17 research outputs found

    The effects of two resistance training systems (Drop sets) and (Super sets) on some kinematics variables in crawl Swimming among physical education college students

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    هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى الفروق بين تأثير نظامي تدريب المقاومات (Drop sets) و(Super sets) على المتغيرات الكينماتيكية في سباحة الزحف على البطن، وتم استخدام المنهج التجريبي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (8) طلاب من كلية التربية الرياضية والمسجلين في مساق سباحة (2) تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين تجريبيتين متكافئتين، المجموعة الأولى تجريبية تكونت من (4) طلاب خضعوا لبرنامج تدريب المقاومات بنظام الدروب سيت (Drop sets)، والمجموعة الثانية تجريبية تكونت من (4) طلاب خضعوا لبرنامج تدريب المقاومات بنظام السوبر سيت (Super sets)، ترواحت مدة كل برنامج (8) أسابيع بواقع (3) وحدات تدريبية أسبوعياً، تم تحليل معدل طول وتردد ضربة الذراعين والسرعة بسباحة الزحف على البطن لمسافة 50م، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة بأنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى α ≤ 0.05 بالقياس البعدي بين نظامي تدريب المقاومات دروب سيت (Drop sets) وسوبر سيت (Super sets) على بعض المتغيرات الكينماتيكية في سباحة الزحف على البطن، ولكن كانت نسب التحسن أعلى لنظام تدريب المقاومات دروب سيت (Drop set) عن نظام تدريب المقاومات سوبر سيت (Super sets) في معدل طول ضربة الذراعين بسباحة 50م الزحف على البطن، ولمعدل السرعة بسباحة 50م زحف على البطن لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية، وأوصى الباحثان باستخدام تمرينات المقاومات بنظام الدروب سيت (Drop sets) عند التعليم والتدريب على المهارات التي تحتاج إلى القوة وتحمل القوة والسرعة مثل سباحة الزحف على البطن لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية.This study aimed to compare the effect of resistance training systems (Drop sets) and (Super sets) on some body and physical measurements and kinematic variables in (50m) front crawl swimming stroke, The experimental method was used, And the study sample consisted of (8) students from physical education students registered in swimming course level (2) who were divided into two equal experimental groups. The first group consisted of (4) students involved in a drop sets resistances training system program, and the second experimental group consisted of (4) students involved in a super sets resistance training system program. The duration of each program was (8) weeks, (3) training units per week. It was measure the average of the length and frequency of stroke arms and the speed of (50m) front crawl swimming stroke, The results of the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of α ≤ 0.05 in the post measurement between the Drop sets and the Super sets on some kinematic variables in (50m) front crawl swimming stroke, It was apparent differences improvement higher for the Drop set system than the Super sets system in the average length of the arms strocks and velocity in (50m) front crawl swimming, the researcher recommended to use the drop sets system when teaching and training on skills that need strength, strength endurance and speed, such as front crawl swimming stroke among students of the faculty of physical education

    The impact of an educational course for swimming on free style swimming performance and life skills for deaf students

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    This study investigates the impact of an educational course for swimming on free style swimming performance and life skills for deaf students. Subjects were (10) male deaf students who were at-tended to swimming courses level (1) in the Faculty of Physical Education at the University of Jordan, with mean age of (M age = 20.4 SD =1.35). After completing the Life skills through swimming context scale (Bayyat et al., 2016) and practical pre-test of free style swimming skills performance, subjects executed both physical practice of the free style swimming skills performance during a pro-gram conceited of eighteen sessions, 3 sessions a week, for 6-weeks, 60 mints per session, and life skills development dialogues program which focused on certain life skills (Communications, team-work, self-confidence/self-Esteem, problem solving and decision-making/responsibility).After 6-weeks all subjects completed a post life skills questionnaire which measured the changes in their life skills level after learning the free style swimming skills performance, they also went through a post practical subjective performance evaluation post-test which measured their level of the free style swimming skills performance. Statistical analysis was processed by SPSS. The results showed significant differences between pre and post-test in life skills dimensions and significant differences between pre and post-test in free style swimming performance level for the subject of this study. In conclusions the educational course for swimming had a positive impact on free style swimming performance and on life skills for deaf students in the faculty of physical education at the University of Jordan

    The effects of two resistance training systems (Drop sets) and (Super sets) on some body and physical measurements among physical education college students

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    هدفت هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى الفروق بين تأثير نظامي تدريب المقاومات (Drop sets) و(Super sets) على بعض القياسات الجسمية والبدنية، وتم استخدام المنهج التجريبي، وتكونت عينة الدراسة من (8) طلاب من كلية التربية الرياضية (2) تم تقسيمهم إلى مجموعتين تجريبيتين متكافئتين، المجموعة الأولى تجريبية تكونت من (4) طلاب خضعوا لبرنامج تدريب المقاومات بنظام الدروب سيت (Drop sets)، والمجموعة الثانية تجريبية تكونت من (4) طلاب خضعوا لبرنامج تدريب المقاومات بنظام السوبر سيت (Super sets)، ترواحت مدة كل برنامج (8) أسابيع بواقع (3) وحدات تدريبية أسبوعياً، تم قياس محيط العضد الأيمن والأيسر ومحيط الفخذ الأيمن والأيسر، ومحيط الصدر، وتم إجراء اختبارات للقوة القصوى لعضلات الظهر والرجلين باستخدام الديناموميتر، والقوة الإنفجارية باستخدام اختبار الوثب الطويل من الثبات، وتحمل القوة باستخدام اختبار (Sit -ups) الجلوس من الرقود لمدة (30) ث من خلال أكبر عدد تكرارات، والقوة القصوى لعضلات الصدر والذراعين باستخدام اختبار الصدر المستوي لمرة واحدة، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة بأنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية عند مستوى α ≤ 0.05 بالقياس البعدي بين نظامي تدريب المقاومات دروب سيت (Drop sets) وسوبر سيت (Super sets) على بعض القياسات الجسمية والبدنية، ولكن كانت نسب التحسن أعلى لنظام تدريب المقاومات دروب سيت (Drop set) عن نظام تدريب المقاومات سوبر سيت (Super sets) في محيط العضد الأيمن والأيسر، ومحيط الفخذ الأيمن والأيسر، ومحيط الصدر، والقوة القصوى لعضلات الظهر والرجلين، والقوة الانفجارية لاختبار الوثب الطويل من الثبات، وتحمل القوة لاختبار (Sit -ups) الجلوس من الرقود لمدة (30)ث، لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضية، وأوصى الباحثون باستخدام تمرينات المقاومات بنظام الدروب سيت (Drop sets) عند التعليم والتدريب على المهارات التي تحتاج إلى القوة وتحمل القوة والسرعة لدى طلاب كلية التربية الرياضيةThis study aimed to compare the effect of resistance training systems (Drop sets) and (Super sets) on some body and physical measurements, The experimental method was used, And the study sample consisted of (8) students from physical education students who were divided into two equal experimental groups. The first group consisted of (4) students involved in a drop sets resistances training system program, and the second experimental group consisted of (4) students involved in a super sets resistance training system program. The duration of each program was (8) weeks, (3) training units per week. It was measure the right and left humerus circumference, the right and left thigh circumference, and the chest circumference, the maximum strength of the back and leg muscles were tested using dynamometer, the standing long jump test used to measure the power, the set-ups test for (30) secende to measure the strength endurance, the maximum strength of the chest and arm muscles using a (1RM) flat chest test, The results of the study indicated that there were no statistically significant differences at the level of α ≤ 0.05 in the post measurement between the Drop sets and the Super sets on some physical measurements, It was apparent differences improvement higher for the Drop set system than the Super sets system in the left and right humerus circumference, the left and right thigh circumference, the chest circumference, the maximum strength of the back and legs muscles, and the speed strength by the standind long jump test, strength endurance by Sit -ups (30)s , the researchers recommended to use the drop sets system when teaching and training on skills that need strength, strength endurance and speed, among students of the faculty of physical educatio

    Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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    BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

    Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

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    Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

    Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

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    Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and92 492 million using approach 1 and 73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and95 004 million using approach 1 and 75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

    Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

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    Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

    Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

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    Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

    Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

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    Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

    Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

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    Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and92 492 million using approach 1 and 73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and95 004 million using approach 1 and 75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
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