A LACANIAN ETHICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE AI EDUCATION

Within the global agenda of "Sustainable AI and Education," mainstream AI educational systems are predominantly built upon cognitive and behaviorist paradigms. These systems emphasize efficiency, predictability, and immediate feedback, presupposing the learner as a quantifiable and optimizable cognitive subject. However, this technological imagination of a "transparent subject" obscures the fundamental condition of subjective existence revealed by psychoanalysis as early as the beginning of the 20th century—namely, split subjectivity, the insatiability of desire, and the continuous illusion of unconscious processes from structures of meaning. Adopting a Lacanian critical perspective, this paper argues that current AI educational systems, in their attempt to algorithmically satisfy learners' "demands," systematically repress "desire," which constitutes the core dynamism of subjectivity. Lacan emphasizes that the essence of human desire is an eternal pursuit of "lack," rather than a "need" waiting to be fulfilled. When existing AI educational systems operate on learners merely through a cyclical "satisfaction-feedback" pathway, they effectively induce a narcissistic loop akin to the "Imaginary order." This process deprives learners of the opportunity to confront the traumas, unknowns, or gaps of meaning associated with the "Real," thereby obstructing the potential for "symptoms" manifest in the learning process—such as frustration, dissonance, and confusion—to be transformed into creative forces. Based on this analysis, this paper introduces the Lacanian concept of "desire" as a critical entry point for examining the numerous ethical controversies in sustainable AI education. It proposes an ethics of desire for educational practice, positing that AI should not be viewed merely as a technical tool for addressing learners' demands. Instead, it should precisely function as an "Otherness" ethical medium that reveals the structural lack within the subject and guides learners into a dialogue with their own desire. Thus, as an "irreducible heterogeneity" for the learner—that is, an ethical other in the Lacanian sense—AI education can persistently evoke the learner's awareness of the fundamental (lack) inherent in knowledge and the self. This transforms education from an object of technical optimization into a sustainable ethical practice of desire. Within this practice, AI ceases to be a technological tool for narcissistic collusion with the learner and becomes an ethical partner that facilitates the learning subject's continuous transcendence of established cognitive boundaries towards unknown possibilities through the endless dialectic of desire

A LACANIAN ETHICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE AI EDUCATION: Received: 08th December 2025, Revised: 15th December 2025, 16th December 2025, Accepted: 18th December 2025, Date of Publication: 01st January 2026

Within the global agenda of "Sustainable AI and Education," mainstream AI educational systems are predominantly built upon cognitive and behaviorist paradigms. These systems emphasize efficiency, predictability, and immediate feedback, presupposing the learner as a quantifiable and optimizable cognitive subject. However, this technological imagination of a "transparent subject" obscures the fundamental condition of subjective existence revealed by psychoanalysis as early as the beginning of the 20th century—namely, split subjectivity, the insatiability of desire, and the continuous illusion of unconscious processes from structures of meaning. Adopting a Lacanian critical perspective, this paper argues that current AI educational systems, in their attempt to algorithmically satisfy learners' "demands," systematically repress "desire," which constitutes the core dynamism of subjectivity. Lacan emphasizes that the essence of human desire is an eternal pursuit of "lack," rather than a "need" waiting to be fulfilled. When existing AI educational systems operate on learners merely through a cyclical "satisfaction-feedback" pathway, they effectively induce a narcissistic loop akin to the "Imaginary order." This process deprives learners of the opportunity to confront the traumas, unknowns, or gaps of meaning associated with the "Real," thereby obstructing the potential for "symptoms" manifest in the learning process—such as frustration, dissonance, and confusion—to be transformed into creative forces. Based on this analysis, this paper introduces the Lacanian concept of "desire" as a critical entry point for examining the numerous ethical controversies in sustainable AI education. It proposes an ethics of desire for educational practice, positing that AI should not be viewed merely as a technical tool for addressing learners' demands. Instead, it should precisely function as an "Otherness" ethical medium that reveals the structural lack within the subject and guides learners into a dialogue with their own desire. Thus, as an "irreducible heterogeneity" for the learner—that is, an ethical other in the Lacanian sense—AI education can persistently evoke the learner's awareness of the fundamental (lack) inherent in knowledge and the self. This transforms education from an object of technical optimization into a sustainable ethical practice of desire. Within this practice, AI ceases to be a technological tool for narcissistic collusion with the learner and becomes an ethical partner that facilitates the learning subject's continuous transcendence of established cognitive boundaries towards unknown possibilities through the endless dialectic of desire

THE EFFECT OF TOURIST PARENTS’ COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE TRUST IN KIDS CLUB EMPLOYEES ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND INTENTION TO RECOMMEND

This project is about the trust relationship between parents traveling within the scope of family tourism and employees working in kids clubs of hotels. As it is known, tourists traveling within the scope of family tourism leave their children in kids clubs located in child-friendly hotels for both fun and learning during their stay. For this reason, issues such as the sufficient number of personnel employed in kids clubs, their job qualifications and the ability of these personnel to communicate effectively with children are gaining importance. One of the most important characteristics that the personnel working in kids clubs should have is reliability. Among the previous studies in the literature, no research examining the trust relationship between kids club employees and tourists (parents) has been found. Based on this determination, the trust that tourist parents have in kids club personnel is examined in the context of Interpersonal Relationship Theory in this study. In addition, the effect of cognitive and affective trust in kids club employees on customer satisfaction and intention to recommend is investigated in the study. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of cognitive and affective trust that parents have in employees working in kids clubs of hotels on customer satisfaction and intention to recommend. In this way, it will be possible to determine the level of cognitive and affective trust in kids club employees and whether this trust affects customer satisfaction and intention to recommend through the eyes of parents. In order to achieve this aim, parents who have received service from kids clubs during their hotel stays in Turkey in the last five years will be contacted by face to face and/or online questionnaires and data will be collected from them. The data will be tested using a quantitative research design and appropriate analyses, and the hypotheses created will be tested. The findings reached in the study will be presented to the attention of practitioners in order to improve the service provided by employees in kids clubs and will contribute to businesses in terms of making a difference with the services of kids clubs. The most important contribution of the study to the field is to identify the points where kids club employees of hotels fall short in providing services and to develop in-service trainings in this direction, and to create awareness in a broader context for the determination of guiding principles including parameters such as “accommodation, food and beverage, health and safety-employees” for child-friendly hotels in Turkey

A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE NEWSPAPER ADVICE COLUMN

This study investigated the feminist voice revealed in the advice-transaction column Women’s World, Sunday issues of SunStar Daily newspaper. Specifically, as implied by the verbal transaction, it focuses on these feminist aspects: societal roles of women as advice-seekers and as advice-givers. Also, this research illustrated the socio-psychological thematic issues involved in this advice column. The data of this study are the advice columns in the Women’s World published in SunStar Daily every Sunday of the week where twenty-two issues were examined. The results showed that women face particular and complicated obstacles in life and play a variety of roles in society. Their varied experiences have revealed insightful facts, such as the fact that women worry about things like their weight and appearance, matriarchal obligations, relationships, and career goals, among other things. These problems provide as an example of the intricate and varied difficulties that women encounter in daily life. The study found that women who seek guidance have a number of socio-psychological issues that represent the worries and difficulties they face in their daily lives, including psychological issues, relationship infidelity, family troubles, commitment uncertainty, and professional obstacles. The study also emphasizes the significant contribution that women have as advice-givers in newspaper advice columns. Women offer guidance on a range of subjects, such as family problems, romantic relationships, and raising kids. This conclusion emphasizes the importance of women's support and guidance of others and the necessity for support systems that empower women to have fulfilled lives

THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETAL MARKETING IN SERVICE BUSINESSES: ORIGINS, TRANSFORMATIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES (1970-2023)

The aim of this article is to retrace the paradigm changes in the evolution of marketing theory through four periods that led to the emergence of societal marketing, as well as the causes behind these changes. Our work is based on an in-depth literature review and theoretical analysis founded on the work of P. Kotler and G. Zaltman (1971), which contributed to the reconceptualization of the concept of societal marketing. We then examine the factors that have favored the successful implementation of societal marketing in service companies, such as closer relationships with customers, win-win strategies for all, and a focus on relational trust. This analysis is inspired by the work of Grönroos (2007) on interactive service models, where transparent communication and customer experience reinforce consumer loyalty and commitment. Finally, we focus on future prospects that could completely revolutionize societal marketing and enable its consensual, gradual and widespread acceptance within service companies, which is not yet the case today. Despite notable advances, only a small minority of companies are implementing the principles of societal marketing. However, changing consumer behavior, the rise of artificial intelligence, increased competition and a growing number of brands for a limited demand, as well as existing regulations, have obliged many companies to prioritize customer loyalty strategies. These factors will increase the pressure on companies to meet societal marketing standards

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE OF INTERNAL AUDITING AND THE GLOBAL INTERNAL AUDIT STANDARDS (GIAS)

In January 2024, the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) issued the Global Internal Audit Standards (the Standards) with implementation required by January 9, 2025. These standards represent a significant update from the 2017 version (the International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing ), introducing several key changes to enhance the internal audit profession (IIA, 2025). This paper focuses on explaining the critical updates on the new global internal audit standards (GIAS).These standards are related to many areas such as, standards structure, internal audit functions, emerging risks, strategic objectives, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity

CO-BUILDING: THE EXCHANGE NETWORK OF BRICKS AND RELATED BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AROUND DUTCH FORMOSA (1624-1662)

The formation of buildings is not only based on design theories but also relies heavily on the extensive construction networks behind them, which is especially true and often more complex under the colonial system of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in Asia. This study focuses on the sources and transportation of brick materials, as well as the dissemination of brickmaking and bricklaying techniques, during the construction of key fortifications in Dutch Formosa. By analyzing brick quantity records in VOC’s Taiwan-related documents, such as the De Dagregisters van het Kasteel Zeelandia (Diary of Castle Zeelandia), the research reconstructs the timeline of brick imports from the southeast China coastal area to Tayouan (now Anping, Tainan). It also infers the local brick production capacity in Saccam (now downtown Tainan) based on the scale of Fort and City Zeelandia. In addition, historical records reveal that bricks were exported from Tayouan to other settlements in Taiwan, as well as to Hirado, Japan. As VOC power and territorial control expanded in Taiwan, brickmaking techniques spread to places like Wankan and Tamsui, primarily under the control of Chinese immigrants who managed brick burning and masonry work. Meanwhile, fortifications construction during this period featured the use of Dutch cross-bond masonry, a technique still visible in the remains of Castle Zeelandia. This study situates these developments within the framework of “co-colonization,” highlighting the interconnected exchange networks that went beyond mere commodity trade and uncovering a fusion of building traditions between colonizers and the colonized

ANTHROPOCENTRIC OR BIOCENTRIC? SOCIO-CULTURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND POLITICAL DRIVERS OF URBAN WILDLIFE SIGNAGE PREFERENCES AND SUSTAINABLE COEXISTENCE

What determines whether the public favors anthropocentric or biocentric signage in urban contexts? As cities face the intensifying challenges of human–wildlife encounters in the Anthropocene, the need for policy responses grows urgent. This research positions signage preferences within the fields of public administration, local politics, environmental governance, and urban management, conceptualizing signage as a policy instrument that reflects broader socio-environmental and political dynamics. Unlike earlier studies that approach signage mainly as a behavioral nudge, we examine the socio-cultural, environmental, and political dimensions that influence attitudes along the anthropocentric–biocentric spectrum. While anthropocentric signage highlights human safety and casts wildlife as hazardous or problematic, biocentric signage underscores coexistence, ecological interdependence, and shared constraints. Using data from a large-scale public opinion survey, we analyze the case of wild boars and the related urban-environmental tensions in Mount Carmel and the municipality of Nesher. The findings reveal that socio-cultural vulnerability, perceptions of harm, support for policy, and political ideology all play a decisive role in shaping signage preferences. By doing so, the study contributes to scholarship on environmental governance, urban management, urban semiotics, and policy design, showing how signage functions as a contested political and ecological symbol. We conclude with a discussion of the implications for municipal governance, morality policies, and the aesthetics of urban signage

FACTORS EFFECTING OF HOTEL’S REVISIT INTENTION AMONG TOURISTS IN THAILAND

The objective of this article is to present knowledge derived from a literature review on causal factors of hotel’s revisit intention among tourists. The article to explain the meaning, background, components, and relationships of variable related to hotel’s revisit intention among tourists. Methodology by documentary research from 250 articles, with the source of the articles from various databases and analyzed data by content analysis. Based on the literature review found that the variables commonly used to study hotel’s revisit intention among tourists include customer experience, service quality, brand image, and customer satisfaction.The objective of this article is to present knowledge derived from a literature review on causal factors of hotel’s revisit intention among tourists. The article to explain the meaning, background, components, and relationships of variable related to hotel’s revisit intention among tourists. Methodology by documentary research from 250 articles, with the source of the articles from various databases and analyzed data by content analysis. Based on the literature review found that the variables commonly used to study hotel’s revisit intention among tourists include customer experience, service quality, brand image, and customer satisfaction

STRATEGIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE

This article presents a comparative analysis of strategies for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into public administration. It examines the approaches of various countries to the digital transformation of the public sector through AI technologies, focusing on regulatory frameworks, organizational implementation, and institutional readiness. Particular attention is given to how countries such as the United States, China, Estonia, and the UAE incorporate AI into administrative processes, public service delivery, and decision-making within government institutions. The analysis reveals significant differences in national priorities: from ensuring technological sovereignty and security to developing citizen-oriented services and smart urban infrastructure. Despite these differences, a common objective is evident — to enhance the efficiency, transparency, and adaptability of public administration in a rapidly evolving digital environment. The findings may serve as a valuable resource for developing national AI strategies in the public sector based on international best practices