25 research outputs found
L’intervento terapeutico in ambito penitenziario: limiti e opportunità con detenuti sex offender
Il lavoro qui presentato nasce all'interno di progetti atti a promuovere e istituire percorsi di intervento terapeutico per i detenuti condannati per reati sessuali (ex art. 609 bis c.p. e segg.) per il fine ultimo di riduzione del rischio di recidiva. Nel lavoro sono discussi alcuni dei principali elementi da considerare nella implementazione di piani terapeutici grazie a modelli cognitivo-comportamentali attraverso la realizzazione di interventi trattamentali in ambito carcerario, alla luce anche di un'esperienza sul territorio campano presso la casa circondariale di Santa Maria Capua Vetere, sezione 'protetti'
Donne uccise e donne maltrattate. Stesso passato ma anche stesso destino?
“Femicide” is an overspread phenomenon: in Italy every three days a woman is killed by her partner or ex partner. Trying to understand what underlies such crimes is so of great interest for criminologists. Femicide is very often preceded by domestic violence. In this study we considered a sample of women killed by their partner or ex partner and a sample of women ‘only’ abused and we compared the specific risk factors of femicide and of abuse. The results show that the most common risk factor is the presence of physical violence and threats, which are more severe in femicide. We discussed the possibility of preventive measures and action strategies (to be carried out by the police too) against the so-called “family disputes”.L’uccisione delle donne da parte di partner o ex partner (il c.d. femminicidio) assume dimensioni spropositate. In Italia, una donna viene uccisa ogni tre giorni, ed è interesse sempre maggiore da parte dei criminologi e degli studiosi del comportamento umano comprendere cosa sottende questi reati e come poterli prevenire. La letteratura scientifica e le indagini investigative e gli esiti giudiziari hanno messo in relazione il maltrattamento all’interno della coppia e il successivo omicidio. Con il presente studio condotto con un campione di donne uccise e donne ‘solo’ maltrattate si è voluto confrontare i così detti fattori di rischio del maltrattamento con i fattori di rischio del femminicidio. I risultati hanno dimostrato che le caratteristiche delle vittime, dell’autore sono simili, ma nei casi in cui c’è stato l’omicidio, esiste una quantità maggiore di violenza fisica, di minacce e di escalation della violenza. La prevenzione anche dell’attività da parte delle forze dell’ordine è nella direzione di mettere a punto strategie di intervento più mirate ed efficaci per contrastare le così dette ‘liti in famiglia’
The nature of red dwarf galaxies
Using dark matter halos traced by galaxy groups selected from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey Data Release 4, we find that about 1/4 of the faint galaxies
(\rmag >-17.05, hereafter dwarfs) that are the central galaxies in their own
halo are not blue and star forming, as expected in standard models of galaxy
formation, but are red. In contrast, this fraction is about 1/2 for dwarf
satellite galaxies. Many red dwarf galaxies are physically associated with more
massive halos. In total, about % of red dwarf galaxies reside in
massive halos as satellites, while another % have a spatial
distribution that is much more concentrated towards their nearest massive
haloes than other dwarf galaxies. We use mock catalogs to show that the reddest
population of non-satellite dwarf galaxies are distributed within about 3 times
the virial radii of their nearest massive halos. We suggest that this
population of dwarf galaxies are hosted by low-mass halos that have passed
through their massive neighbors, and that the same environmental effects that
cause satellite galaxies to become red are also responsible for the red colors
of this population of galaxies. We do not find any significant radial
dependence of the population of dwarf galaxies with the highest concentrations,
suggesting that the mechanisms operating on these galaxies affect color more
than structure. However, over 30% of dwarf galaxies are red and isolated and
their origin remains unknown.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Ap
Galaxy Assembly Bias on the Red Sequence
Using samples drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we study the
relationship between local galaxy density and the properties of galaxies on the
red sequence. After removing the mean dependence of average overdensity (or
"environment") on color and luminosity, we find that there remains a strong
residual trend between luminosity-weighted mean stellar age and environment,
such that galaxies with older stellar populations favor regions of higher
overdensity relative to galaxies of like color and luminosity (and hence of
like stellar mass). Even when excluding galaxies with recent star-formation
activity (i.e., younger mean stellar ages) from the sample, we still find a
highly significant correlation between stellar age and environment at fixed
stellar mass. This residual age-density relation provides direct evidence for
an assembly bias on the red sequence such that galaxies in higher-density
regions formed earlier than galaxies of similar mass in lower-density
environments. We discuss these results in the context of the age-metallicity
degeneracy and in comparison to previous studies at low and intermediate
redshift. Finally, we consider the potential role of assembly bias in
explaining recent results regarding the evolution of post-starburst (or
post-quenching) galaxies and the environmental dependence of the type Ia
supernova rate.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA
The Mice at play in the CALIFA survey: A case study of a gas-rich major merger between first passage and coalescence
We present optical integral field spectroscopy (IFS) observations of the
Mice, a major merger between two massive (>10^11Msol) gas-rich spirals NGC4676A
and B, observed between first passage and final coalescence. The spectra
provide stellar and gas kinematics, ionised gas properties and stellar
population diagnostics, over the full optical extent of both galaxies. The Mice
provide a perfect case study highlighting the importance of IFS data for
improving our understanding of local galaxies. The impact of first passage on
the kinematics of the stars and gas has been significant, with strong bars
likely induced in both galaxies. The barred spiral NGC4676B exhibits a strong
twist in both its stellar and ionised gas disk. On the other hand, the impact
of the merger on the stellar populations has been minimal thus far: star
formation induced by the recent close passage has not contributed significantly
to the global star formation rate or stellar mass of the galaxies. Both
galaxies show bicones of high ionisation gas extending along their minor axes.
In NGC4676A the high gas velocity dispersion and Seyfert-like line ratios at
large scaleheight indicate a powerful outflow. Fast shocks extend to ~6.6kpc
above the disk plane. The measured ram pressure and mass outflow rate
(~8-20Msol/yr) are similar to superwinds from local ULIRGs, although NGC4676A
has only a moderate infrared luminosity of 3x10^10Lsol. Energy beyond that
provided by the mechanical energy of the starburst appears to be required to
drive the outflow. We compare the observations to mock kinematic and stellar
population maps from a merger simulation. The models show little enhancement in
star formation during and following first passage, in agreement with the
observations. We highlight areas where IFS data could help further constrain
the models.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figures, accepted to A&A. A version with a complete set
of high resolution figures is available here:
http://www-star.st-and.ac.uk/~vw8/resources/mice_v8_astroph.pd
The Correlation of Star Formation Quenching with Internal Galaxy Properties and Environment
We investigate the correlation of star formation quenching with internal
galaxy properties and large scale environment (halo mass) in empirical data and
theoretical models. We make use of the halo-based Group Catalog of Yang and
collaborators, which is based on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Data from the
Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) are also used to extract the recent star
formation rate. In order to investigate the environmental effects, we examine
the properties of "central" and "satellite" galaxies separately. For central
galaxies, we are unable to conclude whether star formation quenching is
primarily connected with halo mass or stellar mass, because these two
quantities are themselves strongly correlated. For satellite galaxies, a nearly
equally strong dependence on halo mass and stellar mass is seen. We make the
same comparison for five different semi-analytic models based on three
independently developed codes. We find that the models with AGN feedback
reproduce reasonably well the dependence of the fraction of central red and
passive galaxies on halo mass and stellar mass. However, for satellite
galaxies, the same models badly overproduce the fraction of red/passive
galaxies and do not reproduce the empirical trends with stellar mass or halo
mass. This {\em satellite overquenching problem} is caused by the too-rapid
stripping of the satellites' hot gas halos, which leads to rapid strangulation
of star formation.Comment: 18 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRA
Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study
Introduction:
The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures.
Methods:
In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025.
Findings:
Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2–6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5–5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4–10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32–4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23–11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation.
Interpretation:
After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification
Cyberbullying in youth: A pattern of disruptive behaviour
AbstractDespite the growing diffusion of cyberbullying among students and the numerous studies in the literature, to date relatively little is known about its relationship with school bullying. This article seeks to understand if there is an overlap between the roles of bullies and victims in traditional and electronic bullying. In order to investigate this, 5,058 Italian middle and high school students were surveyed about their experiences of cyberbullying and cybervictimisation, looking also at their involvement in school bullying. The results highlighted a significant overlap between school bullying and cyberbullying, with 12.1% of all students who bullied others at least sometimes being also cyberbullies. Similarly, there was a significant overlap between school victimisation and cybervictimisation, with 7.4% of all students who were victimised at school at least sometimes being also cybervictimised. Our findings confirm the existence of an overlap between school bullying and cyberbullying. We discuss useful intervention programs to reduce or prevent cyberbullying