Source Process of Normal Earthquakes: the 3 February 2002, M6.3 Afyon, Turkey and the 7 September 1999, M5.9 Athens, Greece Earthquakes

The source process of two normal-fault earthquakes, the 3 February 2002, M6.3 Afyon, Turkey and the 7 September 1999, M5.9 Athens, Greece earthquakes are studied using regional, teleseismic and strong motion data. Detailed information derived from teleseismic waveform modeling and source time functions inversions are combined and used to forward model recorded strong ground motion. Both events presented evidence for emergence of strong directivity effects during their rupture, which greatly affected the distribution of strong ground motion. These results are indicative of the contribution of the source factor to the distribution of earthquake damage and consequently of its importance in engineering practice in the proximity of large faults, especially within urban areas

Synthesis, Antiproliferative Activity and In Silico Studies of Chalcones Derived From 4-(Imidazole-1-yl)Acetophenone

In this study, the synthesis of chalcone compounds (1-11) derived from 4-(imidazol-1-yl)acetophenone and the structure determination of these compounds by various spectroscopic methods were carried out. The anticancer activities of compounds 1-11 were examined against HeLa and PC-3 cancer cells at four different concentrations (100, 50, 25, and 5 µM) using the BrdU ELISA assay. It was determined that all molecules except compounds 1 and 6 in HeLa cancer cells and compounds 2 and 8 against PC-3 cancer cells were more active against HeLa and PC-3 than the standard drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The best activity against PC-3 cancer cells was compound 4 (IC50: 1.39±0.00 µM). In addition, compound 11 (IC50: 1.58±0.01 µM) was found to have the highest activity against HeLa cancer cells. Compound 4 against PC-3 cancer cell and compound 11 against HeLa cancer cell displayed cell selective activity. The ADME properties and drug similarities of the molecules 1-11 using the SwissADME software were investigated. According to these properties, compounds 1-11 were found to obey Lipinski rules

Seismic imaging of the 1999 Izmit (Turkey) Rupture inferred from the near‐fault recordings

International audienceWe use near-fault accelerograms to infer the space-time history of rupture on the fault during the Izmit earthquake. The records show that the ground displacement and velocity near the fault were surprisingly simple. Rupture propagated toward the west at a velocity of about 3 km/s, and toward the east at a remarkably high average velocity of 4.7 km/s over a distance of about 45 km before decelerating to about 3.1 km/s on the eastern segment. Slip on the fault is particularly large down to a depth of 20 km on the central portion of the fault where it reaches about 7 m. Slip is large also below 10 km on the eastern fault segment, and this may have contributed to the loading of shear stress on the Diizce fault. On the western fault segment, large slip seems confined to shallow depths. is located very close to ARC, and the ground velocities there display waveforms and amplitudes similar to those at ARC. The digital records at ARC are, however, of much better quality than the analog records at GBZ, and, for this reason, we shall use ARC as our modeling station. The other station that we did not use is YPT because records there are more complicated and have a longer duration than records at ARC and SKR, located further from the epicenter. This complexity suggests that at this station the records are more affected by the shallow crustal structure below the site or between the station and the fault

Knowledge and Prejudice about HIV/AIDS among Physicians and Nurses at a University Hospital

INTRODUCTION: The prejudice of healthcare personnel may be reflected as an important problem in patient follow-up. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and prejudice regarding HIV/AIDS among physicians and nurses working in a university hospital. METHODS: The sample size of this cross-sectional study was calculated as 191 by taking distance from confidence limit(s) to mean 1 and standard deviation 7 in two-sided 95% confidence interval. In Dicle University Hospitals, 6 nurses, 4 assistant physicians and 1 specialist physician/lecturer/teaching staff were invited by random sampling method from each of the 23 clinics. Total of 218 physicians and nurses were included. A questionnaire including demographic variables and 30 statements about HIV/AIDS was applied. The data obtained were analyzed using R-3.5.1 program. RESULTS: 33.5% of the participants stated that they were involved in the follow-up of a HIV-infected patient. The mean HIV knowledge score was 76.3+-13.7; higher in men(78.9+-13.5) and doctors(83.2+-11.1). The mean HIV prejudice score was 39.0+-21.2; higher in nurses(42.0+-22.3) and lower in participants with HIV-infected relatives/friends(23,6+-14,3). There was a weak negative correlation between HIV knowledge and prejudice scores. 40.6% of the participants stated that HIV/AIDS is not a curable disease. 52.5 percent stated that they would not prefer to follow HIV/AIDS patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Considering that the healthcare professionals working in Turkey, which is located in a high endemic area in terms of HIV/AIDS, will encounter this disease more, the results are worrying. Health personnel should be considered as a special group in all studies that will be done to reduce HIV/AIDS stigma

Forest structure and litter production of naturally regenerated white mangrove Avicennia marina in subtropical estuarine coast

The present work deals with plant structure, phenology, litter production and decomposition of mangrove Avicennia marina in the newly re-generated mangrove forest in sub-tropical coast. The natural generation in this accreted coastal land of mono-specific A. marina forest stand was prominent, with 45% seedlings and 32% saplings. Peak flowering and fruiting were noticed in May and August, respectively. Reproductive components contribute countable percent into the total litter production during the peak flowering (60%) and fruiting (86%) season. The percentage of leaf litter fall fluctuated throughout the year and contributed 13-99% (73% in average) of the total litter production of 11.53 tones ha(-1)'yr(-1). The total litter production differed with season and influenced by local climate, pore water salinity and phenology of the mangrove. The naturally generated young (7 years) A. marina with 1.8 m height produced more leaf litter as compared to similar tree height elsewhere. Decomposition rate was related to season, with higher litter loss during rainy season which could help cycling nutrients and support estuarine food web by supplying organic matter into the sub-tropical coastal environment

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Yer Mühendislik Terimleri Sözlüğü

Uzmanlık alanlarına hitap eden ve terimlerle birlikte bunların tanımlarının da birlikte verildiği sözlüklerin hazırlanması, Türk dilinin zenginliğinin ortaya çıkarılması, dilimizin dünya dilleri arasında değerine yakışır bir düzeye ulaştırılması ve terminolojide birlikteliğin sağlanması açısından büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çerçevede; maden, jeoloji, inşaat ve jeofizik mühendisliği dallarının yer kürenin yüzeyinde ve sığ derinliklerinde gerçekleştirilen mühendislik işleriyle olan ilgileri ve ortak çalışmaları dikkate alınarak; mühendislik jeolojisi, hidrojeoloji, jeoteknik saha incelemesi, kaya mekaniği ve kaya mühendisliği, maden işletme ve tünelcilik, zemin mekaniği, temel mühendisliği, zemin dinamiği-deprem jeoteknik (yer tekniği) mühendisliği, zemin iyileştirmesi, mühendislik jeofiziği ve sismoloji gibi konuların yanı sıra, adı geçen mesleklerce ortak olarak kullanılan jeoloji terimlerini de içeren bir terimler sözlüğünün hazırlanmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmüştür. Bu amaçla Reşat Ulusay, Mehmet Ekmekçi, Hasan Gerçek, K. Önder Çetin ve Mustafa Aktar tarafından hazırlanan ve TMMOB Maden Mühendisleri Odası tarafından basılan "Yer Mühendislik Terimleri Sözlüğü"; tanımlarıyla ve İngilizceleriyle birlikte verilmiş 1675 terim ile "bkz." kısaltmasıyla birlikte sunulmuş ve yeni terimlerle aynı anlama gelen 517 terim olmak üzere, toplam 2192 terimi içermektedir. Bu sözlüğün ülkemizde yer mühendisliği konularında çalışan uygulamacı, araştırmacı ve mühendislik eğitimi alan öğrenciler arasında terminolojide birlikteliğin sağlanmasına yardımcı olması ve dilimizin teknik anlamda daha güçlü kılınması yönünde katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. 262 sayfadan oluşan cilt kapaklı bu sözlüğe, başta Maden Mühendisleri Odası olmak üzere, Jeoloji, İnşaat ve Jeofizik Mühendisleri Odalarından da ulaşılabilir