1,303 research outputs found
A Limit on the Branching Ratio of the Flavor-Changing Top Quark Decay t-->Zc
We have used the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF-II) to set upper limits on the branching ratio of the flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) top quark decay t {yields} Zc using a technique employing ratios of W and Z production, measured in 1.52 fb{sup -1} of p{bar p} data. The analysis uses a comparison of two decay chains, p{bar p} {yields} t{bar t} {yields} WbWb {yields} {ell}{nu}bjjb and p{bar p} {yields} t{bar t} ZcWb {yields} {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} cjjb, to cancel systematic uncertainties in acceptance, efficiency, and luminosity. We validate the MC modeling of acceptance and efficiency for lepton identification over the multi-year dataset also using a ratio of W and Z production, in this case the observed ratio of inclusive production of W to Z-bosons, a technique that will be essential for precision comparisons with the standard model at the LHC. We introduce several methods of determining backgrounds to the W and Z samples. To improve the discrimination against SM backgrounds to top quark decays, we calculate the top mass for each event with two leptons and four jets assuming it is a t{bar t} event with one of the top quarks decaying to Zc. The upper limit on the Br(t {yields} Zc) is estimated from a likelihood constructed with the {ell}{sup +}{ell}{sup -} cjjb top mass distribution and the number of {ell}{nu}bjjb events. Limits are set as a function of the helicity of the Z-boson produced in the FCNC decay. For 100%-longitudinally-polarized Z-bosons we find a limit of 8.3% (95% C.L.)
A 96-Channel FPGA-based Time-to-Digital Converter
We describe an FPGA-based, 96-channel, time-to-digital converter (TDC)
intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) in the CDF Experiment at
the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC
cards, each serving 96 wires of the chamber. The TDC is physically configured
as a 9U VME card. The functionality is almost entirely programmed in firmware
in two Altera Stratix FPGA's. The special capabilities of this device are the
availability of 840 MHz LVDS inputs, multiple phase-locked clock modules, and
abundant memory. The TDC system operates with an input resolution of 1.2 ns.
Each input can accept up to 7 hits per collision. The time-to-digital
conversion is done by first sampling each of the 96 inputs in 1.2-ns bins and
filling a circular memory; the memory addresses of logical transitions (edges)
in the input data are then translated into the time of arrival and width of the
COT pulses. Memory pipelines with a depth of 5.5 s allow deadtime-less
operation in the first-level trigger. The TDC VME interface allows a 64-bit
Chain Block Transfer of multiple boards in a crate with transfer-rates up to 47
Mbytes/sec. The TDC also contains a separately-programmed data path that
produces prompt trigger data every Tevatron crossing. The full TDC design and
multi-card test results are described. The physical simplicity ensures
low-maintenance; the functionality being in firmware allows reprogramming for
other applications.Comment: 32 pages, 13 figure
Structures of new acidic O-specific polysaccharides of the bacterium Proteus mirabilis serogroups O26 and O30
AbstractThe polysaccharide chains of the lipopolysaccharides of the Proteus mirabilis serogroups O26 and O30 were studied using sugar and methylation analysis and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, including two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and rotating-frame NOE spectroscopy. The polysaccharides were found to be acidic due to the presence of d-galacturonic acid and its amide with l-lysine in serogroup O26 or d-glucuronic acid in serogroup O30, and the structures of their tetrasaccharide repeating units were established. The O26-specific polysaccharide is structurally and serologically related to the O-specific polysaccharide of P. mirabilis O28, which includes amides of d-GalA with l-lysine and l-serine [Radziejewska-Lebrecht, J. et al. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 230, 705â712]
ĐĐŸĐ·ŃĐ°ŃŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐžĐșĐ° ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč ĐČ ŃĐ°Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸĐč Đ·ĐŸĐœĐ” ŃĐ”ĐČĐ”ŃĐŸ-ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐșĐ° Đ”ĐČŃĐŸĐżĐ”ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ŃŃĐž Đ ĐŸŃŃОО
ĐĐ»Ń ĐŸŃĐłĐ°ĐœĐžĐ·Đ°ŃОО, ĐżĐ»Đ°ĐœĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ Đž ĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžŃ Đ»Đ”ŃĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ Ń
ĐŸĐ·ŃĐčŃŃĐČĐ° ĐœĐ° ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” ĐČ ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Đ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ
Ń ĐżŃĐ”ĐŸĐ±Đ»Đ°ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐžĐ”ĐŒ Đž ŃŃĐ°ŃŃĐžĐ”ĐŒ ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč (Alnus incana (L.) Moench), ŃŃĐŸŃĐŒĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐČŃĐžŃ
ŃŃ ĐČ ŃŃĐ»ĐŸĐČĐžŃŃ
ŃĐ°Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸĐč Đ·ĐŸĐœŃ, ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒŃ ĐŽĐŸŃŃĐŸĐČĐ”ŃĐœŃĐ” ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃĐ” ĐŸ ŃŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐœĐžĐž, ŃĐŸŃŃĐ” Đž ĐżŃĐŸĐŽŃĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ. Đ ĐœĐ°ŃŃĐŸŃŃДД ĐČŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐŸŃŃŃĐ°Đ”ŃŃŃ ĐŸŃŃŃĐ°Ń ĐœĐ”ĐŸĐ±Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐžĐŒĐŸŃŃŃ ĐČ ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐ” ŃĐ°Đ±Đ»ĐžŃ Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐ° ŃĐŸŃŃĐ° ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Đ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč, ŃĐ°Đș ĐșĐ°Đș ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐ°ĐŽĐž, Đ·Đ°ĐœŃŃŃĐ” ŃŃĐŸĐč ĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐŽĐŸĐč, Đ·ĐœĐ°ŃĐžŃДлŃĐœĐŸ ŃĐČДлОŃОлОŃŃ ĐČ ŃДзŃĐ»ŃŃĐ°ŃĐ” Đ·Đ°ŃĐ°ŃŃĐ°ĐœĐžŃ Đ·Đ°Đ±ŃĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃДлŃŃĐșĐŸŃ
ĐŸĐ·ŃĐčŃŃĐČĐ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ŃĐłĐŸĐŽĐžĐč. Đ Đ°Đ·ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐșĐ° Đ”ĐŽĐžĐœĐŸĐč ŃĐžŃŃĐ”ĐŒŃ ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°ŃĐžĐČĐœŃŃ
Đž ŃĐżŃĐ°ĐČĐŸŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŒĐ°ŃĐ”ŃĐžĐ°Đ»ĐŸĐČ ĐŽĐ»Ń ŃŃĐ”ŃĐ° ĐșĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐ”ŃŃĐČĐ°, ĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐșĐž ŃĐŸŃŃĐŸŃĐœĐžŃ Đž ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐŒĐ° ĐžŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Đ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč ĐœĐ° ĐĐČŃĐŸĐżĐ”ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐŒ ĐĄĐ”ĐČĐ”ŃĐ” Đ ĐŸŃŃОО ŃĐČĐ»ŃĐ”ŃŃŃ ĐČĐ°Đ¶ĐœĐŸĐč Đž Đ°ĐșŃŃĐ°Đ»ŃĐœĐŸĐč Đ·Đ°ĐŽĐ°ŃĐ”Đč. йаблОŃŃ Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐ° ŃĐŸŃŃĐ° ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč ĐČ ŃĐ°Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸĐč Đ·ĐŸĐœĐ” ŃĐ”ĐČĐ”ŃĐŸ-ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐșĐ° Đ”ĐČŃĐŸĐżĐ”ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ŃŃĐž Đ ĐŸŃŃОО ŃĐ°ĐœĐ”Đ” ĐœĐ” ŃĐ°Đ·ŃабаŃŃĐČалОŃŃ. ĐŠĐ”Đ»Ń ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœĐŸĐłĐŸ ĐžŃŃĐ»Đ”ĐŽĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ â ОзŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” ĐČĐŸĐ·ŃĐ°ŃŃĐœĐŸĐč ĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐžĐșĐž ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč Đž ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐžĐ” ŃĐ°Đ±Đ»ĐžŃ Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐ° ŃĐŸŃŃĐ°. ĐŃĐżĐŸĐ»ŃĐ·ĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœŃ 193 ĐŒĐŸĐŽĐ”Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŽĐ”ŃĐ”ĐČĐ° ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ĐŽĐ°ĐœĐœŃĐ” 175 ĐżŃĐŸĐ±ĐœŃŃ
ĐżĐ»ĐŸŃĐ°ĐŽĐ”Đč. ĐĐŸĐ»ĐœĐŸŃĐ° â 1,0. ĐĐŸĐ»ŃŃĐ”ĐœŃ ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ĐŽĐ»Ń ĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐŽĐ”Đ»Đ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃŃĐ”ĐŽĐœĐ”Đč ĐČŃŃĐŸŃŃ, ĐŽĐžĐ°ĐŒĐ”ŃŃĐ° Đž запаŃĐ° ĐœĐ°ŃĐ°Đ¶ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ĐżĐŸ ĐșлаŃŃĐ°ĐŒ Đ±ĐŸĐœĐžŃĐ”ŃĐ°. ĐĐ° ĐŸŃĐœĐŸĐČĐ” ŃŃĐ°ĐČĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐč ŃĐ°Đ·ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃĐ°ĐœŃ ŃаблОŃŃ Ń
ĐŸĐŽĐ° ŃĐŸŃŃĐ° ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ ĐżĐŸ ĐșлаŃŃĐ°ĐŒ Đ±ĐŸĐœĐžŃĐ”ŃĐ°. ĐŃĐ”ĐŽĐ»ĐŸĐ¶Đ”ĐœĐœŃĐ” ŃаблОŃŃ Đ±ŃĐŽŃŃ ŃĐżĐŸŃĐŸĐ±ŃŃĐČĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ĐżĐŸĐČŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐŸŃĐœĐŸŃŃĐž ŃĐ°ĐșŃĐ°ŃОО лДŃĐŸĐČ, ĐŽĐ°ĐŽŃŃ ĐČĐŸĐ·ĐŒĐŸĐ¶ĐœĐŸŃŃŃ ĐŸĐ±ŃĐ”ĐșŃĐžĐČĐœĐŸ ĐŸŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃŃ Đ»Đ”ŃĐŸŃŃŃŃĐ”ĐČŃĐ” ŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃŃ ĐœĐ°ĐžĐ±ĐŸĐ»Đ”Đ” ĐżŃДЎŃŃĐ°ĐČĐ»Đ”ĐœĐœŃŃ
ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ, ĐżŃĐŸĐłĐœĐŸĐ·ĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ĐžŃ
ŃĐŸŃŃ ĐżŃĐž ĐČŃĐżĐŸĐ»ĐœĐ”ĐœĐžĐž ĐșĐŸĐŒĐżĐ»Đ”ĐșŃĐ° ŃĐ°Đ±ĐŸŃ ĐżĐŸ ĐŸŃ
ŃĐ°ĐœĐ”, Đ·Đ°ŃĐžŃĐ” Đž ĐČĐŸŃĐżŃĐŸĐžĐ·ĐČĐŸĐŽŃŃĐČŃ Đ»Đ”ŃĐœŃŃ
ŃĐ”ŃŃŃŃĐŸĐČ, ĐżĐŸĐČŃŃĐ”ĐœĐžŃ ŃĐșĐŸĐ»ĐŸĐłĐžŃĐ”ŃĐșĐžŃ
ŃŃĐœĐșŃĐžĐč лДŃĐ°, Đ° ŃĐ°ĐșжД ĐșĐŸĐœŃŃĐŸĐ»ĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ŃŃ ĐČĐ”ĐŽĐ”ĐœĐžĐ” Ń
ĐŸĐ·ŃĐčŃŃĐČĐ° ĐČ ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸŃŃ
.
ĐĐ»Ń ŃĐžŃĐžŃĐŸĐČĐ°ĐœĐžŃ: ĐąŃĐ”ŃŃŃĐșĐŸĐČ ĐĄ.Đ., ĐĐŸĐżŃĐ”ĐČ ĐĄ.Đ., ĐĐ°ŃĐ°Đ±Đ°Đœ Đ.Đ., ĐĐ°ŃĐ°ĐŒĐŸĐœĐŸĐČ Đ.Đ., ĐĐ°ĐČŃĐŽĐŸĐČ Đ.Đ. ĐĐŸĐ·ŃĐ°ŃŃĐœĐ°Ń ĐŽĐžĐœĐ°ĐŒĐžĐșĐ° ĐœĐŸŃĐŒĐ°Đ»ŃĐœŃŃ
ĐŽŃĐ”ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐ”ĐČ ĐŸĐ»ŃŃ
Đž ŃĐ”ŃĐŸĐč ĐČ ŃĐ°Đ”Đ¶ĐœĐŸĐč Đ·ĐŸĐœĐ” ŃĐ”ĐČĐ”ŃĐŸ-ĐČĐŸŃŃĐŸĐșĐ° Đ”ĐČŃĐŸĐżĐ”ĐčŃĐșĐŸĐč ŃĐ°ŃŃĐž Đ ĐŸŃŃОО // ĐĐ·ĐČ. ĐČŃĐ·ĐŸĐČ. ĐĐ”ŃĐœ. жŃŃĐœ. 2023. â 6. ĐĄ. 70â80. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-70-8
Heavy alcohol drinking and subclinical echocardiographic abnormalities of structure and function.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to assess changes in heart structure and function associated with heavy alcohol use by comparing echocardiographic indices in a population-based sample to those in patients admitted to an inpatient facility with severe alcohol problems. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used data from the Know Your Heart study (2015-2017) which is a cross-sectional study that recruited 2479 participants aged 35-69 years from the general population of the city of Arkhangelsk in Northwest Russia and 278 patients from the Arkhangelsk Regional Psychiatric Hospital with a primary diagnosis related to chronic alcohol use (narcology clinic subsample). The drinking patterns of the population-based sample were characterised in detail. We used regression models controlling for age, sex, smoking, education and waist to hip ratio to evaluate the differences in echocardiographic indices in participants with different drinking patterns. The means of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and indexed left atrial systolic diameter were increased among heavy drinkers (narcology clinic subsample), while mean left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased in this group compared with the population-based sample. In contrast, the harmful and hazardous drinkers in the population-based sample did not differ from non-problem drinkers with respect to echocardiographic indices of systolic and diastolic function. CONCLUSIONS: Extremely heavy drinking is associated with a specific set of structural and functional abnormalities of the heart that may be regarded as precursors of alcohol-related dilated cardiomyopathy
Measurement of the Forward-Backward Asymmetry in the B -> K(*) mu+ mu- Decay and First Observation of the Bs -> phi mu+ mu- Decay
We reconstruct the rare decays , , and in a data sample
corresponding to collected in collisions at
by the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron
Collider. Using and decays we report the branching ratios. In addition, we report
the measurement of the differential branching ratio and the muon
forward-backward asymmetry in the and decay modes, and the
longitudinal polarization in the decay mode with respect to the squared
dimuon mass. These are consistent with the theoretical prediction from the
standard model, and most recent determinations from other experiments and of
comparable accuracy. We also report the first observation of the {\mathcal{B}}(B^0_s \to
\phi\mu^+\mu^-) = [1.44 \pm 0.33 \pm 0.46] \times 10^{-6}27 \pm 6B^0_s$ decay observed.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Measurements of the properties of Lambda_c(2595), Lambda_c(2625), Sigma_c(2455), and Sigma_c(2520) baryons
We report measurements of the resonance properties of Lambda_c(2595)+ and
Lambda_c(2625)+ baryons in their decays to Lambda_c+ pi+ pi- as well as
Sigma_c(2455)++,0 and Sigma_c(2520)++,0 baryons in their decays to Lambda_c+
pi+/- final states. These measurements are performed using data corresponding
to 5.2/fb of integrated luminosity from ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV,
collected with the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron. Exploiting the
largest available charmed baryon sample, we measure masses and decay widths
with uncertainties comparable to the world averages for Sigma_c states, and
significantly smaller uncertainties than the world averages for excited
Lambda_c+ states.Comment: added one reference and one table, changed order of figures, 17
pages, 15 figure
Search for a New Heavy Gauge Boson Wprime with Electron + missing ET Event Signature in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV
We present a search for a new heavy charged vector boson decaying
to an electron-neutrino pair in collisions at a center-of-mass
energy of 1.96\unit{TeV}. The data were collected with the CDF II detector
and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.3\unit{fb}^{-1}. No
significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed and we set
upper limits on . Assuming standard
model couplings to fermions and the neutrino from the boson decay to
be light, we exclude a boson with mass less than
1.12\unit{TeV/}c^2 at the 95\unit{%} confidence level.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures Submitted to PR
Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV
The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pTâ„20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60â€pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2â€{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration
Measurement of the inclusive and dijet cross-sections of b-jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
The inclusive and dijet production cross-sections have been measured for jets
containing b-hadrons (b-jets) in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass
energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The
measurements use data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 34 pb^-1.
The b-jets are identified using either a lifetime-based method, where secondary
decay vertices of b-hadrons in jets are reconstructed using information from
the tracking detectors, or a muon-based method where the presence of a muon is
used to identify semileptonic decays of b-hadrons inside jets. The inclusive
b-jet cross-section is measured as a function of transverse momentum in the
range 20 < pT < 400 GeV and rapidity in the range |y| < 2.1. The bbbar-dijet
cross-section is measured as a function of the dijet invariant mass in the
range 110 < m_jj < 760 GeV, the azimuthal angle difference between the two jets
and the angular variable chi in two dijet mass regions. The results are
compared with next-to-leading-order QCD predictions. Good agreement is observed
between the measured cross-sections and the predictions obtained using POWHEG +
Pythia. MC@NLO + Herwig shows good agreement with the measured bbbar-dijet
cross-section. However, it does not reproduce the measured inclusive
cross-section well, particularly for central b-jets with large transverse
momenta.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (21 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final
version published in European Physical Journal
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