11 pages latex, no figures, A little change in Title and abstrac

Study of Inclusive Strange-Baryon Production and Search for Pentaquarks in Two-Photon Collisions at LEP

Measurements of inclusive production of the Lambda, Xi- and Xi*(1530) baryons in two-photon collisions with the L3 detector at LEP are presented. The inclusive differential cross sections for Lambda and Xi- are measured as a function of the baryon transverse momentum, pt, and pseudo-rapidity, eta. The mean number of Lambda, Xi- and Xi*(1530) baryons per hadronic two-photon event is determined in the kinematic range 0.4 GeV < pt< 2.5 GeV, |eta| < 1.2. Overall agreement with the theoretical models and Monte Carlo predictions is observed. A search for inclusive production of the pentaquark theta+(1540) in two-photon collisions through the decay theta+ -> proton K0s is also presented. No evidence for production of this state is found

Search for a W' boson decaying to a bottom quark and a top quark in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

Results are presented from a search for a W' boson using a dataset corresponding to 5.0 inverse femtobarns of integrated luminosity collected during 2011 by the CMS experiment at the LHC in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV. The W' boson is modeled as a heavy W boson, but different scenarios for the couplings to fermions are considered, involving both left-handed and right-handed chiral projections of the fermions, as well as an arbitrary mixture of the two. The search is performed in the decay channel W' to t b, leading to a final state signature with a single lepton (e, mu), missing transverse energy, and jets, at least one of which is tagged as a b-jet. A W' boson that couples to fermions with the same coupling constant as the W, but to the right-handed rather than left-handed chiral projections, is excluded for masses below 1.85 TeV at the 95% confidence level. For the first time using LHC data, constraints on the W' gauge coupling for a set of left- and right-handed coupling combinations have been placed. These results represent a significant improvement over previously published limits.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters B. Replaced with version publishe