: Recension de l'ouvrage de Félix Vacas Fernández : El reconocimiento del derecho al sufragio de los extranjeros en España: un análisis desde el derecho internacional, Madrid, Dykinson, 2011, 105 p.

National audienceCet article ne se limite pas à résumer l'ouvrage du Pr Vacas, mais propose une interprétation des problèmes posés par l'application du principe de réciprocité dans l'octroi du droit de vote aux résidents étrangers, à partir de l'expérience espagnole analysée dans l'ouvrage

Le droit de vote des résidents étrangers est-il une compensation à une fermeture de la nationalité ? Le bilan des expériences européennes

National audienceL'objet de cet article est de traiter de la question du rapport entre l'ouverture du droit de vote aux résidents étrangers et l'ouverture plus ou moins réelle de l'acquisition de la nationalité. Cette question est liée à un des enjeux de fond du débat en cours (le rapport droit de vote / citoyenneté / nationalité). Elle est également un des arguments souvent utilisés par les opposants au vote des étrangers, qui, lorsqu'ils n'expriment pas tout bonnement leur hostilité vis-à-vis des étrangers, prétendent souvent qu'il vaudrait mieux privilégier la piste de la "naturalisation" plutôt qu'ouvrir à moitié les portes du droit de vote . Après un bref retour sur les enjeux théoriques et politiques de cette question, nous nous proposons d'étudier si les expériences étrangères permettent de confirmer la thèse des vases communicants (droit de vote ouvert aux étrangers = nationalité fermée ; droit de vote fermé = nationalité ouverte) ou si au contraire, les deux phénomènes sont indépendants, voire liés (droit de vote ouvert aux étrangers = nationalité ouverte ; droit de vote fermé = nationalité fermée

Fast calibration of the LIBOR Market Model with Stochastic Volatility based on analytical gradient

We propose to take advantage of the common knowledge of the characteristic function of the swap rate process as modelled in the LIBOR Market Model with Stochastic Volatility and Displaced Diffusion (DDSVLMM) to derive analytical expressions of the gradient of swaptions prices with respect to the model parameters. We use this result to derive an efficient calibration method for the DDSVLMM using gradient-based optimization algorithms. Our study relies on and extends the work by (Cui et al., 2017) that developed the analytical gradient for fast calibration of the Heston model, based on an alternative formulation of the Heston moment generating function proposed by (del Ba{\~n}o et al., 2010). Our main conclusion is that the analytical gradient-based calibration is highly competitive for the DDSVLMM, as it significantly limits the number of steps in the optimization algorithm while improving its accuracy. The efficiency of this novel approach is compared to classical standard optimization procedures

Exploratory Visualization of Astronomical Data on Ultra-high-resolution Wall Displays

International audienceUltra-high-resolution wall displays feature a very high pixel density over a large physical surface, which makes them well-suited to the collaborative, exploratory visualization of large datasets. We introduce FITS-OW, an application designed for such wall displays, that enables astronomers to navigate in large collections of FITS images, query astronomical databases, and display detailed, complementary data and documents about multiple sources simultaneously. We describe how astronomers interact with their data using both the wall's touch-sensitive surface and handheld devices. We also report on the technical challenges we addressed in terms of distributed graphics rendering and data sharing over the computer clusters that drive wall displays

5-CQA and mangiferin, two leaf biomarkers of adaptation to full sun or shade conditions in Coffea arabica L.

Phenolic compounds are involved in plant response to environmental conditions and are highly present in leaves of Coffea arabica L., originally an understory shrub. To increase knowledge of C. arabica leaf phenolic compounds and their patterns in adaptation to light intensity, mature leaves of Ethiopian wild accessions, American pure lines and their relative F1 hybrids were sampled in full sun or under 50% shade field plots in Mexico and at two contrasting elevations in Nicaragua and Colombia. Twenty-one phenolic compounds were identified by LC-DAD-MS2 and sixteen were quantified by HPLC-DAD. Four of them appeared to be involved in C. arabica response to light intensity. They were consistently more accumulated in full sun, presenting a stable ratio of leaf content in the sun vs. shade for all the studied genotypes: 1.6 for 5-CQA, F-dihex and mangiferin and 2.8 for rutin. Moreover, 5-CQA and mangiferin contents, in full sun and shade, allowed for differentiating the two genetic groups of Ethiopian wild accessions (higher contents) vs. cultivated American pure lines. They appear, therefore, to be potential biomarkers of adaptation of C. arabica to light intensity for breeding programs. We hypothesize that low 5-CQA and mangiferin leaf contents should be searched for adaptation to full-sun cropping systems and high contents used for agroforestry systems

The Relevancy of Data Regarding the Metabolism of Iron to Our Understanding of Deregulated Mechanisms in ALS; Hypotheses and Pitfalls

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of motor neurons. Its etiology remains unknown, but several pathophysiological mechanisms are beginning to explain motor neuronal death, as well as oxidative stress. Iron accumulation has been observed in both sporadic and familial forms of ALS, including mouse models. Therefore, the dysregulation of iron metabolism could play a role in the pathological oxidative stress in ALS. Several studies have been undertaken to describe iron-related metabolic markers, in most cases focusing on metabolites in the bloodstream due to few available data in the central nervous system. Reports of accumulation of iron, high serum ferritin, and low serum transferrin levels in ALS patients have encouraged researchers to consider dysregulated iron metabolism as an integral part of ALS pathophysiology. However, it appears complicated to suggest a general mechanism due to the diversity of models and iron markers studied, including the lack of consensus among all of the studies. Regarding clinical study reports, most of them do not take into account confusion biases such as inflammation, renal dysfunction, and nutritional status. Furthermore, the iron regulatory pathways, particularly involving hepcidin, have not been thoroughly explored yet within the pathogenesis of iron overload in ALS. In this sense, it is also essential to explore the relation between iron overload and other ALS-related events, such as neuro-inflammation, protein aggregation, and iron-driven cell death, termed ferroptosis. In this review, we point out limits of the designs of certain studies that may prevent the understanding of the role of iron in ALS and discuss the relevance of the published data regarding the pathogenic impact of iron metabolism deregulation in this disease and the therapeutics targeting this pathway

Lessons from the COVID-19 air pollution decrease in Spain: Now what?

We offer an overview of the COVID-19 -driven air quality changes across 11 metropolises in Spain with the focuson lessons learned on how continuing abating pollution. Trafficflow decreased by up to 80% during the lockdownand remained relatively low during the full relaxation (June and July). After the lockdown a significant shift frompublic transport to private vehicles (+21% in Barcelona) persisted due to the pervasive fear that using publictransport might increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which need to be reverted as soon as possible. NO2levels fell below 50% of the WHO annual air quality guidelines (WHOAQGs), but those of PM2.5were reducedless than expected due to the lower contributions from traffic, increased contributions from agricultural and do-mestic biomass burning, or meteorological conditions favoring high secondary aerosol formation yields. Evenduring the lockdown, the annual PM2.5WHOAQG was exceeded in cities within the NE and E regions withhigh NH3emissions from farming and agriculture. Decreases in PM10levels were greater than in PM2.5due to reduced emissions from road dust, vehicle wear, and construction/demolition. Averaged O3daily maximum 8-h(8hDM) experienced a generalized decrease in the rural receptor sites in the relaxation (June–July) with−20%reduced mobility. For urban areas O38hDM responses were heterogeneous, with increases or decreases depend-ing on the period and location. Thus, after canceling out the effect of meteorology, 5 out of 11 cities experiencedO3decreases during the lockdown, while the remaining 6 either did not experience relevant reductions or in-creased. During the relaxation period and coinciding with the growing O3season (June–July), most cities expe-rienced decreases. However, the O3WHOAQG was still exceeded during the lockdown and full relaxationperiods in several cities. For secondary pollutants, such as O3and PM2.5, further chemical and dispersion model-ing along with source apportionment techniques to identify major precursor reduction targets are required toevaluate their abatement potential

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI