THE TECHNOLOGY OF EXPERIENCE: NARRATIVE VS MEDIA ANALYSIS OF BASTILLE DAY, NICE, FRANCE 2016

Humans possess the ability to experience life events and their accompanying emotions, to store these experiences in memory, and to create new behaviour in the future. It is often said that we learn best from our mistakes. However, life-threatening events are different. Extreme experiences can produce recurring memories that can lead to a range of stress disorders. In the present day many of our experiences and memories are being expanded and transformed by technology, especially the Internet. The author was a survivor of the lone terrorist attack on Bastille Day, 2016 in Nice, France. Two years later, this paper poses autobiographical narration to recount the experiences surrounding this incident and its aftermath. The author concurrently analyses the central narrative to juxtapose official accounts, media reports and reflection. The paper thus accomplishes two goals: it presents a first-hand experience of a major terrorist attack, and it compares a conscripted secondary version mediated by technology

The Australian School of Lutherie: Origins and Achievements

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The role of social networks in students’ learning experiences

The aim of this research is to investigate the role of social networks in computer science education. The Internet shows great potential for enhancing collaboration between people and the role of social software has become increasingly relevant in recent years. This research focuses on analyzing the role that social networks play in students’ learning experiences. The construction of students’ social networks, the evolution of these networks, and their effects on the students’ learning experience in a university environment are examined

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

TIC na educação: ambientes pessoais de aprendizagem nas perspectivas e práticas de jovens

Resumo Este artigo examina concepções, práticas e perspectivas de um grupo de jovens do ensino médio (EM) sobre como aprendem com as tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC). Apresenta uma discussão fundamentada em empiria, constituída por dezenove desenhos e catorze entrevistas, parte do corpo de dados coletado em uma pesquisa mais ampla que objetivou explorar possibilidades abertas pela integração da ideia de ambientes pessoais de aprendizagem (APA) no EM integrado. Baseia-se em uma análise semiótica social que tomou como ferramental teórico-metodológico a gramática de Gunther Kress e Theo van Leeuwen. A discussão sugere que, nas representações de seus respectivos APA, as quais apontam para os usos que fazem das TIC em suas práticas de aprendizagem, incluindo plataformas de redes sociais, já legitimamente aceitas em seu repertório de recursos de apoio ao trabalho escolar, os jovens não parecem apresentar usos surpreendentes de artefatos digitais. De fato, os desenhos aparentam ser caracterizados pela ausência de ações criativas e formas de engajamento produtivo com seu entorno imediato e com o mundo: os jovens parecem posicionar-se, predominantemente, como receptores, sugerindo que suas apropriações dessas tecnologias na aprendizagem são fortemente mediadas por elementos de uma cultura escolar tradicional e hierarquizada. Ao sugerir um cenário que parece marcado pela reprodução de relações usuais da educação bancária, fundamentada na pedagogia da transmissão, a discussão aponta para limites da utilidade da categoria nativos digitais, desafiando expectativas prometeicas e descontextualizadas do potencial transformador das TIC

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Broadcast voice messaging : a new medium of communication

The advent of online computer technologies has brought with it a variety of popular tools which elude systematic study because of their relative newness or their esoteric nature. Early examples included online chat systems, bulletin board systems, instant messaging and SMS messaging, which were not initially selected as suitable targets of investigation. Another technology, voice broadcasting or messaging, has been used for more than a half a decade, but has not attracted the attention of educators or other professionals. While seemingly just a new application of telephony, voice broadcasting may also be seen as a new medium of communication. Possible uses include announcements, reminders, short quizzes, and emergency alerts in these times of terror. It thus deserves the attention of professionals, who may use the technology for a variety of purposes. This paper examines the new technology and reports the results of a pilot study of voice broadcast messaging conducted in an educational institution

Exploring online collaboration : an ethnographic analysis of chat groups and discussion forums

The use of online discussion forums and real-time chat facilities have become assumed components of most online collaborative systems, but there are real differences between the two modalities. Much research has documented the nature of group tasks and social behavior in ordinary classroom contexts, but few studies have compared collaborative efforts of asynchronous and real-time groups. Using an ethnographic approach, this study analyses the collaborative interaction behaviors of 93 online groups. Results show that real-time chat groups appear to simulate ordinary face to face groups, unlike discussion forums, which tend to avoid usual group stages of orientation, conflict and control. Discussion forums instead send repetitive, opinionated messages, use little feedback, appear less friendly, and are less likely to agree

My Stradivarius is making me sick : a luthier’s ethnography of tradition and injury

Why are musicians some of the most unhealthy of all the performing artists compared to singers, dancers, actors, performance artists, and public speakers? Is it their temperament, their longevity, their inherently weaker bodies, or some other factor? The author’s background is as a luthier and guitar player. Using an ethnographic approach, this paper suggests that it some musicians’ reliance on traditional instruments and old-fashioned practice habits that is causing physical health problems, and that this behaviour is largely due to conservatism, misunderstanding, and myth. It is argued that these attitudes need to be changed so that some musicians can remain healthy in order to function at an optimal level. Several recommendations are suggested