Impactos del Cambio Climático en la Generación de Energía Renovable y Evaluación de Escenarios de Generación Energética

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 26-04-2022This Thesis was titled Climate Change Impacts on Renewable Energy Generation and Energy Generation Scenarios.Climate change is attributed, among other factors, to greenhouse gas emissions produced by the energy sector (including the transport). At the same time, climate change is expected to affect this sector by changing the availability of resources, altering its enabling conditions and transforming demand patterns. This thesis addresses climate change impacts on renewable generation and electricity demand by providing an overview of the most relevant transformations projected in literature and by developing methodologies and quantitative analysis to ascertain the specific infuence in three case studies.The first and second chapters are focus on estimating climate change impacts in wind and photovoltaic generation in specific plants. Both provide physical and economic projections of expected changes, along with conclusions for the development of energy policies. The last chapter delves into how climate change and the scenarios proposed to curb it, can affect the demand for electricity in a region, due to the expected changes in the generation infrastructure and changes on the demand side such as a high penetration of electric vehicles...Esta Tesis se tituló Impactos del Cambio Climático en la Generación de Energía Renovable y Escenarios de Generación de Energía. El cambio climático se atribuye, entre otras variables, a las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero producidas por el sector energético (incluyendo el transporte). Al mismo tiempo, el cambio climático se espera que pueda afectar a este sector cambiando la disponibilidad de sus recursos, alterando sus condiciones habilitantes y transformando los patrones de la demanda. Esta Tesis aborda los impactos del cambio climático en la generación renovable y cambios en el comportamiento de la demanda de electricidad, proporcionando una introducción a las transformaciones más relevantes proyectadas por la literatura y desarrollando metodologías y análisis cuantitativos que determinan el impacto específico en tres casos de estudio. El primer y el segundo capítulo se centran en determinar los cambios esperados en la generación eólica y fotovoltaica en plantas específicas, con especial atención en el calentamiento global. Ambos proporcionan proyecciones físicas y económicas de los cambios esperados, junto con conclusiones para el desarrollo de políticas energéticas. El último capítulo profundiza en cómo el cambio climático y los escenarios propuestos para frenarlo, pueden afectar a la demanda de electricidad de una región, debido a los cambios esperados en las infraestructuras de generación y en cambios por el lado de la demanda como sería una elevada penetración de los vehículos eléctricos...Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu

Dynamic Test Scheduling for Analog Circuits for Improved Test Quality

Abstract-In this paper, we present an innovative test scheduling method to improve test quality and/or reduce test time for analog circuits. Our dynamic test scheduling approach predicts the fail probability of unmeasured specifications with the aim of passing statistically well-behaved chips early on so as to devote more resources to marginal devices. Results show that for a gain controlled LNA circuit, with 48 specification parameters, it is possible to achieve 67% improvement in test quality for the same test time or 19.2% test time reduction with the same test quality compared to the widely used set cover method

A Techno-Economic Analysis of Space-Based Solar Power Systems

Space-based solar power (SBSP) promises to provide flexible renewable baseload power. However, no full-system prototype exists due to a perceived lack of economic viability. The goal of this thesis is therefore to determine how different technology approaches can improve key technical metrics of SBSP and consequently the economics. For this purpose, we divide the system into its three main segments and define critical metrics for the performance of each subsystem. Based on these, novel technology approaches from the literature are then evaluated. For the solar satellite, we are able to show that a number of technology options exist that might improve power levels, radiation resistance, and mass-related ratios. These advances would greatly benefit overall system economics, as the space segment constitutes a big lever for enhancing the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE). Furthermore, microwave power beaming efficiencies in line with required levels have been demonstrated but so far lack the scale and distance necessary for SBSP. Ultimately, the global capacity in space lift capabilities appears to be a major bottleneck. Consequently, a reduction in mass of the satellite would not only be a matter of economics but might render any such project even possible in the first place. Keywords: Energy; Solar; Space; Microwaves; Sustainability.Space-based solar power (SBSP) promises to provide flexible renewable baseload power. However, no full-system prototype exists due to a perceived lack of economic viability. The goal of this thesis is therefore to determine how different technology approaches can improve key technical metrics of SBSP and consequently the economics. For this purpose, we divide the system into its three main segments and define critical metrics for the performance of each subsystem. Based on these, novel technology approaches from the literature are then evaluated. For the solar satellite, we are able to show that a number of technology options exist that might improve power levels, radiation resistance, and mass-related ratios. These advances would greatly benefit overall system economics, as the space segment constitutes a big lever for enhancing the levelised cost of electricity (LCOE). Furthermore, microwave power beaming efficiencies in line with required levels have been demonstrated but so far lack the scale and distance necessary for SBSP. Ultimately, the global capacity in space lift capabilities appears to be a major bottleneck. Consequently, a reduction in mass of the satellite would not only be a matter of economics but might render any such project even possible in the first place. Keywords: Energy; Solar; Space; Microwaves; Sustainability

Sensor-based ICT Systems for Smart Societies

L'abstract è presente nell'allegato / the abstract is in the attachmen

Essays on improving nonmarket valuation techniques

The goal of this dissertation is to improve on existing nonmarket valuation techniques by incorporating three sources of information rarely used in the literature; (a) prior information on the distribution of willingness-to-pay (WTP), (b) individual perceptions regarding environmental quality, and (c) contingent behavior data based on hypothetical environmental quality improvements. Consideration of each of these information sources constitutes an essay in the dissertation.;The first essay focuses on incorporating prior information on the distribution of WTP when designing dichotomous choice referendum (DCR) format survey. A key disadvantage of DCR format is that each survey respondent provides limited information about this WTP distribution. Improving the bid design provides a means of improving the efficiency of WTP estimates. Classical and Bayesian approach to bid design are reviewed including simulation based designs and the curve fitting methods. The cost of ignoring parameter uncertainties are investigated and single- and two-stage designs are implemented. Lessons for practitioners are discussed.;The second essay focuses on individual perceptions regarding water quality. Although researchers argue that individual choice decisions are made based on their perceptions, there is relatively little research using perceptions due to the cost of collecting individual perceptions data. Trip behavior and individual water quality assessments are collected from the 2003 Iowa Lakes Survey. Using these two data sets and physical water quality measures provided by ISU limnology lab, the impacts of water quality perceptions and physical measures on recreation demand are investigated. Further, the linkage between physical measures and water quality perceptions are investigated. Welfare measures ignoring and considering individual perceptions are then compared.;The third essay focuses on measuring the impact of hypothetical water quality improvements using three types of trips data (actual trips and anticipated trips under current and hypothetical water quality) collected from the 2004 Iowa Lakes Survey. While pervious contingent behavior research typically lack of sufficient variation in quality attributes, the advantage of this analysis is there is ample variation in the water quality attributes. Individual responses to current and hypothetical water quality are estimated. Welfare measures under these different responses to water quality are then compared

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100 km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the third volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the hadron collider FCC-hh. It summarizes the FCC-hh physics discovery opportunities, presents the FCC-hh accelerator design, performance reach, and staged operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the FCC-hh design aims at significantly extending the energy frontier to 100 TeV. Its unprecedented centre of-mass collision energy will make the FCC-hh a unique instrument to explore physics beyond the Standard Model, offering great direct sensitivity to new physics and discoveries

FCC-hh: The Hadron Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 3

Overview of the physics potential of a future hadron collider