Corpos, emoções e risco: vias de compreensão dos modos de ação individual e coletivo

Neste número da revista Sociologias, ao lado de “corpos e emoções”, soma-se a ideia de “risco” a fim de incorporar à reflexão sociológica o grau de incerteza no qual se desenrolam as relações sociais cotidianas. O corpo, do ponto de vista sociológico, é compreendido como signo das relações sociais, encerrando um conjunto de representações da vida individual e coletiva, compondo uma gramática que se tornou objeto particular de uma sociologia especializada constituída contemporaneamente e que já consolidou diferentes frentes de pesquisa. As emoções, por sua vez, não estão separadas do seu suporte, seu veículo expressivo, o corpo. Estas, em sociologia ou antropologia, frutos da observação e análise das relações sociais, também não podem ser tratadas como substância, entidade que antecipa ou contradiz as ações humanas, mas sim como uma dimensão da vida afetiva que se modifica constantemente por conta da infinidade de possibilidades de interação humana. Nos interstícios do corpos e das emoções, a noção de risco nos revela as incertezas da existência individual que sempre oscila entre a vulnerabilidade e a segurança, o impulso e a sensatez. A fim de desnaturalizar e relativizar tais noções, apresentam-se artigos derivados de diferentes abordagens teóricas e metodológicas empreendidas por pesquisadores do Brasil, Argentina, México e França. Bodies, emotions and risk: pathway for understanding individual and collective modes of actionAbstractIn this issue of Sociologias, we bring discussions around “bodies and emotions”, adding the idea of “risk”, in order to incorporate into the sociological reflection the degree of uncertainty that daily social relations entail currently. The body, from the sociological point of view, is understood as a sign of social relations, encompassing a set of representations of both individual and collective life, which composes a grammar that constituted a particular subject of a specialized field of contemporary sociology that has consolidated different research strands. Emotions, in turn, are not separate from their support, their expressive vehicle, the body. These, in sociology or anthropology, while the fruit of observation and analysis of social relations, cannot be treated either as substance, entity that anticipates or contradicts human actions, but as a dimension of affective life that is constantly changing due to the infinite possibilities of human interaction. In the interstices of bodies and emotions, the notion of risk reveals to us the uncertainties of individual existence that always oscillate between vulnerability and security, impetus and judgment. In order to denaturalize and relativize such notions, this dossier presents articles that stem from different theoretical and methodological approaches undertaken by researchers from Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and France.Keywords: body sociology, sociology of emotions, risk behavior, aesthetics and identity, legal status of the body

Flavivirus NS3 and NS5 proteins interaction network: a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screen

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The genus <it>Flavivirus </it>encompasses more than 50 distinct species of arthropod-borne viruses, including several major human pathogens, such as West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and the four serotypes of dengue viruses (DENV type 1-4). Each year, flaviviruses cause more than 100 million infections worldwide, some of which lead to life-threatening conditions such as encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever. Among the viral proteins, NS3 and NS5 proteins constitute the major enzymatic components of the viral replication complex and are essential to the flavivirus life cycle.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We report here the results of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screen to identify the interactions between human host proteins and the flavivirus NS3 and NS5 proteins. Using our screen results and literature curation, we performed a global analysis of the NS3 and NS5 cellular targets based on functional annotation with the Gene Ontology features. We finally created the first flavivirus NS3 and NS5 proteins interaction network and analysed the topological features of this network. Our proteome mapping screen identified 108 human proteins interacting with NS3 or NS5 proteins or both. The global analysis of the cellular targets revealed the enrichment of host proteins involved in RNA binding, transcription regulation, vesicular transport or innate immune response regulation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We proposed that the selective disruption of these newly identified host/virus interactions could represent a novel and attractive therapeutic strategy in treating flavivirus infections. Our virus-host interaction map provides a basis to unravel fundamental processes about flavivirus subversion of the host replication machinery and/or immune defence strategy.</p

Drug-induced hallucination: A case/non case study in the French Pharmacovigilance Database

ABSTRACT -Background and Objectives: Hallucinations are sensory perceptions which occur without external stimuli. There are associated with psychiatric disease but also can be related to organic disease and drug or toxic exposure. The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between exposure to medications and the reporting of hallucinations using data from the spontaneous-reporting French Pharmacovigilance Database (FPVD). Methods: We used the case/noncase method in the FPVD. Cases were all the observations of hallucination with the LLT term &quot;perception disturbances&quot;, registered into the FPVD from January 1985 to Jan 2013. Data were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Among the 469,181 reports of adverse effects recorded between 1985 and 2013, 4,086 are hallucinations. For about 50% of these hallucinations were experimented by patient older than 65 years old. A statistically significant OR was found with several medications included rasagiline ]), zolpidem , methylphenidate ) and baclofene ). An increased risk of hallucinations was also observed with non central nervous system drugs, including ertapenem .5]), voriconazole ) and valacyclovir ]). Conclusions: This pharmacoepidemiological study describes an association between drugs and hallucinations. This relationship involves not only some already suspected drugs but also other drugs less known to induce such an adverse reaction. Despite the mandatory limits of this kind of study, these data should lead to special precautions in patient at risk

Multiple-contrast X-ray micro-CT visualization of colon malformations and tumours in situ in living mice

International audienc

As redes sociais na internet e suas apropriações por jovens brasileiros e portugueses em idade escolar

O fenômeno das redes sociais on-line é marcante na atual fase da internet 2.0, tendo crescido vertiginosamente, a partir do ano 2005, com a adesão majoritária de jovens, que as acessam por computadores fixos e móveis, em plataformas dos mais variados tipos. Por meio delas, trocam mensagens e compartilham conteúdos os mais diversos. Diante desse cenário, com base em duas pesquisas convergentes, pretende-se discutir os usos e as apropriações das redes sociais on-line por jovens alunos do ensino fundamental e médio e destacar os pontos mais pertinentes da atual fase da internet nos contextos pessoal, familiar e escolar. Foram aplicados questionários, inspirados em modelo de pesquisa elaborado na Itália, a 404 alunos brasileiros de oito escolas no Rio de Janeiro e a 549 alunos portugueses de 11 escolas na região portuguesa de Castelo Branco. Com essa rica empiria, verificou-se em que pontos os jovens se aproximam dos ideais de uma nova subjetividade (o leitor imerso nas novas mídias) e de um jovem naturalmente afeito aos suportes digitais (o nativo digital).The phenomenon of online social networks has been remarkable in the current phase of internet 2.0 and has grown rapidly from the year 2005, with the majority membership of young people, who access the social networks from desktops and mobile platforms of all kinds. Using these platforms, they exchange messages and share various contents. Given this scenario, based on two converging researches, this paper discusses the uses and appropriations of online social networks by students of elementary school and high school. Also, it highlights the most relevant points in the current phase of the internet in relation to personal, family and school contexts. Inspired by a research model developed in Italy, 404 questionnaires were applied to Brazilian students from eight schools in Rio de Janeiro and 549 Portuguese students from 11 schools in the Portuguese region of Castelo Branco. With this comprehensive database, we could verify at which points the youth approaches the ideals of a new subjectivity (the reader immersed in new medias) and a youngster naturally used to digital media (the digital native).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Long-lasting spinal oxytocin analgesia is ensured by the stimulation of allopregnanolone synthesis which potentiates GABA(A) receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition.

Hypothalamospinal control of spinal pain processing by oxytocin (OT) has received a lot of attention in recent years because of its potency to reduce pain symptoms in inflammatory and neuropathic conditions. However, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying OT spinal antinociception are still poorly understood. In this study, we used biochemical, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches to demonstrate that OT levels are elevated in the spinal cord of rats exhibiting pain symptoms, 24 h after the induction of inflammation with an intraplantar injection of λ-carrageenan. Using a selective OT receptor antagonist, we demonstrate that this elevated OT content is responsible for a tonic analgesia exerted on both mechanical and thermal modalities. This phenomenon appeared to be mediated by an OT receptor-mediated stimulation of neurosteroidogenesis, which leads to an increase in GABA(A) receptor-mediated synaptic inhibition in lamina II spinal cord neurons. We also provide evidence that this novel mechanism of OT-mediated spinal antinociception may be controlled by extracellular signal-related protein kinases, ERK1/2, after OT receptor activation. The oxytocinergic inhibitory control of spinal pain processing is emerging as an interesting target for future therapies since it recruits several molecular mechanisms, which are likely to exert a long-lasting analgesia through nongenomic and possibly genomic effects.journal articleresearch support, non-u.s. gov't2013 Oct 16importe

A value-based comparison of the management of ambulatory respiratory diseases in walk-in clinics, primary care practices, and emergency departments : protocol for a multicenter prospective cohort study

Background: In Canada, 30%-60% of patients presenting to emergency departments are ambulatory. This category has been labeled as a source of emergency department overuse. Acting on the presumption that primary care practices and walk-in clinics offer equivalent care at a lower cost, governments have invested massively in improving access to these alternative settings in the hope that patients would present there instead when possible, thereby reducing the load on emergency departments. Data in support of this approach remain scarce and equivocal. Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the value of care received in emergency departments, walk-in clinics, and primary care practices by ambulatory patients with upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, otitis media, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, influenza-like illness, pneumonia, acute asthma, or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: A multicenter prospective cohort study will be performed in Ontario and Québec. In phase 1, a time-driven activity-based costing method will be applied at each of the 15 study sites. This method uses time as a cost driver to allocate direct costs (eg, medication), consumable expenditures (eg, needles), overhead costs (eg, building maintenance), and physician charges to patient care. Thus, the cost of a care episode will be proportional to the time spent receiving the care. At the end of this phase, a list of care process costs will be generated and used to calculate the cost of each consultation during phase 2, in which a prospective cohort of patients will be monitored to compare the care received in each setting. Patients aged 18 years and older, ambulatory throughout the care episode, and discharged to home with one of the aforementioned targeted diagnoses will be considered. The estimated sample size is 1485 patients. The 3 types of care settings will be compared on the basis of primary outcomes in terms of the proportion of return visits to any site 3 and 7 days after the initial visit and the mean cost of care. The secondary outcomes measured will include scores on patient-reported outcome and experience measures and mean costs borne wholly by patients. We will use multilevel generalized linear models to compare the care settings and an overlap weights approach to adjust for confounding factors related to age, sex, gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, registration with a family physician, socioeconomic status, and severity of illness. Results: Phase 1 will begin in 2021 and phase 2, in 2023. The results will be available in 2025. Conclusions: The end point of our program will be for deciders, patients, and care providers to be able to determine the most appropriate care setting for the management of ambulatory emergency respiratory conditions, based on the quality and cost of care associated with each alternative

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1. The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG + Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version published in European Physical Journal

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters