Effect of Quality Carbohydrates on the Prevention and Therapy of Noncommunicable Diseases: Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Glycemic index (GI) is defined as “how certain meals raise blood glucose after eating, expressed as a percentage of the area under the glucose response curve when the same amount of carbohydrate was consumed as glucose or bread.” Glycemic load (GL) corrects GI according to the quantity of carbohydrates ingested. Both have been related to a higher risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes (DM2). High GI meals have been altered to create structurally similar meals with low GI levels. Observational studies and clinical trials have been developed using subjects with DM2 and subjects with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. It was possible to lower the GI of meals, keeping the sensory properties of the original high GI preparation. Observational studies conducted on DM2 under treatment with metformin have shown associations between GI, GL and glycated hemoglobin. However, the same has not been proven with DM2 individuals under basal insulin therapy. Another observational study in subjects with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery showed that GI affects weight loss after surgery. Regarding experimental studies, a better glucose response has been seen following low GI breakfast intake in DM2 subjects undergoing intensive insulin therapy (IIT)

Medidas de conservación ex situ: Un enfoque metapoblacional a partir del modelo clásico de Levins

Given a metapopulation, which as such, is distributed in fragments or patches, we can think that this is at risk of extinction if the number of occupied patches is decreasing. In this sense, a measure of conservation to consider could be the incorporation of individuals to unoccupied patches. This process is known as ex situ conservation. In the present work we will suppose a metapopulation that is becoming extinct, whose dynamics will be modeled mathematically through the model proposed by Richard Levins in his work “Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control”. The effect of an ex situ conservation measure, consisting of the artificial colonization of unoccupied patches, will be incorporated into the model, with the purpose of preventing the total population from becoming extinct. The incorporation of this conservation measure will be expressed through a system of impulsive differential equations, from which a series of simulations will be generated, in order to understand the long-term dynamics and determine what factors influence the success of the measure of conservation.Dada una metapoblación, que como tal, se encuentra distribuida en fragmentos o parches, podemos pensar que esta está en riesgo de extinción si la cantidad de parches ocupados está disminuyendo. En este sentido, una medida de conservación a considerar podría ser la incorporación de individuos a parches desocupados. Este proceso es conocido como conservación ex situ. En el presente trabajo supondremos una metapoblación extinguiéndose, cuya dinámica será modelada matemáticamente a través del modelo planteado por Richard Levins en su trabajo “Some demographic and genetic consequences of environmental heterogeneity for biological control”. Se incorporará al modelo el efecto de una medida de conservación ex situ, consistente en la colonización artificial de parches desocupados, con el propósito de evitar que la población total se extinga. La incorporación de esta medida de conservación será expresada a través de un sistema de ecuaciones diferenciales impulsivo, a partir del cual se generarán una serie de simulaciones, en orden a entender la dinámica a largo plazo y determinar qué factores influyen en el éxito de la medida de conservación

Propuesta de un sistema de evaluacion corporativo para seleccionar la mejor alternativa tecnica-economica de equipos Lhd en Codelco Chile

154 p.Los problemas complejos de la toma de decisiones son comunes en una infinidad de áreas, tanto públicas como privadas, y desde tiempos muy remotos el hombre intenta resolver estos inconvenientes apoyándose en abstracciones, heurísticas y raciocinios deductivos, para guiar y validar sus elecciones. Para resolver problemas complejos, hasta la primera mitad del siglo 20, se utilizaba básicamente la esperanza matemática para la toma de decisiones en condiciones aleatorias. Luego, en la década del 70 comenzaron a surgir los primeros métodos de apoyo multicriterio a la decisión, para enfrentar situaciones específicas en las que un decidor, actuando con racionalidad, debía resolver un problema en el cual eran varios los objetivos que se pretendían alcanzar en forma simultánea. No exentos de este escenario, la Unidad Abastecimiento Proyectos Salvador- Andina-El Teniente (Unidad Abastecimientos), perteneciente al Departamento Corporativo Abastecimiento de Proyectos (DCAP), el cual tiene como función principal implementar la estrategia asociada a cada licitación y gestionar la compra de bienes y contratación de servicios de inversión, carece de una propuesta de un sistema de evaluación corporativo para seleccionar la mejor alternativa de equipos LHD (Loading – Hauling - Dumping). El sistema propuesto comienza con un diagnóstico de la situación actual, el cual da como resultado las fortalezas y debilidades de éste. A continuación, y basándose tanto en el perfil actual como en los requerimientos del usuario y de la Unidad Abastecimiento se determina el sistema a implementar, el cual consiste básicamente en cuatro grandes etapas: • Estrategia general de licitación. • Evaluar técnicamente a través de la Teoría de Utilidad Multiatributo (Multiattribute Utility Theory - MAUT). • Evaluar económicamente y determinar el horizonte de evaluación a través del Costo Anual Equivalente (CAE). • Elección final del proveedor adjudicado, a través de la frontera eficiente. Todos los puntos anteriormente nombrados forman un sistema de retroalimentación constante que tiene como finalidad que el proceso de licitación se perfeccione continuamente, incorporando una base de datos donde se guardará la información

Early Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-Up of Cystic Echinococcosis in Remote Rural Areas in Patagonia: Impact of Ultrasound Training of Non-Specialists

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important and widespread disease that affects sheep, cattle, and humans living in areas where sheep and cattle are raised. CE is highly endemic in rural sections of Rio Negro, Argentina, where our group is based. However, it requires continuous monitoring of both populations with human disease best assessed by means of ultrasound (US) screening. This is challenging in remote rural areas due to the shortage of imaging specialists. To overcome this hurdle, we set up a two-day training program of Focused Assessment with Sonography for Echinococcosis (FASE) on CE for family medicine practitioners with no previous experience in US. After the course, they were equipped with portable US scanners and dispatched to remote rural areas in Rio Negro where they screened patients, located and staged the cysts and decided on the treatment with the help of surgeons and radiologists in local tertiary care centers

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Educación ambiental y sociedad. Saberes locales para el desarrollo y la sustentabilidad

EL LIBRO PERMITE REFLEXIONAR SOBRE LA IMPORTANCIA DE FOMENTAL LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA RESOLVER LA PROBLEMÁTICA AMBIENTALEL LIBRO PRESENTA DIFERENTES TRABAJOS QUE ESTUDIAN EL TEMA D ELA SUSTENTABILIDAD, ENFATIZANDO LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y LA TRANSDISCIPLINANINGUN