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Update of the management strategy for Oak Ridge National Laboratory Liquid Low-Level Waste
The strategy for management of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory`s (ORNL) radioactively contaminated liquid waste was reviewed in 1991. The latest information available through the end of 1990 on waste characterization, regulations, US Department of Energy (DOE) budget guidance, and research and development programs was evaluated to determine how the strategy should be revised. Few changes are needed to update the strategy to reflect new waste characterization, research, and regulatory information. However, recent budget guidance from DOE indicates that minimum funding will not be sufficient to accomplish original objectives to upgrade the liquid low-level waste (LLLW) system to comply with the Federal Facilities Agreement, provide long-term LLLW treatment capability, and minimize environmental, safety, and health risks. Options are presented that might allow the ORNL LLLW system to continue operations temporarily, but they would significantly reduce its capabilities to handle emergency situations, provide treatment for new waste streams, and accommodate waste from the Environmental Restoration Program and from decontamination and decommissioning of surplus facilities. These options are also likely to increase worker radiation exposure, risk of environmental insult, and generation of solid waste for on-site and off-site disposal/storage beyond existing facility capacities. The strategy will be fully developed after receipt of additional guidance. The proposed budget limitations are too severe to allow ORNL to meet regulatory requirements or continue operations long term
On zero-point energy, stability and Hagedorn behavior of Type IIB strings on pp-waves
Type IIB strings on many pp-wave backgrounds, supported either by 5-form or
3-form fluxes, have negative light-cone zero-point energy. This raises the
question of their stability and poses possible problems in the definition of
their thermodynamic properties. After having pointed out the correct way of
calculating the zero-point energy, an issue not fully discussed in literature,
we show that these Type IIB strings are classically stable and have well
defined thermal properties, exhibiting a Hagedorn behavior.Comment: Latex, 13 pages. v2: regularization/renormalization prescription
clarified, refs. adde
Magnetic Field Effects on the Far-Infrared Absorption in Mn_12-acetate
We report the far-infrared spectra of the molecular nanomagnet Mn_12-acetate
(Mn_12) as a function of temperature (5-300 K) and magnetic field (0-17 T). The
large number of observed vibrational modes is related to the low symmetry of
the molecule, and they are grouped together in clusters. Analysis of the mode
character based on molecular dynamics simulations and model compound studies
shows that all vibrations are complex; motion from a majority of atoms in the
molecule contribute to most modes. Three features involving intramolecular
vibrations of the Mn_12 molecule centered at 284, 306 and 409 cm-1 show changes
with applied magnetic field. The structure near 284 cm displays the
largest deviation with field and is mainly intensity related. A comparison
between the temperature dependent absorption difference spectra, the gradual
low-temperature cluster framework distortion as assessed by neutron diffraction
data, and field dependent absorption difference spectra suggests that this mode
may involve Mn motion in the crown.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, PRB accepte
Factorization Breaking in Dijet Photoproduction with a Leading Neutron
The production of dijets with a leading neutron in ep-interactions at HERA is
calculated in leading order and next-to-leading order of perturbative QCD using
a pion-exchange model. Differential cross sections for deep-inelastic
scattering (DIS) and photoproduction are presented as a function of several
kinematic variables. By comparing the theoretical predictions for DIS dijets to
recent H1 data, the pion flux factor together with the parton distribution
functions of the pion is determined. The dijet cross sections in
photoproduction show factorization breaking if compared to the H1
photoproduction data. The suppression factor is S = 0.48 (0.64) for resolved
(global) suppression.Comment: 16 pages, 5 figure
LHC as and Collider
We propose an experiment at the LHC with leading neutron production.The
latter can be used to extract from it the total cross-sections. With
two leading neutrons we can get access to the total
cross-sections. In this note we give some estimates and discuss related
problems and prospects.Comment: 22 pages, 18 figures, 8 tables, to be publishe
Finite Temperature Properties of Quantum Antiferromagnets in a Uniform Magnetic Field in One and Two Dimensions
Consider a -dimensional antiferromagnet with a quantum disordered ground
state and a gap to bosonic excitations with non-zero spin. In a finite external
magnetic field, this antiferromagnet will undergo a phase transition to a
ground state with non-zero magnetization, describable as the condensation of a
dilute gas of bosons. The finite temperature properties of the Bose gas in the
vicinity of this transition are argued to obey a hypothesis of ZERO
SCALE-FACTOR UNIVERSALITY for , with logarithmic violations in .
Scaling properties of various experimental observables are computed in an
expansion in , and exactly in .Comment: 27 pages, REVTEX 3.0, 8 Postscript figures appended, YCTP-xyz
Seismology of the Sun : Inference of Thermal, Dynamic and Magnetic Field Structures of the Interior
Recent overwhelming evidences show that the sun strongly influences the
Earth's climate and environment. Moreover existence of life on this Earth
mainly depends upon the sun's energy. Hence, understanding of physics of the
sun, especially the thermal, dynamic and magnetic field structures of its
interior, is very important. Recently, from the ground and space based
observations, it is discovered that sun oscillates near 5 min periodicity in
millions of modes. This discovery heralded a new era in solar physics and a
separate branch called helioseismology or seismology of the sun has started.
Before the advent of helioseismology, sun's thermal structure of the interior
was understood from the evolutionary solution of stellar structure equations
that mimicked the present age, mass and radius of the sun. Whereas solution of
MHD equations yielded internal dynamics and magnetic field structure of the
sun's interior. In this presentation, I review the thermal, dynamic and
magnetic field structures of the sun's interior as inferred by the
helioseismology.Comment: To be published in the proceedings of the meeting "3rd International
Conference on Current Developments in Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Nano
Physics with Applications", December 14-16, 2011, New Delhi, Indi
Exact Hypersurface-Homogeneous Solutions in Cosmology and Astrophysics
A framework is introduced which explains the existence and similarities of
most exact solutions of the Einstein equations with a wide range of sources for
the class of hypersurface-homogeneous spacetimes which admit a Hamiltonian
formulation. This class includes the spatially homogeneous cosmological models
and the astrophysically interesting static spherically symmetric models as well
as the stationary cylindrically symmetric models. The framework involves
methods for finding and exploiting hidden symmetries and invariant submanifolds
of the Hamiltonian formulation of the field equations. It unifies, simplifies
and extends most known work on hypersurface-homogeneous exact solutions. It is
shown that the same framework is also relevant to gravitational theories with a
similar structure, like Brans-Dicke or higher-dimensional theories.Comment: 41 pages, REVTEX/LaTeX 2.09 file (don't use LaTeX2e !!!) Accepted for
publication in Phys. Rev.
Neutrino masses: From fantasy to facts
Theory suggests the existence of neutrino masses, but little more. Facts are
coming close to reveal our fantasy: solar and atmospheric neutrino data
strongly indicate the need for neutrino conversions, while LSND provides an
intriguing hint. The simplest ways to reconcile these data in terms of neutrino
oscillations invoke a light sterile neutrino in addition to the three active
ones. Out of the four neutrinos, two are maximally-mixed and lie at the LSND
scale, while the others are at the solar mass scale. These schemes can be
distinguished at neutral-current-sensitive solar & atmospheric neutrino
experiments. I discuss the simplest theoretical scenarios, where the lightness
of the sterile neutrino, the nearly maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing, and
the generation of & all follow
naturally from the assumed lepton-number symmetry and its breaking. Although
the most likely interpretation of the present data is in terms of
neutrino-mass-induced oscillations, one still has room for alternative
explanations, such as flavour changing neutrino interactions, with no need for
neutrino mass or mixing. Such flavour violating transitions arise in theories
with strictly massless neutrinos, and may lead to other sizeable flavour
non-conservation effects, such as , conversion in
nuclei, unaccompanied by neutrino-less double beta decay.Comment: 33 pages, latex, 16 figures. Invited Talk at Ioannina Conference,
Symmetries in Intermediate High Energy Physics and its Applications, Oct.
1998, to be published by Springer Tracts in Modern Physics. Festschrift in
Honour of John Vergados' 60th Birthda
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