Comparative study of honey bee production with one and three queens by beehive in nueva imperial, IX region, Chile

In the Region of La Araucanía tests have been made where the production of honey of double queen beehives was compared to single queen beehives, with encouraging results. This motivated the accomplishment of this study in the zone of Nueva Imperial, which compared the conventional production of honey of triple queen systems and systems with one queen by beehive. For the accomplishment of this study 12 beehives were used, nine were grouped to form the triple queen systems and the remaining three with one queen were used as control. The research began on November 4th 2004, with weekly visits to control the factors that could affect the honey productions. The crop was made on January 11th 2005, reaching a honey production of 85 kg average for triple queens systems, which was significantly greater to the production obtained by the systems with a single queen which reached 19,17 kg of honey average.En la Región de La Araucanía se han realizado ensayos donde se comparó la producción de miel de colmenas doble reina y colmenas de una sola reina, con resultados alentadores. Esto motivó la realización de este estudio en la zona de Nueva Imperial, el cual comparó la producción de miel de sistemas de triple reina y sistemas convencionales con una reina por colmena. Para la realización de este estudio se utilizaron 12 colmenas, de las cuales nueve se agruparon para formar los sistemas triple reina, y las tres restantes con una reina fueron utilizadas como testigo. La investigación comenzó el 4 de noviembre del 2004, con visitas semanales, para controlar los factores que pudieran incidir en la producción de miel. La cosecha se realizó el 11 de enero de 2005, alcanzándose producciones promedio de 85 kg de miel para los sistemas triple reina, lo cual fue significativamente mayor a la producción lograda por los sistemas con una sola reina que alcanzaron 19,17 kg de miel promedio

Azadirachtin effectivity in embryogenesis inhibition of Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Raspberry is cultivated in the southern part of Chile mainly for export. Its fruit is severely affected by the raspberry weevil (RW) Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin), a Curculionidae native of Chile. Little is known about the biology RW and control measures. Conventional insecticides have been tried against the adult, however, their use has been hindered in the practice by the coincidence of the presence of the mature insect with flowering and fructification periods. Entomopathogenic fungi are being incorporated lately, but still not massively used. This work aimed to evaluate azadirachtin, using the commercial product Neem as a growth regulator. Six doses of Neem, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ml/L of water, were applied under laboratory conditions, maintaining a check with no insecticide. RW adults stayed confined on the foliage of raspberry bushes treated with Neem during five days and in thirty days during egglaying. Number of eggs, number of emerged larva, percentage of born larva, effectiveness; effective half dose (DE50) and ninety effective dose (DE90) were determined. Neem treatments had significantly lower egg-laying amount, lower emergence of larvae and greater effectiveness, compared to the untreated check. The lowest egg-laying number was obtained with 2 ml of Neem, however, 5 ml of Neem resulted in the smallest number and percent of emerged larvae. DE50 and DE90 were found to be 0.0290 and 8.923 ml of Neem for liter of water, respectively. It was concluded that Neem can significantly alter egg-laying and embryogenesis of the RW.La frambuesa es una fruta de exportación, cuyo cultivo en el sur de Chile es afectado seriamente por el curculiónido Aegorhinus superciliosus (Guérin) o cabrito del frambueso (CF), insecto nativo de Chile. La biología del CF es poco conocida y también su control. Se ha intentado reducir al adulto con insecticidas convencionales; sin embargo, en la práctica se dificulta su uso por coincidir la presencia del insecto adulto con periodos de floración y cosecha de fruta. Recientemente se están incorporando hongos entomopatógenos, pero aún no se aplican masivamente. En este trabajo se experimentó con azadirachtina, utilizando el producto comercial Neem como regulador de crecimiento. Bajo condiciones de laboratorio se aplicaron seis dosis de Neem: 1 ml; 2 ml; 3 ml; 4 ml; 5 ml; 6 ml de Neem por litro de agua. Además, de un testigo sin insecticida. Los adultos del CF se mantuvieron confinados con follaje de frambueso tratados con Neem durante cinco días y en postura por treinta días. Durante este periodo se determinó: cantidad de huevos, cantidad de larvas emergidas, porcentaje de larvas nacidas, grado de eficacia, dosis media efectiva (DE50) y dosis noventa efectiva (DE90). Los tratamientos con Neem fueron significativamente diferentes al testigo, presentando menor postura, menor emergencia de larvas y mayor grado de efectividad. Con 2 ml de Neem se obtuvo la menor postura; sin embargo, la dosis de 5 ml de Neem presentó la menor cantidad de larvas emergidas y el menor porcentaje de emergencia de larvas. La DE50 se determinó en 0,0290 ml de Neem y la DE90 en 8,923 ml de Neem por litro de agua. Con los antecedentes expuestos se concluyó que el Neem tiene un efecto que altera la postura y la embriogénesis del CF

Ciclo vital de Adalia angulifera Mulsant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) sobre el pulg\uf3n del avellano Europeo Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Adalia angulifera Mulsant is a coccinellid predator of the hazelnut aphid, Myzocallis coryli (Goeze), which is specific of hazelnut, of Corylus avellana L., in the La Araucan\ueda, Chile. The life cycle was studied in the Carillanca Experimental Station of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA), Temuco, Chile (38\ub041' S lat; 72\ub0 25' W long; 200 m.o.s.l.). Coccinellids and aphids were reared under laboratory, conditions at 19.23 \ub1 2.71\ub0C; 60.78 \ub1 3.34% of relative humidity and a variable photoperiod of 14 to 16 h of natural light from October to November. Under these conditions, the life cycle of A. angulifera was completed in 37.39 \ub1 1.55 days with a range of 24-59 days. The egg stage represented 18% of the life cycle, the larval stage 58.3% and the pupa 23.7%. The larvae stage also presented three, four and five instars, being four the most common. Larvae with three and five instars had a longer life period. Adult longevity was 71 \ub1 59.79 days with a range of 32-249 days. Female longevity was 72.25 \ub1 67.41 days with a range of 34-249 days, while males lived 67.67 \ub1 31.20 days with a range of 32-108 days. This study concluded that A. angulifera had three generations, in adults were observed in winter diapause, under bark tree or in the scrack of fence posts in the La Araucan\ueda.Adalia angulifera Mulsant es un coccin\ue9lido depredador habitual del pulg\uf3n Myzocallis coryli (Goeze), que es espec\uedfico del avellano europeo, Corylus avellana L., en La Araucan\ueda, Chile. El ciclo vital se estudi\uf3 en el Centro Regional de Investigaci\uf3n Carillanca del Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Temuco, Chile (38\ub041' lat. Sur; 72\ub025' long. Oeste; 200 msnm). Coccin\ue9lidos y \ue1fidos fueron criados en laboratorio a 19,23 \ub1 2,71\ub0C; 60,78 \ub1 3,34% de humedad relativa y fotoper\uedodo variable de 14 a 16 h de luz natural, desde octubre a noviembre. En estas condiciones, el ciclo vital de A. angulifera se cumpli\uf3 en 37,39 \ub11,55 d\uedas con un rango entre 24 y 59 d\uedas. El huevo represent\uf3 un 18% del ciclo, la larva un 58,3% y la pupa el 23,7%. Tambi\ue9n el estado larvario present\uf3 tres, cuatro y cinco estadios, siendo el estado larvario con cuatro estadios el m\ue1s com\ufan. Las larvas con tres y cinco estadios tuvieron un periodo de vida m\ue1s largo. La longevidad del adulto fue de 71 \ub1 59,7 d\uedas con un rango de 32 a 249 d\uedas. La longevidad de la hembra fue de 72,25 \ub1 67,41 d\uedas con un rango de 34 y 249 d\uedas, y para el macho 67,67 \ub1 31,20 d\uedas con rango de 32 y 108 d\uedas. El estudio concluye que A. angulifera en La Araucan\ueda presenta tres generaciones, observ\ue1ndose al adulto en diapausa invernal , oculto bajo la corteza de \ue1rboles o en grietas de postes usados para cercos

Fluctuaci\uf3n poblacional, capacidad depredadora y longevidad de Nabis punctipennis Blanchard (Hemiptera: Nabidae)

The objective of the present research was to study the population dynamics, predatory capacity and longevity of adult Nabis punctipennis Blanchardfed on the aphid Acyrtosiphon pisum (Harris). The population dynamics were determined using hits an entomological net in an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field located at Maipo Experimental Station of the University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. To evaluate the predatory capacity of the bug, 10 nymphs and 10 adults of N. punctipennis were selected and put individually in plastic vials, to which were added aphids (Acyrtosiphon pisum) which were renewed every 24 hours. To study the longevity of N. punctipennis, 10 newly emerged adults were put in plastic jars with aphids. The results of the population dynamics indicated a maximum of 90 specimens (November 1998) and a minimum of only one (April 1999). The mean daily predatory capacity of adults was 12.4 \ub1 4.8 aphids and 9.1 \ub1 3.07 aphids for the nymph. The nymph as well as the adult of N. punctipennis fed preferentially on adult aphids rather than nymphs. Finally, the longevity of adult N. punctipennis was 59.9 \ub1 25.34 days.La presente investigaci\uf3n tuvo por objetivo determinar la fluctuaci\uf3n poblacional, capacidad depredadora y longevidad de los adultos de Nabis punctipennis Blanchard alimentados con el pulg\uf3n Acyrtosiphon pisum (Harris). La fluctuaci\uf3n poblacional fue determinada mediante golpes de red entomol\uf3gica en una pradera de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) ubicada en la Estaci\uf3n Experimental Maipo de la Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile. Para evaluar la capacidad depredadora se seleccionaron 10 ninfas y 10 adultos de N. punctipennis, dispuestos individualmente en envases pl\ue1sticos, a los cuales se les adicion\uf3 pulgones (Acyrtosiphon pisum) renov\ue1ndoles el alimento cada 24 h. Para estudiar la longevidad de los adultos de N. punctipennis se colocaron 10 adultos reci\ue9n emergidos en envases pl\ue1sticos. Los resultados de la fluctuaci\uf3n poblacional se\uf1alaron un m\ue1ximo de 90 ejemplares (noviembre 1998) y un m\uednimo de s\uf3lo un ejemplar (abril 1999). La capacidad depredadora promedio diaria de los n\ue1bidos adultos fue de 12,41 \ub1 4,87 pulgones, mientras que la capacidad depredadora de las ninfas correspondi\uf3 a 9,10 \ub1 3,07 \ue1fidos diarios. Tanto el estado ninfal como el adulto de N. punctipennis prefirieron consumir una mayor cantidad de pulgones adultos por sobre las ninfas. Finalmente, la longevidad de los adultos de N. punctipennis fue de 59,9 \ub1 25,34 d\ueda

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Página 298 con error de impresiónEstudio cariológico en dos especies de Serránidos del Mediterráneo (Peces: PerciformesRelaciones morfométricas de Atherina boyeri Risso (Pisces: Atherinidae) de la laguna de Zoñar (Córdoba, España)Contribución al conocimiento de la biometríay osteología de Barbus barbus bocagei, Steindachner, 1866 (Pisces: CyprinidaeLa actividad de la salamandra, Salamandra salamandra (L.), en Galicia.Estudios sobre el sapo corredor (Bufo calamita) en el Sur de España.1. BiometríaEstudios sobre el sapo corredor (Bufo calamita) en el Sur de España. II. AlimentaciónBiología de la reproducción de Rana iberica Boulenger 1879 en zonas simpátridas con Rana temporaria Linneo, 1758Nuevos datos sobre la distribución geográfica de Lacerta monticola cantabrica Mertens, 1929. (Sauria, lacertidae).Datos sobre Lacerta monticola Boulenger, 1905 (Saurio: lacertidae)en el oeste del Sistema Central.Nueva especie de Anolis (lacertilia, Iguanidae) para CubaEtograma cuantificado del cortejo en Falco naumannOntogénesis del comportamiento predador en Falco naumanniContaminación xenobiótica del Parque Nacional de Doñana. 1. Residuos de insecticidas organoclorados, bifenilos policlorados y mercurio en anseriformes y gruiformesReproducción del críalo (Clamator glandarius) en Sierra Morena CentraNidificación de Picus viridis en taludes de arcilla en Ramblas de Guadix (Granada)Comportamiento del calamón Porphyrio porphyrio (Linnaeus, 1758) en Doñana, Marismas del GuadalquiviBiología y ecología de la malvasía (Oxyura leucocephala) en Andalucía.On the differential diet of Carnivora in islands:a method for analysing it and a particular case.Notas sobre la distribución pasada y actual del meloncillo Herpestes ichneumon (L.) en la Península IbéricaEstructuración de las interacciones en una camada de lobos (Canís lupus)Nuevos datos sobre la distribución del Cottus gobio L. (pisces, cottidae) en EspañaSobre la alimentación de Callopistes maculatus (Reptilia,teiidaeObservación de Lacerta lepida depredando un nido de Alectoris rufaNueva cita del galápago leproso Mauremys leprosa (Scheigger, 1812) en los pirineosPrimera cita de Psammodromus hispanicus (Fitzinger) para GaliciaSobre la presencia de Gallotia (=Lacerta) atlantica (Peters y Doria, 1882) en Gran CanariaNota sobre las Lacerta monticola Boulenger, 1905 de las zonas del norte de GaliciaPrimeras notas herpetológicas de la provincia de Soria.Datos sobre selección de hábitat y ecología alimenticia del porrón pardo (Aythya nyroca)Probable nueva área de cría del pechiazul (Luscinia svecica cyanecula) en el sistema central. PerisPredación de Falco peregrinus y Falco subbuteo sobre quirópterosResultados de la producción de Oxyura leucocephala en el año 1981 en las lagunas de Zóñar y el rincónAnálisis de la dieta de Tyto alba en un medio árido antropógeno de los alrededores de Almería¿Son Eudocimus ruber y E. albus distintas especies?EL Estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) en Canarias: nueva especie nidifiante en el archipiélagoDatos sobre la alimentación otoñal del cárabo (Strix aluco) en la sierra de CádizObservación primaveral de rapaces y otras aves en el páramo del estado de Mérida (Venezuela).Murciélago hematófago (Desmodus rotundus) parasitando a un chigüire (Hidrochoerus hydrochaeris)Observaciones sobre la reproducción del zacatuche o teporinho Romerolagus diazi (Mammalia: lagomorpha)Estudio electroforético de hemoglobinas y esterasas sanguíneas en Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Chiroptera: rhinolophidae) y de hemoglobinas en Tadaria taeniotis (chiroptera: molossidae)Peer reviewe

Overview of recent TJ-II stellarator results

The main results obtained in the TJ-II stellarator in the last two years are reported. The most important topics investigated have been modelling and validation of impurity transport, validation of gyrokinetic simulations, turbulence characterisation, effect of magnetic configuration on transport, fuelling with pellet injection, fast particles and liquid metal plasma facing components. As regards impurity transport research, a number of working lines exploring several recently discovered effects have been developed: the effect of tangential drifts on stellarator neoclassical transport, the impurity flux driven by electric fields tangent to magnetic surfaces and attempts of experimental validation with Doppler reflectometry of the variation of the radial electric field on the flux surface. Concerning gyrokinetic simulations, two validation activities have been performed, the comparison with measurements of zonal flow relaxation in pellet-induced fast transients and the comparison with experimental poloidal variation of fluctuations amplitude. The impact of radial electric fields on turbulence spreading in the edge and scrape-off layer has been also experimentally characterized using a 2D Langmuir probe array. Another remarkable piece of work has been the investigation of the radial propagation of small temperature perturbations using transfer entropy. Research on the physics and modelling of plasma core fuelling with pellet and tracer-encapsulated solid-pellet injection has produced also relevant results. Neutral beam injection driven Alfvénic activity and its possible control by electron cyclotron current drive has been examined as well in TJ-II. Finally, recent results on alternative plasma facing components based on liquid metals are also presentedThis work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. It has been partially funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Inovación y Universidades of Spain under projects ENE2013-48109-P, ENE2015-70142-P and FIS2017-88892-P. It has also received funds from the Spanish Government via mobility grant PRX17/00425. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and the technical support provided by the Barcelona S.C. It has been supported as well by The Science and Technology Center in Ukraine (STCU), Project P-507F

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Timing of surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international prospective cohort study.

Peri-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection increases postoperative mortality. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal duration of planned delay before surgery in patients who have had SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study included patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery during October 2020. Surgical patients with pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared with those without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted 30-day mortality rates stratified by time from diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to surgery. Among 140,231 patients (116 countries), 3127 patients (2.2%) had a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Adjusted 30-day mortality in patients without SARS-CoV-2 infection was 1.5% (95%CI 1.4-1.5). In patients with a pre-operative SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis, mortality was increased in patients having surgery within 0-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and 5-6 weeks of the diagnosis (odds ratio (95%CI) 4.1 (3.3-4.8), 3.9 (2.6-5.1) and 3.6 (2.0-5.2), respectively). Surgery performed ≥ 7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was associated with a similar mortality risk to baseline (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.5 (0.9-2.1)). After a ≥ 7 week delay in undertaking surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection, patients with ongoing symptoms had a higher mortality than patients whose symptoms had resolved or who had been asymptomatic (6.0% (95%CI 3.2-8.7) vs. 2.4% (95%CI 1.4-3.4) vs. 1.3% (95%CI 0.6-2.0), respectively). Where possible, surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients with ongoing symptoms ≥ 7 weeks from diagnosis may benefit from further delay

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues