49 research outputs found
In Memoriam. Claire Schneider (1975-2016)
ChargĂ©e des fonds sonores et audiovisuels Ă la mĂ©diathĂšque du musĂ©e du quai Branly, Claire Schneider a commencĂ© son parcours dans lâunivers de la musique par la pratique du violoncelle et par des Ă©tudes de musicologie Ă la Sorbonne, avant de suivre le cursus dâethnomusicologie Ă lâuniversitĂ© de Paris Ouest Nanterre-La DĂ©fense. Elle a menĂ© des recherches au Burkina Faso auprĂšs de musiciens et musiciennes lobi, qui lui ont permis de rĂ©diger un excellent mĂ©moire de MaĂźtrise (directrice : Doris B..
Linking subject labels in Cultural Heritage Metadata to MIMO vocabulary using CultuurLink
The Europeana Sounds 1 project aims to increase the amount of cultural audio content in Europeana. It also strongly focuses on enriching the metadata records that are aggregated by Europeana. To provide metadata to Europeana, Data Providers are asked to convert their records from the format and model they use internally to a specific profile of the Europeana Data Model 2 (EDM) for sound resources. These metadata include subjects, which typically use a vocabulary internal to each partner. The problem is that the values in subject fields come too often as simple literals (strings) that are specific to one (or a couple of) language(s) -the one(s) of the Data Provider. For Europeana to take full advantage of subjects from these vocabularies for purposes such as cross-lingual search, it is essential that they are connected with richer, multilingual data. A first solution to this problem is to semantically enrich metadata for individual cultural objects with links to concepts from a (multilingual) vocabulary (say, 'vocM'). Such new object-vocM links can be used to later provide more semantics and labels in multiple languages for search indexes or display functions. A second option is to perform alignment at the level of vocabularies, linking the elements of an original 1 http://www.europeanasounds.eu/
PLoS One
Quantifying the association between lifetime exposures and the risk of developing a chronic disease is a recurrent challenge in epidemiology. Individual exposure trajectories are often heterogeneous and studying their associations with the risk of disease is not straightforward. We propose to use a latent class mixed model (LCMM) to identify profiles (latent classes) of exposure trajectories and estimate their association with the risk of disease. The methodology is applied to study the association between lifetime trajectories of smoking or occupational exposure to asbestos and the risk of lung cancer in males of the ICARE population-based case-control study. Asbestos exposure was assessed using a job exposure matrix. The classes of exposure trajectories were identified using two separate LCMM for smoking and asbestos, and the association between the identified classes and the risk of lung cancer was estimated in a second stage using weighted logistic regression and all subjects. A total of 2026/2610 cases/controls had complete information on both smoking and asbestos exposure, including 1938/1837 cases/controls ever smokers, and 1417/1520 cases/controls ever exposed to asbestos. The LCMM identified four latent classes of smoking trajectories which had different risks of lung cancer, all much stronger than never smokers. The most frequent class had moderate constant intensity over lifetime while the three others had either long-term, distant or recent high intensity. The latter had the strongest risk of lung cancer. We identified five classes of asbestos exposure trajectories which all had higher risk of lung cancer compared to men never occupationally exposed to asbestos, whatever the dose and the timing of exposure. The proposed approach opens new perspectives for the analyses of dose-time-response relationships between protracted exposures and the risk of developing a chronic disease, by providing a complete picture of exposure history in terms of intensity, duration, and timing of exposure
Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.Peer reviewe
Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study
Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28â2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65â3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3â5 versus grades 1â2 (2·35 [1·57â3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01â2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06â2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01â2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research
Mise en place dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel des titres de chansons françaises de transmission orale
PortĂ© par MarlĂšne BELLY (MCF UniversitĂ© de Poitiers) et la MSHS Poitiers (USR 3565), le projet a pour objectif lâĂ©laboration dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel numĂ©rique des titres uniformes des chansons francophones de transmission orale, prenant appui sur les deux grandes classifications existantes : celle de Patrice Coirault (1875-1959) et celle de Conrad Laforte (1921-2008), toutes deux Ă©ditĂ©es en version papier. Couvertures des 3 livrets composant le rĂ©pertoire Coirault (crĂ©dit : MarlĂšne Belly) Ce proj..
Mise en place dâun rĂ©fĂ©rentiel des titres de chansons françaises de transmission orale
Un référentiel pour la description des expressions vocales
Le projet de rĂ©fĂ©rentiel pour la voix vise Ă Ă©tablir un ensemble structurĂ© de termes non exclusifs (câest Ă dire quâils ne sont pas envisagĂ©s comme des catĂ©gories fermĂ©es) nĂ©cessaires Ă la description des expressions et techniques vocales, notamment pour lâindexation et lâinterconnexion des donnĂ©es, sonores et autres, relevant de lâoralitĂ©.
Les « archives sonores » du CNRS et du musĂ©e de lâHomme
DĂ©mĂ©nagĂ© en 2009, le centre de recherche en Ethnomusicologie, rattachĂ© au laboratoire dâEthnologie et de Sociologie comparative basĂ© Ă lâuniversitĂ© de Nanterre, conserve les archives historiques de lâancien dĂ©partement du musĂ©e de lâHomme, fondĂ© par AndrĂ© Schaeffner en 1929. Dix ans aprĂšs le dĂ©mĂ©nagement, lâautrice dresse ici un bilan. Ăvoquant les modalitĂ©s de la constitution dâun fonds dâune grande diversitĂ© qui, autour des enregistrements des ethnomusicologues, tĂ©moigne des activitĂ©s dâune discipline pourvoyeuse dâarchives quâelles soient scientifiques ou administratives. Elle dĂ©crit la composition de cet ensemble historique qui continue de sâenrichir et de sâactualiser, Ă©voque les questions soulevĂ©es suite Ă la sĂ©paration du CNRS et du musĂ©e qui reste en partie propriĂ©taire des archives et celles liĂ©es Ă la conservation des documents au sein dâune universitĂ© dont ce nâest pas directement la vocation. Elle nous informe de lâĂ©tat dâavancement du traitement de ces fonds sonores et documentaires tant rĂ©troactif que courant (inventaire, catalogage, numĂ©risation, mise en ligne) opĂ©rĂ© grĂące Ă de nombreux partenariats.The ââCentre for Research in Ethnomusicologyââ, attached to the Laboratory of Ethnology and Comparative Sociology (University of Paris Nanterre), which moved to the University of Paris Nanterre in 2009, preserves the historical archives of the former department of the Museum of Man (musĂ©e de lâHomme, Paris), founded by AndrĂ© Schaeffner in 1929. Ten years after the relocation, the author reviews the present state of the operations and and discusses the modalities of the constitution of this particularly rich and varied collection of documents, with its recordings reflecting the activities of a discipline based on the constitution of archives, whether scientific or administrative. The author also describes the growth of this historical collection which continues to develop, evokes the questions raised following the separation of the CNRS and the museum which remains part-owner of the archives and the questions linked to their conservation by a university which does not have the same vocation. Finaly, the paper informs us about the progress in processing these historical archives, both retroactively and at the present time (inventory, cataloguing, digitization, on-line publishing) carried out thanks to numerous partnerships
Fonds sonore de Véronique Arnaud : Traditions, littératures orales et pratiques musicales chez les Yami (Taïwan, 1971-2009)
VĂ©ronique Arnaud est anthropologue et ethnolinguiste, chercheure honoraire au CASE (Centre Asie du Sud-Est, UMR 8170) a recueilli prĂšs de 500 heures dâenregistrements sonores (sur bandes magnĂ©tiques et cassettes) lors dâun terrain prolongĂ© chez les Yami (actuels Tao) de Botel Tobago, Lanyu (TaĂŻwan) dĂ©butĂ© en 1971. La collaboration avec les Tao, population austronĂ©sienne apparentĂ©e Ă celles de lâArchipel Batan des Philippines, a pris la forme de nombreux sĂ©jours entre 1971 et 2009, tout en sui..